猪源多杀性巴氏杆菌的生物学鉴定与荚膜PCR分型

从表现猪萎缩性鼻炎临床症状的猪群中分离出13株多杀性巴氏杆菌(Pasteurella multocida,Pm),采用Pm种特异性的KMT1-KMT2引物进行PCR扩增,结果与传统的生化反应鉴定完全一致。基于对甘露醇、卫茅醇、山梨醇、海藻糖的发酵能力和产生鸟氨酸脱羧酶的特性,Q_1、Q_3、Q_6、Q_7、Q_(10)、Q_(13)和C_(48-1)鉴定为Pm多杀亚种(Pm subsp.multocida);Q_2、Q_4、Q_5、Q_8、Q_9、Q_(11)、Q_(12)鉴定为Pm败血亚种(Pm subsp.septica)。对13株Pm分离物采用A型、B型和D型引物进行PCR扩增,8株鉴定为A血清型(61.5%);5株鉴定为D血清型(38.5%);没有发现B血清型的菌株。同时对金黄色葡萄球菌抑制试验、中性吖啶黄沉淀试验与荚膜PCR分型的相关性进行了讨论。     

猪源多杀性巴氏杆菌的生物学特性与ToxA基因鉴定

对17株分离自猪萎缩性鼻炎临床症状猪群的多杀性巴氏杆菌(Pasteurella multocida,Pm),进行了生物学特性试验与ToxA基因鉴定。基于Pm对甘露醇、卫茅醇、山梨醇、海藻糖的发酵能力和产生鸟氨酸脱羧酶的特性,鉴定出10株Pm多杀亚种(P.multocidasubsp.multocida);7株Pm败血亚种(P.multocidasubsp.septica)。根据PCR荚膜分型结果,有8株A型,9株D型。针对ToxA基因中的1 230 bp片段,采用T1/T4引物,4株Pm分离菌株被确定为产毒多杀性巴氏杆菌(ToxingenicP.multocida,T+Pm),占23.53%(4/17)。同时对17株Pm分离株进行药物抗性测定和分析得知,17株Pm对青霉素、先锋霉素Ⅴ、卡那霉素、庆大霉素、丙氟哌酸、氟哌酸、多黏菌素B和利福平的敏感率均在52.9%~100%,而对链霉素和氯洁霉素均不太敏感。     

产毒多杀性巴氏杆菌的生物学试验与ToxA基因鉴定

本试验基于T＋Pm产生皮肤坏死毒素的生物学活性，采用豚鼠皮肤坏死试验检测Pm分离物所产毒素的特征并进行病理组织学观察；针对猪萎缩性鼻炎Pm菌株的toxA基因选择不同引物，鉴别T＋Pm与T—Pm分离物。针对ToxA基因中的1230bp片段，将分离自有萎缩性鼻炎临床症状猪群的17株多杀性巴氏杆菌（Pasteurellamultocida，Pro）进行PCR扩增，其中4株Pm分离菌株确定为产毒多杀性巴氏杆菌（ToxingenicPasteurellamultoci da，T＋Pm），占23．53％（4／17）。本试验丰富了猪源多杀性巴氏杆菌的基因资源，在猪萎缩性鼻炎的诊断、防制和净化上具有应用价值。     

猪多杀性巴氏杆菌PCR检测方法的建立及应用

设计了一对用以检测猪多杀性巴氏杆菌的引物。对临床送检的有肺炎症状或萎缩性鼻炎症状的发病猪的病料进行细菌培养，然后挑菌做PCR，同时对可疑菌落纯化培养后做生化鉴定。结果，从不同省(市)送检的病料中分离鉴定出66株多杀性巴氏杆菌，PCR检测结果与生化鉴定结果完全符合；该引物对其他6种猪的常见呼吸道病原菌扩增均为阴性；该PCR检测方法能检测出cfu为10^3的巴氏杆菌模板。     

猪多杀性巴氏杆菌PCR检测方法的建立及其应用

设计了1对用以检测猪多杀性巴氏杆菌的引物。对临床送检的有肺炎症状或萎缩性鼻炎症状的发病猪的病料进行细菌培养．然后挑菌做PCR，同时对可疑菌落纯化培养后做生化鉴定。结果，从不同省(市)的送检病料中分离鉴定出66株多杀性巴氏杆菌，PCR检测结果与生化鉴定结果完全符合；该引物对其他6种猪的常见呼吸道病原菌的扩增结果均为阴性；该PCR检测方法能检出CFU为10^3／mL的巴氏杆菌模板。     

猪源D型产毒素多杀性巴氏杆菌toxA基因的克隆与表达

皮肤坏死毒素（Dermonecrotic toxin，DNT）是产毒素多杀性巴氏杆菌（Toxigenic Pasteurella multocida，T^＋Pm）的主要毒力因子和保护性抗原。以猪源D型T^＋Pm的基因组DNA为模板，用PCR方法扩增得到了编码DNT的toxA全基因编码序列，共4019bp。将其克隆到pMD18-T载体并测序，结果表明，toxA基因序列与GenBank已报道的5个toxA基因序列的同源性达99．8％以上。将该基因亚克隆到原核表达载体pGEX-KG的GST基因下游，转化BL21（DE3）大肠杆菌，经IPTG诱导表达，获得大小约173000的融合蛋白。Western blot结果表明，该融合蛋白具有良好的反应原性。动物试验表明，该重组蛋白可以诱导小鼠产生高水平的抗体，并可抵抗致死剂量的天然DNT毒素攻击。     

拉萨地区羊多杀性巴氏杆菌的分离鉴定及基因型分析

为了掌握拉萨地区羊多杀性巴氏杆菌(Pasteurella multocida,Pm)的感染情况和主要流行基因型,试验采用细菌分离培养、生化试验、PCR鉴定、药敏试验等方法对2018-2020年采自于拉萨地区的36份临床病料样品进行了Pm的分离鉴定,同时分析了其荚膜和脂多糖基因型.结果 表明:纯化菌落经革兰氏染色可见革兰...     

禽霍乱巴氏杆菌的分离鉴定及基因分型

为确定疑似禽霍乱病例病原种类及其病原基因型,本研究采用细菌分离技术对病原菌进行实验室分离培养,应用传统方法和分子生物学方法对分离细菌进行鉴定,并应用PCR扩增和基因序列分析对分离细菌进行基因分型。结果显示,分离菌具有多杀性巴氏杆菌（Pasteurella multocida,Pm）典型培养特征,菌落形态和菌体染色特征、生理生化特性均与多杀性巴氏杆菌相符;PCR扩增到457 bp的基因片段。采用5对分型引物对分离菌进行基因分型显示,仅有A型引物扩增到大小1 050 bp的目的基因片段,序列分析也显示分离菌荚膜基因与A型多杀性巴氏杆菌参考菌株荚膜特异性基因同源性高达97.6%~100.0%,系统进化与A型多杀性巴氏杆菌处于同一进化分支。结果表明,疑似禽霍乱病例病原为A型多杀性巴氏杆菌,本研究结果将为禽霍乱的防控提供参考资料。     

猪萎缩性鼻炎病原的分离鉴定及其毒素检测

猪萎缩性鼻炎在我区猪场时有发生,给养猪业造成较大的危害,为了解我区猪萎鼻的流行情况,从我区的5个规模化猪场采集了266份断奶仔猪的鼻拭子,用常规的细菌分离方法与生化鉴定得到80株多杀性巴性氏杆菌.药敏试验结果表明这些菌株对大多数抗生素中度敏感.用豚鼠皮肤坏死试检、小鼠致死试验及PCR检测确定80株中有9株为产毒素多杀性巴氏杆菌,亦即为猪萎缩性鼻炎的病原菌.     

2017年我国猪源多杀性巴氏杆菌的分离鉴定及耐药性分析

为了解2017年我国猪源多杀性巴氏杆菌（Pasteurella multocida, Pm）的流行情况及其耐药情况，利用细菌分离培养和PCR方法分离鉴定Pm，对其荚膜血清型、地区分布和感染方式进行调查，并采用纸片法测定分离株对20种抗菌药物的敏感性。结果显示，从全国6288份临床病料中分离并鉴定出236株Pm，总分离率为3.75%。随机选取55株进行血清型分型，其中A型25株，D型27株，F型1株，未定型2株；分离率最高的省份为广东省（4.97%），其次是河南省（3.69%）和湖北省（3.25%）；感染模式中，Pm单纯感染占比42.80%，混合感染占比57.2%，最常与链球菌和副猪嗜血杆菌共感染，比例分别为28.81%和12.29%。耐药性试验显示，Pm对强力霉素的耐药率高达83.64%，对卡那霉素、庆大霉素、链霉素和阿米卡星等氨基糖苷类药物的耐药率为43.64%～52.73%，对多粘菌素B和氧氟沙星最敏感（耐药率均为1.82%）。本研究表明我国猪群中Pm流行的主要血清型仍然是A型和D型，临床上Pm与其他细菌发生混合感染的情况普遍存在，并且对多种抗生素产生了耐药性。     

猪多杀性巴氏杆菌的分离鉴定和药敏试验

为了对河南省猪高热综合征发生期间多杀性巴氏杆菌引起的感染有全面了解,从2006-2010年河南省发生猪高热综合征的245家规模化猪场568份病料中分离革兰氏阴性小球杆菌,通过培养特性试验、生化试验和PCR试验分离鉴定到35株。对分离菌进行毒力和药敏试验,结果显示所分离的猪多杀性巴氏杆菌对小鼠均有毒力,对头孢噻呋、头孢噻肟、环丙沙星、氟苯尼考敏感。     

猪源链球菌的分离鉴定及生物学特性研究

通过生化试验、药敏试验、PCR分型、毒力基因的PCR检测及动物试验对分离的猪源链球菌进行药物敏感性、血清型和分子流行病学初步研究。从不同省份猪链球菌病疑似病例猪的心血、肝、淋巴结、脑和关节液组织分离出97株链球菌,药敏试验结果表明各菌株对13种抗菌素的耐药谱不同,但对先锋霉素V和环丙沙星的耐药率均低于5%。通过对分离菌株进行PCR鉴定和分型,确认26株为猪链球菌,其中1株为1型,16株为2型,4株为7型,没有9型,另5株为其它型。进一步对1型、2型和7型猪链球菌mrp、epf和sly3种毒力基因的分布情况进行了PCR检测。动物试验表明能100%致死小白鼠的猪链球菌基因型均为epf^＋mrp^＋sly^＋2型猪链球菌,1株2型和1株7型猪链球菌均能复制出典型的猪链球菌病例。     

PCR detection and analysis of Pasteurella multocida from the tonsils of slaughtered pigs in Vietnam

A total of 36 tonsil swab samples were collected from healthy swine prior to slaughter at the abattoirs in Can tho and Tien giang provinces of Southern Vietnam. The presence of Pasteurella multocida in these samples was detected by the combination of direct cultivation and isolation, mouse inoculation and the polymerase chain reaction (PM-PCR). P. multocida was detected in 16 samples by PCR, with 17 strains ultimately isolated. All samples were negative for serogroup B by HSB-PCR and conventional serotyping, with isolates identified as A:3, D:1 or D:3. In addition, all samples were determined to be negative for the P. multocida toxin (PMT). Characterisation of isolated P. multocida by REP-PCR and biotyping revealed nine distinct REP profiles and seven biotypes among the 17 isolates. Some correlation was seen with P. multocida isolated from a previous Australian outbreak of acute swine pasteurellosis, and those isolated from fowl cholera outbreaks in Vietnamese poultry.     

Random amplification of polymorphic DNA and phenotypic typing of Zimbabwean isolates of Pasteurella multocida

Eighty-one isolates presumptively identified as Pasteurella multocida from a variety of diseases in animals in Zimbabwe were subjected to biochemical characterization, capsular typing and RAPD analysis. The majority of isolates (over 80%) were assigned into named taxa and were predominantly P. multocida subsp. multocida and P. multocida subsp. septica, whilst the remainder were unassigned. Serogroup A was predominant among the three capsular types (A, B and D) of P. multocida detected. Three main RAPD clusters and three subclusters were observed among the majority of isolates (93.8%), whilst the remainder was found to be weakly related. Nine different groups of strains with similar RAPD profiles (100% similarity) were also observed. The reference strain of capsular serogroup F clustered with the reference strain of P. multocida subsp. septica, whilst all other serogroups clustered with reference strains of subsp. multocida and gallicida. Notably, serogroups A and D were observed to be closely related to the reference strain of subsp. multocida. The relationship between biotype, capsular type, host origin and disease manifestation was not clear-cut. However, most pig isolates of subsp. multocida clustered together as did most cattle isolates of subsp. multocida. RAPD tended to separate subsp. multocida from septica.     

Study of the toxin-producing ability of Pasteurella multocida in mice

Cell-free sonicated extracts and broth cultures of Pasteurella multocida strains of pig origin were examined for their lienotoxicity in mice. P. multocida strains represented capsular types A and D with or without dermonecrotoxic (DNT) activity in the guinea pig skin test. Mouse lienotoxicity test was suitable for determining the toxigenicity of P. multocida strains only when bacterium-free extracts were tested. In that case both toxigenic type A and D strains were lethal to intravenously inoculated mice and caused a remarkable reduction in spleen mass when sublethal doses were used. The extracts of atoxic strains were not lethal and induced splenic hyperplasia. By testing viable cells no correlation was demonstrable between toxin production and virulence of P. multocida to mice. In one experiment the concentrated sterile culture fluids of a toxigenic type D P. multocida and a toxigenic B. bronchiseptica strain were compared. The former caused deaths and splenic atrophy among mice, while the latter was nontoxic and induced slight hyperplasia of the spleen. This fact indicates that P. multocida secretes its toxin into the culture fluid.     

An experimental mouse model of progressive atrophic rhinitis of swine

Pasteurella multocida is responsible for a variety of diseases of veterinary importance, including the pig disease progressive atrophic rhinitis (PAR). The feasibility of using the mouse as an experimental model of PAR was evaluated. We experimentally infected the upper respiratory tract of immature mice with a pig isolate of P. multocida that produces the toxin responsible for causing the nasal lesions characteristic of PAR. We tracked the health status and weight gain of these mice for one month following infection, after which the mice were killed and the integrity of the nasal turbinates was examined. Mice infected with P. multocida appeared healthy throughout the study, although the growth rate of these mice was reduced significantly compared with non-infected control animals. Infected animals also demonstrated marked nasal atrophy analogous to that seen in naturally occurring PAR of swine, with shortening and thinning of the turbinate scrolls and inflammatory cell involvement. The mouse therefore provides a convenient model for the further investigation of PAR of swine.     

应用巢氏PCR方法快速检测猪鼻拭子样品中产毒素多杀性巴氏杆菌

根据产毒素多杀性巴氏杆菌的toxA基因序列,设计了2对特异性引物,扩增的片段大小分别为864和447 bp,从而建立了一种能直接从猪鼻拭子中快速检测产毒素多杀性巴氏杆菌的巢氏PCR方法。该方法能检出26CFU菌量以上的模板DNA,且不能从猪的其它7种常见病原菌扩增到特异性条带。通过对5个不同地区阳性猪群中采集的146份临床鼻拭子样品进行巢氏PCR检测和细菌分离鉴定,结果2种方法同时为阳性的样品有44份,同时为阴性的样品有97份,另有5份样品只有巢氏PCR检测为阳性,巢氏PCR检测与细菌分离鉴定的符合率为96.58%。试验表明:巢氏PCR方法能快速、灵敏地从猪鼻拭子样品中检出产毒素多杀性巴氏杆菌,适合临床进行大规模病原学检测,具有良好的应用前景。     

Molecular Variability among Strains of Pasteurella multocida Isolated from an Outbreak of Haemorrhagic Septicaemia in India

The applicability of conventional and molecular methods for rapid detection and differentiation of Pasteurella multocida serogroup B isolates involved in an outbreak of haemorrhagic septicaemia affecting Indian buffaloes, was studied. Five isolates were obtained and were subjected to phenotypic and genotypic characterization. None of the five isolates could be differentiated on the basis of cultural, biochemical, pathogenicity and antimicrobial sensitivity patterns. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based techniques were found to be specific and sensitive for rapid detection and differentiation of isolates. Repetitive extragenic palindromic (REP-) PCR, enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC-) PCR and single-primer PCR differentiated all the five isolates into different profiles. All the isolates involved in the outbreak were found to have a genetic profile different from standard P. multocida strain (P52). However, three isolates had similar profiles, whereas each of the remaining two had a different profile. The study indicates the involvement of multiple strains of P. multocida in a single outbreak of haemorrhagic septicaemia in buffaloes. The results also indicate that molecular methods of detection and typing are superior to conventional methods for rapid epidemiological investigations of haemorrhagic septicaemia.     

产毒素多杀性巴氏杆菌的鉴定

采用菌落多重PCR方法对分离保存的28株多杀性巴氏杆菌进行种型和毒素基因的检测,结果表明,菌株C51-6、M-4和P-2237为产毒素多杀性巴氏杆菌,菌株C51-6和P-2237为荚膜血清D型,菌株M-4为荚膜血清A型。同时用金黄色葡萄球菌抑制试验、中性吖啶黄沉淀试验和豚鼠皮肤坏死试验对PCR方法进行了验证。基于对甘露醇、卫茅醇、山梨醇、海藻糖的发酵能力和产生鸟氨酸脱羧酶的特性,3株菌株鉴定为多杀性巴氏杆菌多杀亚种。