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1.
海南省文昌鸡主要养殖地区鸡球虫种类及感染情况调查   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
为了解海南省文昌鸡主要养殖地区鸡球虫种类及感染情况,采用群体采样法分别从各调查点采集新鲜鸡粪,检查粪样。阳性粪样采用饱和盐水漂浮和离心沉淀法进行卵囊分离,2.5%重铬酸钾培养保存。显微镜下观察卵囊进行虫种鉴定,并统计各调查点的鸡球虫种类、感染率和感染强度。结果显示,检查雏鸡(15~42日龄)、青年鸡(43~84日龄)和成年鸡(85~130日龄)粪样各300份,球虫的感染率分别为82.7%、78.0%和38.3%。共检出7种球虫,均属艾美耳属,分别为毒害艾美耳球虫(E.necatrix)、堆型艾美耳球虫(E.acervulina)、巨型艾美耳球虫(E.maxima)、柔嫩艾美耳球虫(E.tenella)、和缓艾美耳球虫(E.mitis)、哈氏艾美耳球虫(E.hagani)和早熟艾美耳球虫(E.praecox)。结果表明,球虫感染在海南省文昌鸡主要养殖地区普遍存在,雏鸡和青年鸡的感染率较高,且中度以上(包括中度)感染偏多;成年鸡的感染率相对较低,且多为轻度感染。  相似文献   

2.
安徽省部分地区鸡球虫种类及感染情况调查   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
目的了解安徽省五个县(区)鸡球虫种类及感染情况。方法采用群体采样法分别从个调查点采集新鲜鸡粪,检查粪样。阳性粪样采用饱和盐水漂浮和离心沉淀法进行卵囊分离。显微镜下观察卵囊进行虫种鉴定,并统计各调查点的鸡球虫感染率和感染强度等。结果检查172份鸡的新鲜粪样,得出鸡球虫感染率为100%;共检出7种球虫,经鉴定均隶属于艾美耳属,分别为毒害艾关耳球虫(Eimeria necatrix),堆型艾关耳球虫(E.acervulina),巨型艾关耳球虫(E.maxima),柔嫩艾美耳球虫(E.tenella),和缓艾美耳球虫(E.mitis),哈氏艾美耳球虫(E.hagani)和早熟艾美耳球虫(E.praecox)。结论鸡球虫在安徽省的这5个县(区)普遍存在,且有的调查点感染强度很高。  相似文献   

3.
为了调查上海市鸽球虫的感染情况和种类,分别采集奉贤区肉鸽场和信鸽场的110份和44份粪便,以及南汇区肉鸽场的100份粪样,采用麦氏虫卵计数法对粪便球虫卵囊进行计数,收集阳性粪便中的卵囊,经孢子化后进行种类鉴定。结果显示,上海市鸽球虫的平均感染率为52.8%(134/254),平均每克粪便卵囊数(oocyst per gram,OPG)为50 159个,为中度感染。肉鸽感染率(55.2%)和平均OPG(52 110个)均高于信鸽(40.9%和37 583个),奉贤肉鸽感染率(60.9%)高于南汇(49.0%),但南汇肉鸽的OPG(88 634个)明显高于奉贤(25 400个)。从肉鸽阳性粪便中鉴定出5种球虫,即拉氏艾美耳球虫(Eimerialabbeana)、鸽艾美耳球虫(E.columbae)、原鸽艾美耳球虫(E.columbarum)、杜氏艾美耳球虫(E.duculai)以及卡氏艾美耳球虫(E.kapotei),拉氏艾美耳球虫为优势种。在信鸽阳性粪便中鉴定出4种球虫,即拉氏艾美耳球虫、杜氏艾美耳球虫、鸽艾美耳球虫以及原鸽艾美耳球虫,原鸽艾美耳球虫为优势种。本次调查表明上海市肉鸽和信鸽的球虫感染率和粪便OPG均偏高,调查结果为及时做好鸽球虫病的防治提供了基础数据。  相似文献   

4.
对青海省祁连县默勒镇96只绵羊进行了球虫感染情况和种类调查研究。结果显示:总感染率为70.8%,其中1岁绵羊感染率83.3%,2岁羊感染率76.7%,成年羊感染率46.7%;多为2~5种球虫混和感染;平均OPG值为154.1(20~1460)。显微镜下对孢子化卵囊进行形态学观察,测量卵囊大小,显微照相,并列出了各种球虫的主要鉴别特征,绘制了卵囊形态图,进行虫种鉴定,共检出12种艾美耳球虫,其中确定的有11种:小型艾美耳球虫(Eimeria.parva)、类绵羊艾美耳球虫(E.ovinoidalis)、槌形艾美耳球虫(E.crandallis)、威布里吉艾美耳球虫(E.weybridgensis)、苍白艾美耳球虫(E.pallida)、阿撒他艾美耳球虫(E.ahsata)、浮氏艾美耳球虫(E.faurei)、卵状艾美耳球虫(E.oodeus)、巴库艾美耳球虫(E.bakuensis)、颗粒艾美耳球虫(E.granulosa)以及错乱艾美耳球虫(E.intricata),前4种为优势虫种;未定种一种。  相似文献   

5.
为了解陕西杨凌某奶山羊场山羊球虫的感染状况,采用粪便漂浮法、斯陶尔法和卵囊培养法等对山羊的球虫感染情况进行了初步调查,并对各虫种进行鉴定。结果检获12种艾美耳球虫(Eimeria),即艾丽艾美耳球虫(E.alijevi)、小型艾美耳球虫(E.parva)、浮氏艾美耳球虫(E.faurei)、阿氏艾美耳球虫(E.arloingi)、颗粒艾美耳球虫(E.granulosa)、山羊艾美耳球虫(E.caprina)、羊艾美耳球虫(E.caprovina)、槌状艾美耳球虫(E.crandallis)、克氏艾美耳球虫(E.christenseni)、阿普艾美耳球虫(E.apsheronica)、阿撒他艾美耳球虫(E.ahsata)和错乱艾美耳球虫(E.intricata)。山羊球虫平均感染率为95.2%(40/42),羔羊感染率为100%。平均感染强度(每克粪便卵囊数)为1 086OPG,多数羊为2种~6种卵囊混合感染。优势种为阿氏艾美耳球虫(E.arloingi)、小型艾美耳球虫(E.parva)、艾丽艾美耳球虫(E.alijevi)、山羊艾美耳球虫(E.caprina)、阿撒他艾美耳球虫(E.ahsata)和错乱艾美耳球虫(E.intricata)。  相似文献   

6.
安徽合肥市鸡球虫种类及感染情况调查   总被引:5,自引:3,他引:5  
本文采用饱和盐水漂浮、重铬酸钾培养等方法,对合肥市79份鸡的粪样进行了鸡球虫感染情况的检查。结果表明:鸡球虫感染率为62.03%(49/79)。经鉴定,所获7种球虫均隶属艾美耳属,即:毒害艾美耳球虫(Eimeria necatrix)、堆型艾美耳球虫(E.acervulina)、巨型艾美耳球虫(E.maxima)、柔嫩艾美耳球虫(E.tenella)、和缓支美耳球虫(E.mitis)、哈氏艾美耳球虫(E.hagani)和早熟艾美耳球虫(E.praecox)。文中还对鸡球虫与地区、日龄的关系及优势虫种等进行了分析,得出合肥市鸡球虫感染率存在一定的地区性和日龄差异,鸡球虫优势虫种为毒害艾美耳球虫和堆型艾美耳球虫。  相似文献   

7.
为了解上海市山羊体内球虫种类及感染情况,采用卵囊培养法和粪便漂浮法,对上海市临港地区120份山羊新鲜粪便进行球虫检查。结果显示:山羊球虫的感染率为80%;经鉴定在山羊粪便中发现8种艾美耳球虫,分别是克氏艾美耳球虫(E.christenseni)、阿普艾美耳球虫(E.apsherenica)、尼柯雅艾美耳球虫(E.ninakohlyakimovae)、约奇艾美耳球虫(E.jolchijevi)、家山羊艾美耳球虫(E.hirci)、艾丽艾美耳球虫(E.alijeri)、山羊艾美耳球虫(E.caprina)和阿氏艾美耳球虫(E.arloingi)。在2~6月龄山羊的肠内容物中发现大量的克氏艾美耳球虫和山羊艾美耳球虫,说明这2种球虫是上海市临港地区山羊的优势虫种。  相似文献   

8.
为了解上海地区规模化奶牛场奶牛感染球虫的情况,我们对上海地区17个牧场的奶牛球虫感染状况进行了随机抽样调查,分别于2005年10月和2006年4月按不同年龄阶段共采集粪样316份。调查结果显示:17个牧场都有球虫感染,1个牧场的感染率最高达70%,其中10月份调查的感染率为36.45%,4月份调查的感染率为40.05%,两者没有明显的差异;从不同年龄阶段奶牛的感染情况来看,发现感染率最高的2个阶段为0~2月龄和4~6月龄,感染率高达为45%,感染率最低的年龄阶段为12月龄以上的奶牛,感染率为25%;从感染强度来看,上海地区牧场奶牛的球虫感染强度大部分平均OPG低于1000,占58.82%,只有一个牧场的平均OPG比较高,为14250;从本次调查结果发现有6种艾美耳球虫(Eimeria),分别是牛艾美耳球虫(E.bovis)、椭圆艾美耳球虫(E.ellipsoidallis)、邱氏艾美耳球虫(E.zurnii)、怀俄艾美耳球虫(E.wyomingensis)、柱状艾美耳球虫(E.cylindrica)、亚球形艾美耳球虫(E.subspherica),优势虫种为牛艾美耳球虫、邱氏艾美耳球虫、椭圆艾美耳球虫,其他3种球虫所占比例较少。  相似文献   

9.
为了确定石河子地区某奶牛场发生寄生虫病的原因,试验采用随机采样法从犊牛和成年牛直肠采集粪样,用饱和盐水漂浮法和离心沉淀法进行卵囊分离、卵囊计数、孢子化培养和感染强度的测定,对该奶牛场的犊牛球虫病进行了虫种鉴定,并统计了该奶牛场犊牛的发病率和感染强度。结果表明:检查的155头犊牛中有阳性牛85头,阳性率为54.84%;共检出球虫6种,经鉴定均属于艾美耳属球虫,分别为椭圆艾美耳球虫(Eimeria ellips)、邱氏艾美耳球虫(Eimeria zuernii)、阿拉巴马艾美耳球虫(Eimeria alabamensis)、牛艾美耳球虫(Eimeria bovis)、加拿大艾美耳球虫(Eimeria canadensis)和柱状艾美耳球虫(Eimeria cylindrce)。  相似文献   

10.
本文初步调查了徐州地区部分县市鸡球虫病的感染情况。对采集16个鸡场的新鲜粪便粪样,通过离心沉淀、漂浮、培养,应用卵囊形态观察的方法进行球虫种类鉴定。本次调查共检出鸡球虫阳性场11个,阳性率为68.75%。共鉴定出艾美球虫6种,它们分别是柔嫩艾美球虫(Eimeria tenella)、毒害艾美球虫(E.necatrix)、巨型艾美球虫(E.maxima)、堆型艾美球虫(E.acervulina)、和缓艾美球虫(E.mitis)、早熟艾美球虫(E.praecox)。优势种为柔嫩艾美球虫、巨型艾美球虫、和缓艾美球虫、堆型艾美球虫。  相似文献   

11.
Experimental chicken/guinea fowl hybrids, guinea fowl, and chickens were orally inoculated with Eimeria acervulina or E. tenella, which are specific for chickens, or with E. grenieri, which is specific for guinea fowl. No intact oocysts were found in feces within 24 hr of inoculation, suggesting that excystation occurred in the normal and abnormal hosts. No oocysts were found in the feces of hybrids during a 9-day postinoculation period. The guinea fowl passed oocysts of guinea fowl coccidia (E. grenieri) but not those of chicken coccidia, and the chickens passed oocysts of chicken coccidia (E. acervulina and E. tenella) but not those of guinea fowl coccidia. Some asexual development (schizogony) occurred in hybrids inoculated with E. tenella, but sexual development (gametogony) did not. In contrast, quail/chicken hybrids became infected with oocysts of chicken coccidia (E. acervulina, E. tenella, and E. maxima) and quail coccidia (E. bateri) and passed a few oocysts during the normal patent period; control chickens and quails became heavily infected with oocysts of chicken and quail coccidia, respectively.  相似文献   

12.
The effect of heat treatment was examined against oocysts of Cryptosporidium parvum, Cryptosporidium muris and chicken Cryptosporidium sp. isolated in Japan. The oocysts of these species were exposed at 50, 55, 60 and 70 degrees C for 5, 15, 30 and 60 sec in water bath, respectively. To determine the infectivity of heated oocysts, the nice and chickens were inoculated with the treated oocysts and the oocyst output in the feces after inoculation was examined. In C. parvum and chicken Cryptosporidium sp., the oocysts were not detected from mice or chickens which were received oocysts heated at 55 degrees C for 30 sec, 60 degrees C for 15 sec and 70 degrees C for 5 sec. In C. muris, the oocysts were not detected from mice which were received oocysts heated at 55 degrees C for 15 sec, 60 degrees C for 15 sec and 70 degrees C for 5 sec. Consequently, it was clarified that the infectivity of Cryptosporidium oocysts to mice and chickens was lost by heating at 55 degrees C for 30 sec, 60 degrees C for 15 sec and 70 degrees C for 5 sec.  相似文献   

13.
给18日龄鸡胚接种一定剂量的柔嫩艾美耳球虫(Eim eria tenella)和/或堆形艾美耳球虫(E.acervulina)孢子化卵囊,出雏后在无球虫环境中笼养,1~10日龄每天收集各组粪便样本,计数克粪便卵囊数(OPG),并于14日龄时以大剂量同源孢子化卵囊攻虫,以相对增重率(RWG)、饲料转化率(FCR)、相对卵囊产量(ROP)评价免疫保护效果。结果显示,以E.tenella或E.acervulina卵囊免疫18日龄鸡胚,其卵囊排出的潜隐期及达到峰值的时间与1日龄雏鸡接种组相一致,有相似的排卵囊曲线,提示其诱导免疫的建立是在出雏后开始建立的。攻虫后各免疫组的RWG由攻虫对照组的31.9%~51.7%提高到了76.5%~83.6%,RCR由攻虫对照组的4.11~4.89改善为2.72~2.96,ROP降至4.7%~23.5%。结果表明以一定剂量E.tenella和E.acervulina卵囊单独或混合经羊膜腔免疫18日龄鸡胚都可以建立起针对出雏后14日龄同源攻虫的良好免疫保护力。比较混合免疫E.tenella和E.acervulina卵囊组与单一接种E.tenella或E.acervulina卵囊组的免疫效果发现,混合免疫组的各项指标均稍优于后者。  相似文献   

14.
The chicken, which is the host for seven species of Eimeria, typically is infected simultaneously by multiple Eimeria species and the oocysts of coccidia are excreted in the feces. A prerequisite for investigation of individual Eimeria species is to isolate a single oocyst from fecal samples. A novel method for isolating a single Eimeria oocyst from poultry litter using a micromanipulator was developed. This simple method is fast and reliable, and provides direct isolation of a single sporulated oocyst from fecal samples harboring multiple Eimeria species or samples contaminated by other species of parasite.  相似文献   

15.
The effects of oral administration of sugar cane extracts (SCE) on Eimeria tenella oocysts infection in chickens were studied with 2 different experiments. In Experiment 1, 3-week-old inbred chickens (MHC; H.B15) were inoculated into the crop with SCE (500 mg/kg/day) for 1 day or 3 consecutive days, and then challenged with E. tenella sporulated oocysts (2 x 10(4) cells/chicken). In Experiment 2, 1-week-old chickens were orally administered SCE at the same dose for 3 consecutive days, and then initially infected with E. tenella sporulated oocysts (2 x 10(3) cells/chicken). At 2 and 3 weeks of age, these chickens were immunized intravenously with the mixed antigens of sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and Brucella abortus (BA). At 4 weeks of age, chickens were challenged with E. tenella sporulated oocysts (1 x 10(5)/chicken). Challenged chickens with E. tenella oocysts showed markedly decreased body weight gain/day, severe hemorrhage and great number of shedding oocysts in feces and high lesion scores. Oral administration of SCE and initial infection with oocysts (2 x 10 (3)/chicken) resulted in a remarkable improvement in body weight gain/day, hemorrhage, the number of shedding oocysts and lesion score, compare to other infected groups. In addition, SCE-inoculated chickens with the initial infection showed a significant increase in antibody responses against SRBC and BA and also improvement in decreased relative proportions of Bu-1a(+) and CD4( )cells in cecal tonsil lymphocytes of E. tenella-challenged chickens. Cecal tissues of chickens administered SCE and initially infected with E. tenella oocysts showed lower numbers of schizonts, gametocytes and oocysts than those of infected control chickens. These results suggest that SCE have immunostimulating and protective effects against E. tenella infection in chickens.  相似文献   

16.
A study was conducted to determine the incidence of cryptosporidiosis in wild mice (Mus musculus) and the infectivity of oocysts from their feces for susceptible calves. The presence of oocysts and the duration of shedding of oocysts in the feces were evaluated in 115 wild mice. Approximately 30% of the mice shed Cryptosporidium sp oocysts, without evidence of clinical infection; recurrence of oocyst shedding was found in about 50% of the mice. Oocysts from the feces of naturally infected mice were infective for calves and mice. Calves began shedding oocysts at 7 days and shed oocysts for about 10 days. Nonfatal, clinical cryptosporidiosis developed in 7 infected calves. The mice began shedding oocysts at 6 days and shed oocysts for 12 days. Fatalities or clinical infection did not develop in 5 infected mice. The results indicated that Cryptosporidium-infected wild mice may be a source of cryptosporidiosis in susceptible calves.  相似文献   

17.
18.
[目的]调查合肥野生动物园灵长类动物隐孢子虫的感染情况。[方法]采用饱和蔗糖水漂浮法对环尾狐猴、赤猴和狒狒等6种灵长类动物粪便进行卵囊浓集,采用抗酸染色法对其卵囊染色后进行形态学观察。在形态学观察基础上,对上述疑似粪样中的卵囊进行DNA提取,并采用PCR技术扩增隐孢子虫卵囊壁蛋白基因(COWP),以1%琼脂糖凝胶电泳鉴定PCR扩增产物,并对该园内灵长类动物感染隐孢子虫情况作统计分析。[结果]经形态学鉴定,初步判定从该动物园灵长类动物粪便中获得的卵囊大小为4.66μm×5.18μm,与报道的隐孢子虫形态特征相一致;利用PCR技术扩增得到的目的基因大小为377bp,与预期结果相一致。数据统计表明:合肥野生动物园灵长类动物隐孢子虫感染率为16.67%。[结论]合肥野生动物园灵长类动物存在隐孢子虫感染情况,具有感染人畜的潜在风险。  相似文献   

19.
为探讨在不同温度条件下粪便保存不同时间对球虫卵囊成熟力的影响,本实验将含有球虫卵囊的粪便在-20℃、4℃、20℃、28℃分别保存0 h、24 h、48 h、72 h,通过观察卵囊的孢子化率确定最佳保存条件。结果表明:相同保存温度条件下,保存0 h、24 h、48 h、72 h的E.tenella早熟耐药株卵囊的孢子化率依次降低。-20℃和28℃时孢子化率均未达到80%;在4℃时粪便保存24 h的孢子化率达到80%以上,保存48h及以上时孢子化率极显著(P0.01)低于保存24 h的孢子化率;在20℃时的孢子化率均达到80%以上。  相似文献   

20.
Cockroaches and filth-flies have been known to be transport hosts of Toxoplasma gondii but the role of dung beetles as the carrier of coccidian oocysts is not known. We attempted to clarify the role of dung beetles (Onthophagus spp.) as the transport host of feline coccidia including Toxoplasma. Toxoplasma oocysts were found in the feces of the beetles until day 3 after the insects were exposed to cat feces mixed with the oocysts. Furthermore, oocysts on the body surface of beetles were not easily detached but remained infective for a prolonged period of time. Infective dung beetles may contaminate the water with infective oocysts passed in their feces when they dropped into the water. In the field survey feline coccidia, Isospora felis and I. rivolta, were detected in dung beetles collected from dog feces; they play an important role in the transmission of feline coccidian oocysts in the field.  相似文献   

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