番木瓜发酵酸奶的生产工艺

本文对番木瓜发酵酸奶的加工进行了一些研究，对果肉含量及菌种的选择、发酵温度和时间对成品酸度的影响作了一些比较，研制出了热带水果风味的发酵酸奶。     

牛奶味番木瓜品种特性及主要栽培技术

牛奶味番木瓜2010年由台胞庄先生引进。2010-2011年福建省农业科学院果树研究所果园内进行试种，2012—2013年在福清台湾农民创业园及泉州南安、漳州漳浦种植，各地均表现表现丰产稳产，果实大小适中，品质较好。在种植过程中，观察其生物学特性，总结了主要栽培技术。     

番木瓜益源系列品种的生物学特性

自2001年始,搜集原生态番木瓜品种资源共九个。根据市场的需求,从中不断选育出新的品种品系,以益源系列名称前后推出的品种有益源1号、益源2号、益源5号、益源改良1号、益源6号和益源8号。12年来，在广州市、肇庆市、中山市、韶关市、惠州市、河源市和广西贵港、岑溪、滕县等地，至2013年累计推广面积已达1162.3公顷，受到种植户和消费者的好评。现将益源系列品种的生物学特性做较详细的介绍，以使生产者和消费者更好地利用这些品种，也为岭南番木瓜添加新的品种资源。     

番木瓜种子形成与结构的显微研究

首次报道了番木瓜种子的形成与结构，其胚珠倒生，长珠柄，双层珠被，不形成珠孔，合点端存在承珠盘。种子的种皮由外至内包括三部分，即透明的网膜状假种皮、皱褶致密的外种皮和粘稠的内种皮，其中内外种皮的最内侧各有一层褐色和透明状的厚壁细胞，粘稠的内种皮将这两层厚壁细胞粘连为一整体，最后形成坚硬的壳状物。种皮内包含有正常发育的子叶形胚与细胞型胚乳。     

番木瓜长圆型两性花花器官分化的解剖观察

采用石蜡切片技术，观察研究番木瓜长圆开型两性花的花器官发生和分化过程及其与外部形态关系。结果发现，番木瓜两性花的发育方式属于向心式，花部各器官由外向内依次分化发生。发育进程可以分为以下几个阶段:花芽未分化期，花芽分化期，花萼原基分化期，花冠原基分化期，雄蕊原基分化期，雌蕊原基分化期。花芽分化启动的时间非常短，在外部形态直径小于0.4mm左右时，花芽已开始分化。雄蕊的发育早于雌蕊，花粉粒成熟时，大孢子才处于球形胚或心形胚阶段。研究结果为生产上对两性花的花期和花性调控的时间选择提供了理论参考。     

Dried papaya skin as a dietary ingredient for broiler chickens

The chemical composition of dried papaya (Carica papaya) skin (DPS) was determined and its potential as a dietary ingredient for broiler chickens was investigated at dietary concentrations of 0, 40, 80 and 120g/kg. DPS was found to give similar food consumption, food conversion efficiency, survivability and meat yields (except male liver weight) to a control diet when used up to 120 g/kg of diet. Weight gain tended to increase with dietary concentration of DPS up to 80 g/kg. It was concluded that DPS could safely be used up to 120 g/kg in the diet of broiler chickens.     

Use of dried papaya skin in the diet of growing pullets.

1. The chemical composition of dried papaya (Carica papaya) skin (DPS) was determined and the effect of diets containing different concentrations of this ingredient (0, 30, 60 and 90 g/kg) was studied using growing pullets as experimental animals. 2. Crude protein concentration was determined to be 229 g/kg and metabolisable energy content was estimated to be 6.4 MJ/kg. 3. Use of DPS in the diet up to 90 g/kg did not produce any significant difference in weight gain, food intake, food conversion and protein efficiency when compared with birds that received the control diet. 4. Survivability of growing pullets fed on DPS was 100%, as in the control group. 5. It was concluded that DPS can safely be used up to 90 g/kg in the diet of growing pullets.     

不同季节对番木瓜育苗及种子发芽的影响

【目的】迄今生产上番木瓜大多用种子育苗, 在自然条件下发芽率仅为30%-50%,发芽时间约需1个月,从播种到苗木出圃时间需2个月以上,且苗木生长参差不齐,导致管理困难,育苗成本高。【方法】为提高番木瓜的育苗效率,于2015－2017年,借助福建省农业科学院以色列育苗工厂设备设施条件,进行番木瓜在一年中不同季节育苗试验。【结果】结果表明：在设施栽培条件下,春季(温度18－32℃)和秋季(温度20－33℃)发芽率达90%以上,幼苗生长整齐粗壮、根系发达、须根丰富,从播种到苗木出圃时间为40 d ；夏季(温度25－38℃)和冬季(温度10－25℃)发芽率为62%－85%,夏季从播种到苗木出圃时间为 30 d,幼苗生长整齐,但生长细长,主根系发达,但须根较少；冬季从播种到苗木出圃时间为45 d,幼苗生长不整齐,但侧根和须根生长正常。【结论】说明,在设施栽培条件下四季育苗的发芽率均高于在自然条件下春秋两季的发芽率(30%-50%)；设施栽培条件下春秋两季的育苗效率与苗木质量最佳。     

Garlic and papaya lack control over gastrointestinal nematodes in goats and lambs

Gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) continue to hinder small ruminant production because of anthelmintic resistance and lack of effective products for GIN control in organic production. The objective of this study was to examine the effectiveness of a commercially available certified organic garlic product, fresh garlic juice, or garlic bulbs as an anthelmintic to control GIN in goats and papaya seeds for GIN control in lambs. In the first experiment, weaned meat goat kids were administered water or a commercial garlic juice product (n = 7/treatment). In the second experiment, kids were administered water, fresh garlic juice, or fed garlic bulbs (n = 9 or 10/treatment). In a third experiment, lambs were administered nothing or papaya seed in water (n = 12/treatment). Naturally infected goats were supplemented with bermudagrass hay and corn/soybean supplement in the first experiment or maintained on bermudagrass pasture in the second experiment or lambs grazed mixed grasses in the third. Blood and fecal samples were collected on Days 0, 7, and 14 after administration of treatment to examine changes in blood packed cell volume (PCV) and fecal egg counts (FEC). PCV and FEC were similar by Day 14 between kids treated with a commercial garlic juice and water in the first experiment. Similarly, PCV was not different among treatment groups in the second experiment. FEC of the garlic juice group was lower than the other two groups on Day 0, but was similar among groups by Day 14. Deworming was required in one goat within each treatment group by Day 7 and in three kids in the garlic juice group and two in the garlic bulb group by Day 14. No changes in PCV or FEC were apparent in response to papaya seed compared with untreated lambs. Based on the alternative plant products used in this study, garlic or papaya seed is not recommended as an aid to control GIN in goats or lambs.