锦鲤疱疹病毒GY1506株的分离鉴定

对江苏省某养殖场患病鲤鱼进行病毒分离及鉴定。现场采样发现,发病鱼体表黏液增多,眼球凹陷,背鳍和鳃部溃烂。剖检后见肝脏、肾脏、胆囊肿大,肠充血。取病鱼组织匀浆上清接种CCB细胞,14 d后可观察到细胞变圆、脱落、空泡化等典型的细胞病变。采用世界动物卫生组织(OIE)推荐的锦鲤疱疹病毒(KHV)检测引物进行PCR扩增,鳃和肠均能扩增出预期大小的特异性产物。序列分析显示,扩增序列与KHV-J毒株胸苷激酶(TK)基因核苷酸序列同源性为100%。根据TK基因序列建立系统进化树,证实该毒株为KHV亚洲型毒株,命名为KHVGY1506株。     

湖北省羊口疮病毒的分离鉴定

利用MDBK传代细胞系对湖北通山县某羊场疑似羊口疮(Orf)的黑山羊病料进行分离,通过病毒理化特性试验、动物回归试验和PCR等方法对分离的毒株进行鉴定。结果表明,病料悬液接种MDBK细胞后出现细胞病变,接种病料的羊只出现典型的Orf症状,扩增出羊口疮病毒(Orf virus)B2L基因,该毒株与台湾山羊株(EU935106.1、DQ904351.1)相似性最高(均为99%),亲缘关系最近。本研究成功分离鉴定到一株ORFV,命名为ORFV/HB/09。     

猪伪狂犬病病毒变异株GD株的分离鉴定及TK和gE基因的进化分析

为了解猪伪狂犬病病毒(Pseudorabies virus,PRV)流行变异毒株的病原学特性及分子遗传变异特点,本研究从广东省某疑似暴发猪伪狂犬病的猪场采集的病料中分离到一株PRV毒株,命名为GD株。该病毒在PK-15细胞中能够产生典型的PRV细胞病变,病毒滴度可达109.0 TCID50/mL。将病毒感染KM SPF小鼠,接种小鼠在4 d内全部死亡,并且均出现典型的PR症状。序列比对结果显示,PRV GD株的TK和gE基因与国内外PRV参考株的核苷酸同源性分别为99.4%～100%和97.6～99.9%,氨基酸同源性分别为99.4%～100%和95.5%～99.8%。基于gE基因的遗传进化分析发现,PRV GD株与国内近几年分离鉴定的流行变异毒株位于同一分支上。与经典株相比,PRV GD株的gE蛋白氨基酸序列在48和496位均有1个天冬氨酸(D)的插入,符合PRV变异株的典型特征。本研究成功分离到一株PRV变异株,为PRV流行变异毒株的防控和新型疫苗的研究提供一定的科学依据。     

猪伪狂犬病病毒HP-SY2022株的分离鉴定

为了解猪伪狂犬病病毒(Pseudorabies virus,PRV)野毒株的特点,本研究对沈阳某养殖场疑似感染PRV的组织病料进行PCR鉴定、病毒分离和纯化、gD、gE基因序列测定及分析、动物回归实验。结果显示：分离株能在ST细胞中产生典型的细胞病变,且PCR显示为PRV阳性;通过gD、gE基因进行序列分析发现,分离株与2011年后分离的PRV变异株位于同一进化分支;氨基酸位点分析发现分离株与PRV变异株具有相同的变异模式。进一步研究其致病性,将纯化后的病毒液接种PRV抗体阴性21日龄健康仔猪,感染仔猪出现典型的PR症状,如呼吸困难、转圈、流涎和划水动作,且在试验期内仔猪全部发病(5/5),其中4头死亡(4/5)。综上,本研究成功分离到一株PRV变异株,将其命名为HP-SY2022。这一研究为丰富我国PRV分子流行病学及后续的免疫防控提供了参考。     

1株感染洛氏鱥呼肠孤病毒的分离与培养

利用细胞培养技术从养殖发病洛氏鱥中分离出1株病毒,经人工感染试验、电镜观察、核酸基因组SDS-PAGE电泳、RT-PCR检测确认为呼肠孤病毒。人工感染发病的症状与自然发病症状相同;病毒感染可使鲤鱼上皮瘤细胞(EPC)产生典型细胞病变效应,收集细胞上清,负染后电镜下可观察到大小均一,直径约70nm,近球形,无囊膜结构的病毒粒子,初步判断为呼肠孤病毒;病毒基因组SDS-PAGE结果表明,病毒基因组由11个分段的RNA核酸片段组成,为典型的水生呼肠孤病毒核酸带型。病毒基因组S10节段RT-PCR结果表明,有特异性条带,其与GenBank中登录的呼肠孤病毒S10节段(JN206665.1)序列同源性为91%,该分离株应为呼肠孤病毒,本研究首次在洛氏鱥鱼内分离到呼肠孤病毒。     

利用PCR方法检测锦鲤疱疹病毒3个主要靶基因

为建立锦鲤疱疹病毒(KHV)多靶基因PCR检测方法,本实验将KHV接种鲤鱼鳍条细胞,收获病变细胞悬液,提取DNA,根据GenBank中登录的KHV基因序列及出入境检验检疫行业标准推荐的基因(ORF7),设计合成3对特异性引物,针对胸苷激酶基因(TK)、聚合酶基因(Sph)和ORF7基因进行PCR检测.通过优化后的反应体系进行特异性、敏感性试验和样品检测.结果表明:3对引物能够分别特异性扩增出409bp、292 bp和484bp片段;敏感性试验表明对TK基因检测的敏感性高于Sph和ORF7基因,其最低检测量为1.9×106copies/μL;采用优化的3个PCR方法对8个有临床症状的样品进行检测,其中3份样品的3个基因PCR扩增结果均为阳性.因此,本研究选取的3个基因均可用于KHV的检测及确证实验.     

广东珠三角地区犬细小病毒分离与鉴定

为了解珠三角地区犬细小病毒(CPV)的流行情况及研制有效的疫苗,本研究开展了CPV流行病学调查,并将32份疑似CPV感染犬的粪便样品处理后接种F81细胞进行病毒分离,并对分离株进行鉴定。鉴定结果显示:32份样品中有19份样品提取液在F81细胞上可以产生明显的细胞病变;HA效价可达到1∶256。回归动物试验显示分离株可以导致犬出现明显的CPV感染症状,PCR鉴定也进一步确定所分离的病毒为CPV。通过VP2基因同源性分析显示分离株与国内主要的流行基因亚型CPV-2a的同源性达98%以上。     

锦鲤疱疹病毒双基因检测方法的研究

为建立锦鲤疱疹病毒(KHV)双基因检测方法,本研究根据KHV聚合酶基因(Sph)和胸苷激酶基因(TK)的保守序列设计2对引物,建立两基因同时检测的PCR方法.结果表明,利用双基因同时检测KHV,可以同时特异扩增出570 bp和155 bp片段,而与鲤春病毒血症病毒、传染性造血器官坏死病毒和鲤鱼疱疹病毒无扩增反应.而且所建立的双基因检测方法对临床样品的检测结果与单一PCR方法比较符合率为100％.为进一步研究KHV以及诊断方法奠定了基础.     

一种从鸭新分离的黄病毒研究初报

从以产蛋下降为主的樱桃谷种鸭以及出现神经症状的雏鸭各分离出1株病毒,分别命名为BZ株和LC株.该2株病毒对SPF鸡胚和健康鸭胚均能产生相同的病变,分离病毒不能凝集鸡、鸭、鹅、鸽等的红细胞,在鸭胚成纤维细胞(DEF)能够产生典型的细胞病变(CPE),电镜下观察到约50 nm的病毒粒子.病理组织学研究表明,二者在临床上均可导致脑组织危害,表现为脑膜水肿、血管充血和皮质层神经胶质细胞增生等.血清学检测表明,分离病毒与禽流感病毒(AIV)、鸭瘟病毒(DEV)、新城疫病毒(NDV)等病原无交叉.生物学特性鉴定该病原为有囊膜单股RNA病毒.利用不同禽病的特异性引物分别进行PCR或RT-PCR,均未扩增出特异条带.设计随机引物进行RT-PCR,扩增出基因片段,利用GenBank进行Blast同源比较,结果发现,分离病毒与以色列火鸡脑膜脑炎病毒(Israelturkey meningo-encephlitis virus,TMEV)和在马来西亚发现的Tembumu病毒至少在2段基因上具有较高的同源性,属于黄病毒属.测序表明,分离病毒与Tembumu病毒的非结构蛋白(NS5基因)和囊膜蛋白(E基因)的核苷酸同源性为86.7%～90.2%和87.0%～91.8%,与TMEV的NS5基因和E基因的同源性为72.4%～73.2%和72.7%～72.8%.2分离株之间E基因和NS5基因的核苷酸同源性均为99.5%.血清中和试验表明,BZ株阳性血清可以中和LC病毒,因此证实二者可能是同一种病毒.综合以上研究,建议将该病命名为"鸭病毒性脑炎"(Duck viral encephalitis disease).     

广东地区8株鹅源基因Ⅻ型新城疫病毒F蛋白基因遗传进化分析

为了解当前广东地区鹅群新城疫病毒(NDV)遗传进化情况,本研究从广东养殖病死鹅组织样品中分离鉴定获得8株NDV,对分离株的F蛋白基因进行核苷酸及氨基酸序列分析。8株分离病毒之间F蛋白基因同源性较高,为96.3%-99.9%,但与当前国内NDV优势流行株及疫苗株同源性均较低。遗传进化分析结果显示所有新分离株均属于Ⅻ型NDVⅫb亚型分支,而当前国内NDV的优势流行株及常用疫苗株均属于Ⅶd亚型分支。氨基酸序列分析结果显示,本研究分离株F蛋白裂解位点氨基酸序列均为~(112)K/RRQKR/F~(117),符合强毒株分子特征;与基因Ⅶ型代表株NDV/ZJ1相比,新分离株F蛋白B细胞中和抗原表位均出现D~(170)N变异;而与2010年～2011年报道的广东Ⅻb亚型分离株相比,新分离株F蛋白疏水区、七肽重复序列等区域均出现氨基酸的变异。综上所述,本研究分离鉴定的8株鹅源NDV的F基因均属于Ⅻb亚型,与Ⅶd亚型流行株及常用疫苗株F基因同源性较低,且其多个氨基酸关键位点存在变异。本研究在国内首次从病死鹅体内分离到基因Ⅻ型NDV,为进一步了解基因Ⅻ型NDV在广东地区水禽中的流行、病原进化以及疫苗株更新提供参考。     

Generation of monoclonal antibodies specific for ORF68 of koi herpesvirus

Outbreaks of koi herpesvirus (KHV) infection in carp are still a serious problem worldwide. KHV is closely related to other two cyprinid herpesviruses, pox herpesvirus (CHV) and haematopoietic necrosis herpesvirus (CyHV-2) in goldfish. In this study, two major KHV antigenic proteins (ORF62 and ORF68) were identified by immunoscreening using a KHV-specific polyclonal antibody, and then monoclonal antibodies were generated for immunodiagnostic studies. After screening hybridoma cells, one mAb against ORF68 (mAb-7C6) was obtained but no mAbs against ORF62. mAb-7C6 specifically reacted with a lysate of KHV-infected koi fin cells (KF-1 cells) but not with lysates of CHV- or CyHV-2-infected KF-1 cells in an immuno-blotting analysis. Similar results were shown in the following tests: (1) a indirect fluorescent antibody test using infected KF-1 cells and (2) an immunohistochemical investigation by fast red stain (infected liver) or FITC detection (infected spleen). These results suggested that mAb-7C6 specifically reacts with KHV ORF68 protein.     

Detection and sequence analysis of DNA polymerase and major envelope protein genes in koi herpesviruses derived from Cyprinus carpio in Gunma prefecture, Japan

Koi herpesvirus (KHV), which is believed to be an emerging virus, causes fatal diseases in carps. Since the 1990s, the presence of KHV has been confirmed in several countries. In Japan, from 2003 to 2004, large outbreaks of KHV infection in farmed carps resulted in the death of numerous fishes. From April to May 2004, we collected 43 dead or dying carps exhibiting typical symptoms of KHV infection in Gunma prefecture. To conduct a molecular epidemiologic study of KHV in our prefecture, we amplified DNA polymerase and the major envelope protein genes of KHV derived from carp gills using newly designed primers. We also performed sequence analysis of both genes of KHV. Sensitivity of our PCR method for amplification of DNA polymerase and the major envelope protein genes of KHV was 3 x 10(2) (100 fg) and 3 x 10(3) (1000 fg) copies of KHV genome, respectively. We detected both DNA polymerase and major envelope protein genes in 37 of 43 carps (86%). No mutation was found in both the genes sequenced from 11 strains, which included two foreign strains and one domestic strain. The results suggested that KHV strains derived from carps in our prefecture were closely related genetically to the other KHV strains.     

养殖锦鲤鲤鱼浮肿病的检测与鉴定

北京房山某锦鲤养殖场锦鲤发生大量死亡,患病锦鲤呈烂鳃、肾脏糜烂、身体浮肿;症状类似锦鲤疱疹病毒（koi herpes virus,KHV）感染,但经PCR检测排除了KHV感染。为进一步确定病原,对发病鱼进行了临床症状观察、病毒分离、细菌分离培养、病鱼组织超薄切片电镜观察和PCR扩增等检测。通过病鱼组织超薄切片电镜观察,在肾脏内可见200 nm×400 nm的痘病毒样颗粒。抽提病毒核酸后,用已知的鲤鱼浮肿病毒（carp edema virus,CEV）的保守序列设计2对引物进行PCR扩增,扩增出548和180 bp片段,测序结果和GenBank公布的CEV H504株序列完全一致。根据发病鱼临床症状和实验室检测结果,最终确定该病为CEV引起的鲤鱼浮肿病。这是在中国首次发现的鲤鱼浮肿病。     

Testing and Identification of Carp Edema Virus Disease in Cultured Koi

An acute infectious diseases occurred in a koi farm in Fangshan district, Beijing, and it resulted in mortalities of more than 50%.The main symptoms of sick koi were gills necrosis, kidney erosion and edema,which were similar to the clinical signs of koi herpes virus disease (KHVD).But PCR tests showed negative results for KHV. For further diagnosis, bacterial cultures, transmission electron microscopy studies, virus isolation and PCR tests were used. Electron microscopic observation revealed pox virus particles having a size of about 200 nm×400 nm in the kidney. 548 and 180 bp fragments were amplified from organs of sick koi by PCR method using specific primers of carp edema virus (CEV). The fragments were sequenced and analysed. The results showed that they were shared 100% nucleotide identity with CEV-H504. All the results indicated that this disease was carp edema virus disease, caused by a kind of pox virus, CEV. This was the first report on the CEV of cultured koi in China.     

多重PCR方法检测锦鲤疱疹病毒基因

根据对已报道的PCR检测方法灵敏性评价,以常用KHV病毒PCR检测的目的基因KHVSphI片段(AY568590)、KHV5/9(AF411803)和KHVTK基因(AJ535112)作为靶基因,设计并选择3对特异性引物建立的多重PCR检测体系用于KHV病毒多基因的检测。本研究建立的多重PCR体系具有较高的特异性,能够特异性扩增出KHVSphI片段290bp、KHV5/9片段484bp和KHVTK基因片段409bp,对锦鲤和鲤鱼的另外一种病毒性病原鲤春毒血症病毒检测结果为阴性。多重KHV病毒PCR体系检测KHVSphI、KHV5/9和KHVTK基因片段单一模板的检测下限分别为:10fg、100fg和100fg,在相同模板浓度的情况下,KHVSphI、KHV5/9和KHVTK基因片段同时被检出的检测下限为100fg。对KHV病毒感染组织的检测结果表明,多重KHV病毒PCR检测结果与常规PCR检测结果基本吻合,在多重PCR检测体系中KHVTK基因片段检测的灵敏度高于检验检疫行业标准方法。结果表明,多重KHV病毒PCR检测方法能够快速、准确和灵敏地检测KHV病毒基因。     

Protection against atypical Aeromonas salmonicida infection in common carp, Cyprinus carpio L., by oral administration of a mixed microbial culture of Lactobacillus paracasei, Pichia membranifaciens and Saccharomyces cereviciae

A microbial culture was prepared by co-cultivation of Lactobacillus paracasei, Pichia membranifaciens and Saccharomyces cereviciae for 48 hr at 30°C in rice bran extract medium, supplemented with dextrose. Oral administration of the resulting non-viable heat-inactivated microbial culture to common carp, Cyprinus carpio L., delivered in feed for four weeks, induced effective protection against experimental atypical Aeromonas salmonicida infection which causes "ulcer disease". After challenge of the carp by immersion, fish mortality and development of skin lesions such as hemorrhages and ulcers were significantly suppressed in carp treated with mixed microbial culture adsorbed on dry pellets relative to carp treated with medium or without extract. Atypical A. salmonicida was re-isolated from ulcerative lesions in parts of dead and surviving fish, but Aeromonas hydrophila and Flavobacterium sp. were also isolated from these fish, verifying microbial population changes during the progression of skin lesions. Among interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α, as well as CXC-α and CXC-β chemokines, gene expression of IL-1β was up regulated in the spleen and head kidney three weeks after administration of the mixed microbial culture. These results clearly show that this mixed microbial culture, delivered in feed, is effective in preventing A. salmonicida disease in carp.     

Emergence of fatal European genotype CyHV-3/KHV in mainland China

Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3), also known as koi herpesvirus (KHV), is a highly infectious causative agent to common carp and koi worldwide. The virus is mainly consisted of European and Asian genotype isolates. To date, no European genotype CyHV-3 has been found emerging in the East and Southeast Asian regions. In late March 2011, an outbreak of CyHV-3 disease occurred in Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China, resulting in the deaths of approximately 200 large-sized adult koi within four weeks. One moribund koi was sampled for CyHV-3 isolation. Thus, a CyHV-3 was isolated in KCF-1 cells and designated as KHV-GZ11. Abundant mature or immature virions in infected KCF-1 cells were observed under a transmission electron micrograph. In addition, intra-nuclear inclusion body-like structures with masses of virions were also observed. Based on the TK and ORF136H genes, the sequence analyses revealed that KHV-GZ11 is a distinct European genotype of CyHV-3. Moreover, the infectivity experiment showed that KHV-GZ11 was highly virulent to koi. In summary, we are the first to confirm the emergence of fatal European genotype CyHV-3/KHV in East and Southeast Asia. Our study will provide new insight to explore the virus origin and epidemiology, as well as its pathogenicity.     

锦鲤疱疹病毒双重PCR检测方法的研究

为了快速确诊锦鲤疱疹病毒(koi herpesvirus,KHV),本试验建立了KHV双重PCR检测方法。根据锦鲤疱疹病毒的SphⅠ-5基因和胸腺嘧啶脱氧核苷激酶(thymidine kinase,TK)基因设计特异性引物,优化反应条件,建立了KHV双重PCR检测方法。结果表明,建立的方法简单、灵敏、准确,一个反应体系可同时扩增292 bp和410 bp两个基因片段,可有效用于KHV的检测。