爱普利注射液对牛血虱病的疗效试验

牛血虱（Haematopinidae eurysterus）是一种寄生于牛体表的吸血性寄生虫，在牛中很常见。虱子多发于秋冬两季（Holste et al．，1997；Geden et al．，1990；Chalmers et al．，1980）。在牛中，虱子很常见。据调查，在英国1940年有84．5％的牛场存在虱子感染，即使在广谱抗寄生虫药被广泛应用的1996-1997年，仍有63．1％的牛场存在虱子感染。     

大宠爱(赛拉菌素)治疗东方白鹳羽虱病

2019年3月—5月,南宁市动物园圈养的东方白鹳有两只出现体表寄生虫感染,经形态学检查初步鉴定为虱子。使用大宠爱赛拉菌素对该两只白鹳进行驱虫治疗,结果两只白鹳休表寄生虫均被有效驱除,一只在治疗后出现了肝肾功能损害,经保肝护肾治疗患鹳康复。未能明确该次肝肾功能损害与驱虫用药是否有关联。     

鹅虱的防与治

<正>雏鹅比较容易生虱。虱子多寄生在鹅的耳部、尾部和翅膀下方。特别是寄生在耳部的,如不及时治疗,虱子就会从耳眼进入脑内,引起脑损害而死亡。一病原鹅虱又称羽虱,据记载已发现40多种。寄生在鹅头部的羽虱,虫体呈长椭圆形,雄虫体长4～5毫米,雌虫体长5～6毫米,全身有密毛,虫体呈黄色,腹部各节有明显的横带。寄生在鹅翅部的羽虱,虫体呈灰黑色,雄虫长3毫米,雌虫长3.4毫米。二生活史鹅虱以食羽毛和皮屑为主,也吞食皮肤损伤部外流出的血液。它为不完全变态,在宿主体表完成发育。羽虱所产的卵常集合成块,     

产蛋鹅羽虱的诊治

羽虱是禽类体表的常见寄生虫,种类很多,但各种羽虱都有各自特定的宿主(如鸡羽虱不感染鹅),并有一定的寄生部位。同一鹅体可同时被数种羽虱寄生。羽虱以羽毛或皮屑为食,引起鹅奇痒,干扰采食与休息,造成消     

狐狸体表犬啮毛虱的形态特征观察和分子鉴定

本研究旨在利用全证据法对采自湖南省长沙生态动物园狐狸体表的2只寄生虱进行准确鉴定。首先通过显微镜观察寄生虱的形态特征，初步鉴定为毛虱。然后分别提取2只寄生虱的DNA样本，再以PCR扩增寄生虱线粒体细胞色素c氧化酶I亚基（cox1）基因的部分序列，进行序列分析，并利用Mega 11程序最大似然法（ML）构建系统发育树，从分子水平进一步对寄生虱进行鉴定。PCR扩增结果显示，两个样本条带大小与预期一致，均约400 bp；序列分析显示两个样本cox1序列与GenBank收录的犬啮毛虱（Trichodectes canis，基因登录号MH001214）相似性均为99.0%；系统发育分析显示，两个样本均与犬啮毛虱位于同一分支。结果表明，采自狐狸体表的寄生虱为犬啮毛虱。本研究为湖南省不同宿主犬啮毛虱流行病学调查提供了新的分子学证据。     

猪虱病的防治措施

猪虱病是寄生于猪体表被毛内的猪血虱引起的一种体外寄生虫病。病猪临床表现为瘙痒、不安、食欲下降、不能很好睡眠,从而导致消瘦,仔猪症状表现尤其明显。主要从病原、生活史、诊治等角度对其进行阐述,以期为防治该病提供参考。     

猪虱病的防治措施

猪虱病是寄生于猪体表被毛内的猪血虱引起的一种体外寄生虫病.病猪临床表现为瘙痒、不安、食欲下降、不能很好睡眠.从而导致消瘦,仔猪症状表现尤其明显.主要从病原、生活史、诊治等角度对其进行阐述,以期为防治该病提供参考.     

防治猪虱小验方五则

猪虱是寄生于猪体表被毛内的一种体外寄生虫,在猪的腋下、大腿内侧、耳朵后最为多见。受寄生的猪表现为燥动不安、搔痒、食欲减退、营养不良,不能很好睡眠,导致机体消瘦,尤其仔猪的症状更明显。防治措施如下:1百部250g,苍术、菜油各200g,雄黄100g,先将百部加水2kg煮沸后去渣,然后加入细末苍术、雄黄和菜油充分搅匀后涂擦患部,每天1～2次,连用2～3天可全部除尽猪虱。2烟叶30g,加水1kg,煎汗涂擦患部,每天1次。3用0.5%～1%的兽用精制敌百虫溶液喷射猪体患部,每天1次,连用2次。4食盐1g、温水2mL、煤油10mL,混合后涂擦猪体,虱子立即死亡。5生猪…     

鹅常见体外寄生虫病的防治

1 鹅虱 鹅羽虱是禽类体表永久性外寄生虫,其种类较多。据报道;共有40多种,有的寄生在鹅的头部和体部,有的寄生在鹅的翅部。主要影响鹅的安静,使鹅骚动不安,并能吸血且产生毒素,严重影响鹅的生长发育,还能传播疾病,对鹅的危害性颇大。     

家畜虱病的诊断和防治措施

<正>虱是许多家畜体表的专性寄生虫,包括咀嚼式虱和刺吸式虱。虱生活在宿主动物的表皮、被毛或者羽毛中,依靠动物相互接触进行传播。大多数虱具有严格的宿主特异性。血虱主要寄生于哺乳动物,而食毛虱能寄生于哺乳动物和禽类。1临床表现与诊断虱病主要引起瘙痒和皮肤的刺激性反应,在感染部位引起刮伤、摩擦、啃咬。一般家畜感染虱子后呈现出全身性生长发育不良,被毛粗糙,产量下降。严重感染时,动物感染部位     

Spatial distribution and spread of sheep biting lice, Bovicola ovis, from point infestations

The spatial distribution of chewing lice (Bovicola ovis) on their hosts was examined in Polypay and Columbia ewes initially artificially infested on the midside or the neck. Densities of lice were determined at 69 body sites in eight body regions at approximately monthly intervals for 2 years. In the second year, half of the ewes were mated and lice were counted at 26 body sites on the resulting lambs. Polypay ewes had higher densities of lice than Columbias at most inspections but there was little effect of infestation point or mating on either numbers or the distribution of lice. During periods of high louse numbers densities were generally greatest on the sides or the back. Densities on the head were also high at times and peaked later than overall louse densities. Shearing markedly reduced density but increased the proportion of lice found on the neck, belly and lowleg sites. The distribution of lice on the lambs was similar to that on the ewes except that fewer lice were found on the head. Comparisons of lice per part with the numbers of lice extracted from clipped patches indicated that a sheep with wool bearing area of 1 m2 and a mean count of one louse per 10 cm fleece parting carried approximately 2000 lice. At most times of the year inspections for sheep lice should be concentrated on the sides and back, but in recently shorn sheep greater attention should be paid to the lower neck and ventral regions. Implications of the observed distributions of lice for the efficacy of chemical treatments are discussed.     

A longitudinal study of a natural lice infestation in growing cattle over two winter periods

A group of 61 cattle which were naturally infested with lice was followed over two winter periods. Data were collected on the number of lice found at various body sites over this period. Summary statistics were produced and due to the repeated measured and hierarchical structure of the data, multi-level analysis was used to model the population dynamics of Bovicola bovis and assess the influence of the various hierarchical levels. A four level Poisson model was produced--level one, the individual number of lice at each parting; level two, the body site examined (shoulder, midline or rump); level three, the time of the inspection and level four, the animal. Seasonal fluctuation in lice numbers was modelled using a cosine function transformation of time. A seasonal pattern was seen in both year's with lice counts higher in the first than the second year. The midline area was the most sensitive to detection of B. bovis. Variance contributed by the individual animal was less than that contributed by the body site examined and the time of the inspection. The model suggested that lice numbers within the shoulder and rump sites were near random following a Poisson distribution, but aggregation of lice occurred at the midline site with the distribution between animals following a Negative Binomial Pattern. The midline site was the most sensitive site for detecting B. bovis. Infestation numbers were higher in the first winter when cattle were younger. In the second winter, there was no difference in lice numbers between cattle exposed to infection for the first or second time.     

A longitudinal study of a natural lice infestation in growing cattle over two winter periods

A group of 61 cattle which were naturally infested with lice was followed over two winter periods. Data were collected on the number of lice found at various body sites over this period. Summary statistics were produced and due to the repeated measured and hierarchical structure of the data, multi-level analysis was used to model the population dynamics of Bovicola bovis and assess the influence of the various hierarchical levels. A four level Poisson model was produced-level one, the individual number of lice at each parting; level two, the body site examined (shoulder, midline or rump); level three, the time of the inspection and level four, the animal. Seasonal fluctuation in lice numbers was modelled using a cosine function transformation of time. A seasonal pattern was seen in both years with lice counts higher in the first than the second year. The midline area was the most sensitive to detection of B. bovis. Variance contributed by the individual animal was less than that contributed by the body site examined and the time of the inspection. The model suggested that lice numbers within the shoulder and rump sites were near random following a Poisson distribution, but aggregation of lice occurred at the midline site with the distribution between animals following a Negative Binomial Pattern. The midline site was the most sensitive site for detecting B. bovis. Infestation numbers were higher in the first winter when cattle were younger. In the second winter, there was no difference in lice numbers between cattle exposed to infection for the first or second time.     

Efficacy of a 1% lambdacyhalothrin cattle Pour-on (Saber) against sucking and biting lice infesting beef cattle

Four studies were conducted to determine the efficacy of a 1% lambdacyhalothrin pour-on (Saber Pour-on, Schering-Plough Animal Health) for control of sucking lice (Linognathus vituli, Haematopinus eurysternus, Solenopotes capillatus) and biting lice (Damalinia bovis) on beef cattle. Seventy-four mixed-breed cattle naturally infested with one or more species of lice at locations in Wisconsin, Nebraska, Oklahoma, and North Dakota were included in the study. Pretreatment lice samples were taken and identified by genus with the exception that sucking lice were not identified by genus at the North Dakota site. In January or February, half of the cattle at each location received a single application of 1% lambdacyhalothrin pour-on at 10 ml per head for cattle weighing less than 273 kg (600 lb) or 15 ml per head for cattle weighing 273 kg or more. The other cattle at each site served as untreated controls. Lice on designated body areas were counted 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after treatment, and the sum of all lice observed on each counting area was reported for each animal. The collective efficacy 6 weeks after treatment against three species of sucking lice (L. vituli, H. eurysternus, S. capillatus) was 88.4% at the Wisconsin site, 92.0% at the North Dakota site, and 100% at the Nebraska and Oklahoma sites. The 1% lambdacyhalothrin pour-on eliminated all biting lice within 2 weeks after treatment, and no biting lice were detected 8 weeks after treatment. A single treatment of 1% lambdacyhalothrin pour-on administered when lice populations were highest (January or February) provided effective season-long control of both biting and sucking lice on cattle.     

Seasonal occurrence and production effects of the biting louse Damalinia limbata on Angora goats and 2 treatment options

Adult biting lice Damalinia limbata (Gervais 1844) were most numerous on Angora goats in southwestern Free State Province from November to May with the smallest numbers present during August. Nymphs were most numerous from January to March with the smallest numbers present during July. The largest proportion of adult lice was present on the ventral surface of goats during winter, when population numbers were lowest, and the largest proportion of nymphs during summer, when population numbers were highest. Infestation did not affect the body weight of goats, but adversely affected both the quantity and quality of mohair produced. A single treatment with deltamethrin, applied as a pour-on along the mid-line of the backs of the goats, effectively controlled infestation and resulted in a significant increase in mohair production compared with untreated goats. Deltamethrin sprayed along the sides of the animals was equally effective in controlling infestation.     

Human head lice and pubic lice reveal the presence of several Acinetobacter species in Algiers,Algeria

There are two majorspecies of medically important lice that parasitize humans: Phthirus pubis, found in pubic hair, and Pediculus humanus. Pediculus humanus consists of two eco types that live in specific niches on the human host: body lice (Pediculus humanus humanus), found on the human body and clothing, and head lice (Pediculus humanus capitis), found on the scalp. To date, only body lice are known to be vectors of human disease; however, it has recently been reported that the DNA of several bacterial agents has been detected in head lice, raising questions about their role in the transmission of pathogens. This issue caught our attention, in addition to the fact that the pathogenic bacteria associated with P. pubis and P. humanus capitis have never been investigated in Algeria. To investigate this,molecular techniques (real-time PCR) were used to screen for the presence of Acinetobacter spp., Bartonella spp., Borrelia spp. and Rickettsia prowazekii DNA from P. humanus capitis (64 lice) collected from schoolchildren,and P. pubis (4 lice),collected from one adultman living in Algiers. Positive samples for Acinetobacter spp.were identified by sequencing therpoBgene. Conventional PCR targeting the partial Cytb gene was used to determine the phylogenetic clade of the collected lice. Of the 64 samples collected, Acinetobacter spp. DNA was detected in 17/64 (27%) of head lice, identified as: A. baumannii (14%), A. johnsonii (11%) and A. variabilis (2%). Of the four P. pubissamples, 2(50%) were positive for A. johnsonii. The phylogenetic tree based on the Cytb gene revealed that P. humanus capitis were grouped into clades A and B. In this study, we report andidentify for the first time Acinetobacter spp.in Algerian P. pubis and P. humanus capitis. The detection of the genus Acinetobacter in lice should not be underestimated, especially in P. humanus capitis, which is distributed worldwide. However, additional epidemiological data are required to determine if human lice may act as an environmental reservoir and are actively involved in the propagation of these bacteria to humans.     

Resistance to synthetic pyrethroid pour-on insecticides in strains of the sheep body louse Bovicola (Damalinia) ovis

Groups of sheep infested with strains of Bovicola (Damalinia) ovis were obtained from flocks either with a history of failure to control lice with synthetic pyrethroid (SP) pour-on insecticides, or from farms where SP compounds were not used. The sheep were treated according to the manufacturer's recommendations with registered "off-shears" SP formulations. All treatments were applied under ideal conditions with doses calculated on an individual body weight basis and applied to the dorsal mid-line from the base of the neck to the butt of the tail. Treated sheep were kept in pens and maintained in separate groups. The pour-on SP treatments significantly reduced the lice population but failed to eliminate the infestation in 7 of 13 experiments in sheep carrying strains of lice with resistance factors of greater than 4 to at least one of the SP compounds. Failures occurred with all three of the SP pour-ons currently registered for lice control in NSW and with both water-based and organic solvent-based formulations.     

No evidence of Bartonella quintana but detection of Acinetobacter baumannii in head lice from elementary schoolchildren in Paris

The human body louse is the only known vector of Bartonella quintana. However, the presence of this bacterium has recently been detected in the head lice of homeless individuals and Nepalese slum children. Previous studies have reported the isolation of Acinetobacter baumannii from the body lice of homeless individuals. An epidemiological survey including 74 schools was conducted between 2008 and 2009 in Paris. After a first visual examination, the hair of children with suspected pediculosis was combed with a fine-tooth comb to collect live adult head lice. Molecular studies were performed on randomly selected DNA samples to detect B. quintana and A. baumannii by specific quantitative real-time PCR. Among a collection of 288 DNA samples, B. quintana was not detected, but A. baumannii was detected in 95 DNA samples (33%). Further study is needed to determine the significance of the finding of A. baumannii in head lice.     

白鹳雏鸟的生长发育

本文利用行为描述和记录的方法，对笼养条件下白鹳雏鸟生长发育的规律进行了描述和分析。对白鹳雏鸟生长期行为变化作了充分的描述和记录，对白鹳种群数量的增加和笼养条件下的繁殖意义重大。     

Toxicity of Sevin (1-Naphthyl-n-Methyl-Carbamate) To Cattle Grubs, Lice, and Cattle

Sevin, a cholinergic insecticide, was used for the control of cattle lice Haemotopinus eurysternus and Bovicolar bovis and cattle grubs Hypoderma lineatum and H. bovis. Partial or complete spraying of the animal body with 0.5 per cent Sevin was equally effective for louse control and one application killed the lice and prevented reinfestation in `carrier' cows for 17-20 weeks.

The dermal or parenteral administration of Sevin to the host animal had no larvicidal effect on cattle grubs migrating in its body. Similarly, the sprays of Sevin had no lethal effect on grubs encysted in the back of cattle.