我国2000～2001年J亚群禽白血病病毒分离株gp85基因的序列比较

以相当于J亚群禽白血病病毒（ALV-J）原型株HPRS-103基因组碱基#5394-#5416及#7811-#7794的1对引物对PCR，在2000-2001年从山东，河南和宁夏分离的8株ALV-J中，有6株可以扩增出含gp85基因的2.2kb左右的特异性片段，对其中5株的扩增片段做了序列分析，结果表明，这5个毒株的囊膜糖蛋白gp85与原型株hprs-103有93.4%-96.8%的同源性，与我国最早的分离株SD99024有93.7%-98.7%的同源性，它们相互之间的同源性为91.2%-98.7%，由此说明，我国AVL-J的gp85基因正在不断发生变异。     

Genetic diversity and phylogenetic analysis of glycoprotein GP85 of ALV-J isolates from Mainland China between 1999 and 2010: coexistence of two extremely different subgroups in layers

Avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J), first isolated in 1989, preferentially infects meat-type birds. However, layer flocks in China have experienced outbreaks of this virus since 2008. To understand the genetic diversity of ALV-J in Chinese layers, we compared and analyzed the GP85 gene sequences of 106 ALV-J isolates that were isolated between 1999 and 2010 in Mainland China. The GP85 gene sequences of 41 layer isolates collected from 9 provinces of China between 2008 and 2010 belonged to two separate, highly diverse subgroups and were differentiated from meat-type chicken isolates. When compared to all meat-type isolates from China, Subgroup 1 exclusively contained current layer isolates and seemed to be dominant; all the isolates in this subgroup exhibited gene diversity, and many unique amino acid mutations were present. In contrast, the viruses in Subgroup 2 were perfectly conserved and shared high identity with the prototype meat-type chicken ALV-J strain HPRS-103. The two subgroups contained only two concurrent mutations at the same position. Moreover, most of the isolates in Subgroup 1 had two additional glycosylation sites (at positions 101 and 191) when compared with those in Subgroup 2. Our study provides evidence for the coexistence of two extremely different ALV-J subgroups in Chinese layers from 2008 to 2010, supporting the need for vaccine development and purification measures to prevent ALV-J infection in layers in China.     

Isolation and some characteristics of a subgroup J-like avian leukosis virus associated with myeloid leukosis in meat-type chickens in the United States.

Several subgroup J-like avian leukosis viruses (ALV-Js) were isolated from broiler breeder (BB) and commercial broiler flocks experiencing myeloid leukosis (ML) at 4 wk of age or older. In all cases, diagnosis of ML was based on the presence of typical gross and microscopic lesions in affected tissues. The isolates were classified as ALV-J by 1) their ability to propagate in chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEF) that are resistant to avian leukosis virus (ALV) subgroups A and E (C/AE) and 2) positive reaction in a polymerase chain reaction with primers specific for ALV-J. The prototype strain of these isolates, an isolate termed ADOL-Hc1, was obtained from an adult BB flock that had a history of ML. The ADOL-Hc1 was isolated and propagated on C/AE CEF and was distinct antigenically from ALV of subgroups A, B, C, D, and E, as determined by virus neutralization tests. Antibody to ADOL-Hc1 neutralized strain HPRS-103, the prototype of ALV-J isolated from meat-type chickens in the United Kingdom, but antibody to HPRS-103 did not neutralize strain ADOL-Hc1. On the basis of both viremia and antibody, prevalence of ALV-J infection in affected flocks was as high as 87%. Viremia in day-old chicks of three different hatches from a BB flock naturally infected with ALV-J varied from 4% to 25%; in two of the three hatches, 100% of chicks that tested negative for virus at hatch had evidence of viremia by 8 wk of age. The data document the isolation of ALV-J from meat-type chickens experiencing ML as young as 4 wk of age. The data also suggest that strain ADOL-Hc1 is antigenically related, but not identical, to strain HPRS-103 and that contact transmission of ALV-J is efficient and can lead to tolerant infection.     

J亚群禽白血病病毒安徽分离株的鉴定及其gp85基因序列分析

从安徽省的黄羽肉鸡和罗曼蛋鸡中各分离鉴定出1株J亚群禽白血病病毒,克隆获得了2条相应的gp85基因序列,并与参考毒株进行序列比对。结果表明,两分离毒株与J亚群参考毒株同源性为82.1%~99.4%,分离毒株之间同源性为85.4%。其中肉鸡分离毒株与J亚群原型毒株HPRS-103同源性为97.1%,与J亚群国内毒株SD09TA04、SDYC02J同源性均为99.4%;蛋鸡分离毒株与HPRS-103的同源性为89.0%,与SD09TA04和SDYC02J同源性仅为88.6%。两分离毒株的gp85氨基酸序列出现突变和缺失,在高变区hr1、hr2变异明显。进化分析进一步表明,2个分离毒株亲缘关系较远,可能来源于不同的原始病毒株。     

J-亚群禽白血病JL-2株的分离鉴定

近年来，J-亚群禽自血病的暴发流行在国内时有报道，在本研究中，自吉林某患病鸡群分离出一株病毒，采用特异性引物，经RT-PCR扩增出长度为545bp的J-亚群禽自血病病毒特异性核苷酸片段；将病毒经SPF鸡胚成纤维细胞增殖，获取其前病毒DNA，依据原型毒株RPRS-103 cDNA序列设计并合成一对引物，经PCR扩增得到包括gp85、gp37、E-element基因在内的近1．8kb的DNA片段，将其连到pMD18-T载体上，转化大肠杆菌JM109，培养后提取质粒分别用Hind Ⅲ，BamHI进行单酶切和双酶切鉴定，得到了阳性重组质粒pMD18-T-JL2／env，核苷酸序列测定结果表明，该片段为J-亚群禽白血病病毒囊膜基因，其中亚型特异性片段gp85和标准对照毒株HPRS-103的同源率为94％，所编码氨基酸的同源率为87％。     

表现腺胃炎的蛋用型鸡J亚群-白血病病毒的分离与鉴定

从表现腺胃炎的尼克珊瑚粉商品代蛋鸡中分离到J亚群-白血病病毒(ALV-J)。将病料或鸡白细胞接种于CEF,培养12 d,分别采用单克隆抗体间接免疫荧光试验检测,结果10只鸡中有9只鸡分离到ALV-J,其中有4只鸡还存在与禽网状内皮增生病病毒(REV)的共感染。通过PCR扩增gp85基因,与已发表的20株ALV-J进行同源性比较。结果表明,与来自白羽肉鸡的HPRS103的同源性为97.8%,而与来自蛋用型鸡的SD07LK1株的同源性为93.0%。本研究发现,在某些仅仅发生腺胃炎的鸡也可能普遍存在ALV-J感染,再次显示了腺胃炎病料中病毒感染的多样性。ALV-J可能成为致腺胃炎的病原之一,但其致病作用有待进一步研究。     

不同地区海兰褐蛋鸡中J亚群-禽白血病病毒株gp85基因的分子演化分析

本研究通过对不同地区海兰褐蛋鸡群中分离的5株J亚群-禽白血病病毒(ALV-J)的囊膜糖蛋白基因(gp85)进行同源性分析,阐述了不同海兰褐鸡群中存在的ALV-J的分子演化规律。对2008-2009年分别从北京、陕西、山东泰安、济阳、曲阜等不同地区饲养的海兰褐鸡分离到的5株ALV-J,用PCR方法克隆gp85基因、测序,并与国内外已发表的14株ALV-Jgp85基因进行同源性比较。结果表明,5株ALV-J与来自白羽肉鸡的HPRS-103株的同源性最近,平均为96.6%(96.4%～96.8%);与来自国内海兰灰蛋鸡的SD07LK1株的同源性平均仅为89.6%(89.3%～89.9%);而5株ALV-J间的同源性高达98.1%以上(98.1%～100%)。本研究发现,不同地区的海兰褐蛋鸡中广泛存在的ALV-J可能有一个共同的来源,即国外的白羽肉鸡。     

J亚群禽白血病Hrb-1分离株env基因克隆及gp85杆状病毒表达载体的构建

自哈尔滨某送检患病鸡群中分离出一株病毒,经RT-PCR检测、SPF鸡胚成纤维细胞增殖后,获取其前病毒DNA,采用依据原型毒株HPRS-103cDNA序列设计并合成的一对引物,PCR扩增病毒的囊膜基因,连接pMD18-T载体并转化大肠杆菌JM109,培养后提取质粒分别用HindⅢ,BamHI进行单酶切和双酶切鉴定,得到了阳性重组质粒pMD18-T-Hrb-1/env,对其进行Pst Ⅰ酶切,回收包含J亚群禽白血病病毒株Hrb-1 gp85基因的997bp片段,应用Bac to Bac杆状病毒表达系统,将外源片段与线性化的杆状病毒载体pFast Bac HTA进行连接,获得重组载体pFAST BacHTA/gp85,将该重组载体转化DH10Bac感受态细菌,在体内进行重组,经抗性和蓝白斑筛选,获得了杆状病毒重组载体Bacmid/gp85,为表达gp85并建立适于国内应用的ELISA诊断方法奠定了基础.     

鸡内源性类J亚群禽白血病病毒gp85基因的序列分析

利用J亚群禽白血病病毒gp85基因两侧的序列为引物,从正常的SPF鸡胚、肉鸡胚、良凤花鸡胚和土鸡的基因组中扩增出完整的内源性类ALV-Jgp85基因序列.这4种不同品种来源的ALV-JgP85基因与已报道的DF1细胞的内源性类ALV-Jgp85基因的同源性依次为98.5%、96.7%、98.6%、95.2%;与ALV-J原型株HPRS-103的同源性依次为97.3%、95.2%、97.6%、94.9%;与外源性IMC株的同源性依次为90.4%、88.5%、90.7%、89.6%.这将为深入探讨内源性类gp85基因在感染ALV-J发病的过程中起何种作用奠定了基础.     

Detection and localization of naturally transmitted avian leukosis subgroup J virus in egg-type chickens by in situ PCR hybridization

Avian leukosis virus (ALV) subgroup J (ALV-J) is an exogenous ALV and causes myeloid leukosis in meat-type chickens. We have previously reported the isolation and identification of ALV-J in commercial layer flocks from 12 farms in northern China. In this report, we further characterized this virus by in situ polymerase chain reaction (PCR) hybridization in various affected organs of chickens from six of the 12 farms. A routine method for hybridization of nucleic acid uses radioactive probe, such as a P32-labelled probe. We found that the non-radioactive digoxigenin (DIG) probe is sensitive enough to detect the nucleic acid of virus in chicken tissues. We used a pair of published primers (H5/H7) specific to the gp85 envelope gene and 3' region of pol gene of prototype ALV-J strain HPRS-103. The total RNA extracted from tumour, bone marrow, oviduct, liver and spleen of the diseased chickens from six commercial flocks, and cDNA was successfully amplified. Using the primers and cDNA, we obtained an ALV-J-specific cDNA probe of 545 bp in length by PCR. In situ PCR with H5/H7 primers was carried out in the paraffin sections from tissues of the diseased chickens, followed by in situ hybridization using the DIG-labelled cDNA probe. Positive hybridization signals were detected in the cytoplasm of paraffin sections of tumours and other organ tissues. The intensity of the signals was documented using an image analysis system measuring integral optical density (IOD). The IOD values for tissue sections treated by in situ PCR hybridization are significantly higher than that by in situ hybridization alone (P < 0.01). These data taken together suggest that in situ PCR hybridization is a more sensitive technique for detection of ALV-J in tissue sections.     

Development and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to subgroup J avian leukosis virus.

In an attempt to develop a specific diagnostic test for avian leukosis virus (ALV) subgroup J (ALV-J) strain Hc1, four monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), JE9, G2, 145, and J47, were generated that are specific for ALV-J envelope glycoprotein, gp85. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify genomic pro-viral DNA of Avian Disease and Oncology Laboratory (ADOL)-Hc1 and ADOL-4817 envelope genes. Both open reading frames encoding glycoproteins gp85 and gp37 were cloned into baculoviruses. Abundant expression of gp85 and gp37 was detected in the recombinant viruses with specific antibody to Hc1 strain of the ALV-J. The expressed proteins were used for immunization of mice to produce hybridoma cell lines secreting MAbs specific to ALV-J envelope protein. A panel of MAbs was generated by fusing NS1 myeloma cells and spleen cells from mice immunized with the recombinant baculoviruses. With the use of an immunofluorescence assay, three MAbs (JE9, G2, 145) reacted with ALV-J but not with subgroups A, B, C, D, or E of ALV. MAb J47 reacted with all exogenous subgroups of ALV including A, B, C, D, and J but not with endogenous subgroup E viruses. Western blot analysis was performed with all four MAbs against recombinant baculovirus and Hc1-infected chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF) lysates. A major band with a molecular weight about 90 kD corresponding to the size of ALV-J envelope was consistently obtained. With these MAbs, we detected the Hc1 antigen in CEFs infected with several ALV-J viruses isolated in the United States and also in tissue sections from chickens infected with Hc1 strain of ALV-J. These MAbs will be useful reagents for the diagnosis of ALV-J infection because they recognize a common antigenic epitope in six isolates tested thus far.     

禽白血病病毒J亚群自然感染商品蛋鸡致瘤性新特征

2009年8月,山东省邹城市某海兰褐蛋鸡群,160日龄发病,死亡率为7％.患鸡经大体剖检、病理组织学、PCR和免疫组织化学等检测,确诊为禽白血病病毒J亚群(ALV-J)感染.病理组织学检测发现,病鸡单独患血管瘤,或髓细胞瘤和纤维肉瘤多发性出现,由ALV-J自然感染引起同一鸡体出现髓细胞瘤和纤维肉瘤尚属国内外首次报道.肝脏研磨接种DF-1细胞培养7d后传3代,细胞无病变,ELISA检测感染细胞上清ALV p27抗原阳性,进一步确诊此鸡群为ALV感染.对病变严重的鸡进行病毒分离及ALV-J gp85基因同源性比较显示与原型株HPRS-103的同源性最高,达94.1％.本研究丰富了ALV-J感染的临床诊断依据,并为ALV-J在我国蛋鸡群中多潜能致瘤机制的研究提供了科学基础.     

某海兰褐鸡场祖代、父母代及商品代鸡血管瘤型ALV-J的分离与鉴定

从山东省某海兰褐鸡场祖代、父母代种鸡和商品代蛋鸡中获得疑似血管瘤型禽白血病(Avian leukosis,AL)病料.采用病理剖检、IFA、分子生物学检测,确定为J亚群禽白血病.从祖代、父母代病料中各分离到1株J亚群禽白血病病毒(J subgroup of avian leukosis virus,ALV-J),从商品代蛋鸡中分离到4株ALV-J.根据原型毒株HPRS103设计1对gp85基因引物,获得gp85基因序列.获得的gp85基因序列与各亚群参考毒株序列核苷酸同源性比对,结果显示:分离自商品代蛋鸡的Commercial03株、Commercial04株、Commercial06株和父母代分离株Parent02株位于同一分支,同源性在97.2％～97.9％,与HPRS103株同源性94.7％～95.2％;Commercial05株与祖代分离株Grandparent01株在同一分支,与HPRS103株同源性为98.3％,4株分离自商品代的ALV-J同源性为95.0％～99.9％.表明商品代蛋鸡中的ALV-J可能来自父母代或祖代种鸡的垂直传播,也可能来自于其他来源的水平传播.从同一鸡场祖代、父母代及商品代鸡中分离得到ALV-J,这在我国还是首次.对后续研究其基因突变、致瘤机制等奠定了良好的基础.     

AA肉种鸡内源性类ALV-J gp85基因及其抗原表位的分析

利用ALV-J gp85基因两侧的序列片段为引物,从山东潍坊某肉种鸡场送检的7日龄肉种鸡基因组中完整地扩增了内源性类ALV-J gp85基因。利用ALV-J env基因特异性引物不能扩增出长度为2.2kb的目的片段,用ALV-J特异性单抗JE-9做间接免疫荧光检测,也呈现阴性反应。这种内源性类ALV-J gp85基因与已报道的禽内源性反录病毒EAV-HP序列的同源性为85.6%～93.8%,其中与ADOL 0系来航鸡EAV-HP的相似性最高(93.8%)。所得到的内源性类ALV-J gp85基因与外源性ALV-J毒株HPRS-103、SD07LK1、NX0101的同源性分别为93.8%、91.8%和91.7%。并且与外源性ALV-J gp85基因具有相似的Jameson-Worlf抗原表位优势。这种内源性类gp85基因很可能与肉雏鸡早期感染ALV-J后所呈现的免疫耐受现象有关。     

我国部分地区蛋鸡ALV-J分离株gp85基因遗传进化分析

为了解我国蛋鸡J亚型白血病病毒(ALV-J)株来源及其遗传进化关系,本研究对2009年从我国6个省区蛋鸡场分离到的19株ALV-J的gp85基因进行克隆和测序,并与11个ALV-J参考株gp85基因作了比较分析.结果表明:19个ALV-J分离株的gp85基因长度为894bp～924 bp不等,分别编码298～308个氨基酸;各病毒株间gp85推导氨基酸的同源性为71.3%～100%.遗传进化分析表明,目前我国蛋鸡ALV-J分离株来源复杂,其中13个分离株与英国原型株HPRS-103、国内麻黄肉鸡株SCAU-0901亲缘关系较近;3个分离株与美国株ADOL-7501及国内白羽肉鸡株HN0001处在同一大的分支;而另外3个分离株则各自形成独立的分支,表明其gp85基因发生了较大变异.本研究表明,19个分离株与国内早期肉鸡分离株亲缘关系较远,提示我国当前蛋鸡ALV-J株可能并非源自国内早期肉鸡ALV-J株,其来源有待进一步研究.     

Avian leukosis virus subgroup J: a rapidly evolving group of oncogenic retroviruses.

A strain of avian leukosis virus (ALV) belonging to a new envelope subgroup J was isolated in the UK in 1988 from meat-type chickens. The disease caused by the members of this subgroup has since spread very rapidly worldwide and has become one of the major problems facing the broiler meat industry. Molecular characterisation of HPRS -103, the prototype of subgroup J, has shown that it has a structure of a typical ALV with gag, pol and env genes. However the env gene was distinct from that of other ALV s and was closely related to that of novel endogenous retroviral elements designated EAV - HP. As other regions of the genome were closely related to ALV s, it is believed that ALV-J has evolved by recombination with the env sequences of EAV - HP. ALV-J has a tropism for myeloid cells, a feature that may be associated with its ability to induce myeloid leukosis. Recent data show that ALV -J isolates evolve rapidly resulting in sequence changes within the variable regions of the env gene leading to antigenic variation. Eradication programmes established for other subgroups are proving to be effective in eradicating ALV-J from infected flocks.     

血管瘤相关J亚群禽白血病病毒ZH-08株的分离与全基因组序列测定

本研究从临床表现为典型血管瘤型禽白血病病例的广东某肉种鸡场的病鸡中,分离到1株J亚群禽白血病病毒(ALV-J),命名为ZH-08。利用ELISA抗原检测、PCR和间接免疫荧光试验对分离株进行鉴定,结果都呈阳性。依据ALV-J原型株HPRS-103前病毒全基因组序列设计并合成3对引物,采用分段扩增的方法完成了分离株的全基因组序列测定。结果显示该分离株基因组序列全长7 597 bp,与已公开的全基因组序列大小比较略有差异,但符合典型的复制完全型反转录病毒的基因组结构,基因序列中不含已知致癌基因。将该分离株的亚群特异性gp85基因序列与国内外各参考株相应序列进行相似性比较,发现ZH-08与YZ9901株相似性最高(93.7%)。基于gp85核苷酸序列的系统进化分析表明:ZH-08株与SD07LK1株的亲缘关系最近。本研究为该毒株的生物学特性以及致病机制研究奠定了基础。     

商品蛋鸡成髓细胞瘤、血管瘤型J亚群白血病病毒特性的研究

2007年7月山东某蛋鸡场150日龄海兰褐蛋鸡发病,前期经病理学和免疫组织化学检测证明和ALV—J密切相关。取4只病鸡的肝组织处理后接种鸡胚成纤维细胞（CEF）培养,用ALV—J单抗G2-3进行间接免疫荧光检测,结果呈现强阳性,将反应为阳性的4株病毒分别命名为WS0701、WS0702、WS0703和WS0704;根据ALV-J原型株HPRS-103的序列设计1对针对外源性ALV—J的引物P1和P2,提取阳性CEF基因组DNA作为模板,PCR扩增后,得到长度为924bp的片段;PCR扩增产物测序结果显示,与HPRS-103的同源性为95．0％～97．5％,与国内分离株的同源性为92．0％～95．9％;遗传变异分析结果表明成髓细胞瘤型、血管瘤型ALV-J与国内毒株的同源性较远,而与HPRS-103的同源性最近,这说明ALV—J在蛋鸡体内复制的过程中有返祖现象,并呈现了新的肿瘤学特征。     

血管瘤禽白血病病毒FJ0610株的分离与鉴定

为了解禽白血病病毒在商品蛋鸡中的流行情况,试验采用病理剖检、聚合酶链式反应(PCR)以及间接免疫荧光试验(IFA)等方法对送检的疑似禽白血病病毒感染的商品蛋鸡进行了病毒分离与鉴定,并对分离株的致瘤相关基因gp85基因进行测序,与国内外各亚群禽白血病病毒进行对比。结果表明:分离、鉴定到1株J亚群血管瘤禽白血病病毒,命名为FJ0610;分离株gp85基因核苷酸序列同源性在11.5%～94.5%之间,其中与血管瘤禽白血病毒株ZH-08株同源性最高,而与E亚群毒株同源性最低;基于gp85核苷酸序列的系统进化分析表明FJ0610株的gp85序列与ZH-08株的亲缘关系最近。     

应用组织芯片免疫组化法检测ALV-J

禽白血病J亚群（ALV-J）是英国的Payne和他的同事们在20世纪90年代初从肉鸡中分离出来的新亚群，主要引起肉鸡的骨髓瘤白血病。自1999年，我国一些肉用型种鸡场陆续发生了禽白血病J亚群。并且近几年来，ALV-J已从最初只引起肉种鸡发病开始向蛋鸡及中国地方种鸡蔓延。组织芯片技术是一种新型特殊的生物芯片技术，它能明显提高工作效率，减少实验误差。本研究将组织芯片技术和免疫组化染色结合起来，用特异性抗ALV-J囊膜蛋白gp85的单克隆抗体来检测发病鸡只的各组织器官的组织切片。在肝脏、脾脏、肾脏、卵巢、腺胃、骨髓、髓细胞瘤组织均检出病毒阳性抗原。结果表明组织芯片技术和免疫组化染色相结合为临床诊断ALV-J提供了一个高通量、敏感的检测方法。