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1.
用高效液相色谱(high performance liquid chromatography,HPLC)法测定家兔腿肌、心、肝、肾等组织中土霉素、四环素残留量。用Hyper-sil BDS为色谱柱,以乙睛-3%冰乙酸水溶液(30∶70)为流动相,检测波长为350nm,柱温:30℃。土霉素、四环素标准品浓度在8.2~262.5μg/mL范围内线性关系良好,土霉素线性方程为Y=19392.82X-22.90,r=0.99948;四环素线性方程为Y=14089.84X-33.34,r=0.99888。家兔肝脏的土霉素加样回收率平均为89.1%,RSD=2.03%;四环素加样回收率平均为91.1%,RSD=2.22%。HPLC法准确可靠,为监控无土霉素、四环素残留兔产品提供安全、方便的检测手段。  相似文献   

2.
建立高效液相色谱检测方法测定鸡肉中土霉素、四环素和金霉素的残留。应用建立的高效液相色谱方法对来自2个鸡场的12羽乌骨鸡的胸肌、腿肌进行测定。结果表明样品中的土霉素、四环素和金霉素的标准曲线有良好的线性关系,相关系数R20.99;土霉素、四环素和金霉素的最低检出限分别为20μg·kg~(-1)、20μg·kg~(-1)、100μg·kg~(-1),加标回收率为84.33%~107%。结论建立一种鸡肉中四环素类兽药残留高效液相色谱检测方法,待检样品中未检测出四环素类兽药残留,表明2个鸡场严格执行抗生素使用。  相似文献   

3.
根据国际标准方法,用高效液相色谱仪在色谱ODS-C18(5μm)4.6mm×15cm,检测波长355nm,柱温为室温,流速为0.8mL/min,进样量为10μL,流动相为乙晴/0.01mol/L磷酸二氢钠溶液[用30%(V/V)硝酸溶液调节pH至2.7],35∶65(V/V),使用前用超声波脱气10min的条件下,对阿拉尔市市场销售的猪肝脏中土霉素、四环素、金霉素等药物的残留量进行监测。结果显示,3个销售点猪肝中的土霉素残留量检测均为阳性;某场销售点猪肝中的四环素、金霉素残留量检测为阳性。  相似文献   

4.
建立了高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定畜禽肉与牛奶中土霉素、四环素、去甲基金霉素、金霉素和强力霉素的残留量。样品用乙腈和0.1mol/L Na2EDTA-Mcllvaine缓冲液提取,HLIB固相萃取小柱净化,采用高效液相色谱分离,二极管阵列检测器(PDA)检测,外标法定量。结果表明:标准校准曲线在30~1 000 ng/mL的范围内呈良好线性关系,相关系数r>0.99。样品中土霉素、四环素、去甲基金霉素、金霉素和强力霉素的添加水平分别为0.05、0.1、和0.2 mg/L时,样品加标回收率为71.5%~88.3%,变异系数在2.6~8.3之间。本法简便、快速、定量准确、精密度高,适用于畜禽肉中四环素族抗生素残留量的检测。同时稳定性试验表明,畜禽肉与牛奶中土霉素、四环素、去甲基金霉素、金霉素和强力霉素随着放置时间的延长,药物明显地消解。  相似文献   

5.
本文以液相色谱-串联质谱法检测牛奶中的四环素类药物残留,试料中残留的四环素、土霉素、金霉素和多西环素经Mcllvaine-Na2EDTA缓冲液提取,HLB柱净化。用液相色谱-串联质谱法测定,外标法定量。经实验,制得10、20、50、100、200、500 ng/m L的系列标液。以系列标液浓度为横坐标,对应峰面积为纵坐标进行线性回归,四环素、土霉素、金霉素和多西环素在10~500 ng/m L范围内呈现良好的线性关系,R2均大于0.990。四环素、土霉素、金霉素和多西环素在牛奶中的检测限为5 ng/g,定量限为10 ng/g。在10~200 ng/g添加浓度的回收率为70%~120%。批内变异系数≤20%,批间变异系数≤20%。  相似文献   

6.
牛奶中土霉素、金霉素的残留分析方法研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
运用反相高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测器建立了牛奶中土霉素、金霉素的残留分析方法。柱子采用Waters Nova-park C18柱(4μm,3·9mm i·d·×150mm),以体积比为68∶12∶20的0·01mol/L草酸溶液-乙腈-甲醇作为流动相,流速为1·0mL/min,柱温为30℃,检测波长为360nm,在上述色谱条件下,土霉素、金霉素在10min内得到了有效的分离和检测。建立的方法简便、快捷、线性范围宽,可用于牛奶中土霉素、金霉素的残留量分析。  相似文献   

7.
正对2015年平顶山地区猪肉中四环素类药物残留检测表明,285份样品中土霉素、四环素、金霉素、强力霉素的检出率分别为1.05%、0、0和3.86%,土霉素和强力霉素的最大残留量分别为71.50μg/kg和85.80μg/kg,平顶山地区猪肉中存在四环素类药物的残留,但残留量小于国家规定的限量标准。兽药在降低畜禽发病率与死亡率,提高畜禽养殖经济效益  相似文献   

8.
四环素类药物属于抗生素类药物,长期使用会使细菌产生耐药性,而且也会残留到动物的肌肉组织中。人在食用这种含有四环素类药物残留的食品后,会出现过敏反应。文章以高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测饲料中的四环素、土霉素、金霉素、多西环素,饲料中的四环素、土霉素、金霉素和多西环素经EDTA缓冲液提取,HLB柱净化,用液相色谱-串联质谱法测定,外标法定量。经试验:标准曲线浓度在10~500ng/mL范围内呈现良好的线性关系,标准曲线相关系数r值均大于0.990;方法的检测限为20μg/kg,方法的定量限为50μg/kg;回收率均≥80%,批内RSD≤13.8%,批间RSD≤10.8%。  相似文献   

9.
为了解湖南省永州市猪肉中四环素类药物的残留情况,分批随机采集永州市八个县区超市、农贸市场和生猪屠宰场的猪肉样品200份,采用高效液相色谱法进行土霉素、四环素和金霉素等四环素类药物残留的分析监测。抽检八个县区中冷水滩、零陵、祁阳和东安四个县区被检出四环素类药物的残留,其检测出的残留量均超过国家规定的四环素类药物最大残留限量0.1μg/g(或100μg/kg),在200个样品中有9个样品含有被测的四环素类药物成分,占被调查样品的4.5%。这表明当地生猪养殖过程存在滥用四环素类药物的现象,从而造成猪肉的四环素类药物残留。  相似文献   

10.
为了初步弄清安阳市鸡肉组织四环素类兽药残留情况,本次研究应用液相色谱质谱法对该地区收集鸡肉组织进行兽药残留检测。结果显示,被检测的220份肌肉样品中四环素、土霉素、金霉素和强力霉素的检出率分别为0.91%、0、1.82%和1.36%,其中四环素、金霉素和强力霉素最大残留量分别为43.25ug/kg、52.0ug/kg和37.50ug/kg。结果说明抽检的安阳市鸡肉中存在四环素类兽药残留,其药残含量低于国家和农业部行业标准,但仍需引起养殖户和相关检疫部门的警惕。  相似文献   

11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。  相似文献   

12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.  相似文献   

13.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

14.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

15.
16.
The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma.  相似文献   

17.
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

18.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.  相似文献   

19.
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.  相似文献   

20.
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.  相似文献   

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