靶向硫酸庆大霉素的制备及体外抗菌试验

将硫酸庆大霉素与抗大肠埃希菌抗体用化学修饰剂进行偶联,再经化学方法处理,按制剂学原理制备成靶向硫酸庆大霉素。用硫酸庆大霉素做对照,进行体外抗菌试验,检测靶向硫酸庆大霉素对大肠埃希菌的抗菌效果。结果表明,靶向硫酸庆大霉素的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)为0.02μg/mL,硫酸庆大霉素的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)为0.4μg/mL,靶向硫酸庆大霉素的抑菌效果明显优于硫酸庆大霉素。     

几种复方制剂中硫酸庆大霉素含量的测定

几种复方制剂中硫酸庆大霉素含量的测定余莲广西兽药监察所５３０００１“抗菌退热灵”、“复方庆大霉素注射液”、“霍痢灵”和“炎痢净”都是硫酸庆大霉素的复方制剂，临床试验表明：ＴＭＰ、痢菌净等能减少硫酸庆大霉素的副作用，增强疗效，但严重影响制剂中硫酸庆大霉...     

抗菌肽APSH-07与抗生素对常见致病菌的体外协同抗菌效果研究

抗菌肽APSH-07是通过高效定向诱导植物乳杆菌表达的一种具有抗菌活性的小肽类物质。试验旨在测定抗菌肽APSH-07对于常见致病菌的抑菌活性,以及与常见抗生素联用的抗菌效果。试验结果表明,APSH-07对常见致病菌有较强的抑菌活性,并且与阿莫西林、土霉素、硫酸庆大霉素、硫酸新霉素、盐酸强力霉素联用后有良好的抗菌效果。试验为APSH-07的实际应用提供了参考,体现了APSH-07作为抗生素替代品,成为新型饲料添加剂的较大潜力。     

乳猪口服硫酸庆大霉素注射液中毒一例

硫酸庆大霉素为氨基糖苷类抗生素，对各种革兰氏阴性细菌及革兰氏阳性细菌都有良好的抗菌作用，在兽因临床上常用其口服或注射来防治肠道疾病。     

硫酸庆大霉素药剂学研究进展

本文以“庆大霉素”“制剂”“药物动力学”“Gentamycin”“preparation”“pharmacokinetics”为关键词,组合查询1988-2018年在中国知网、万方、维普、中国专利信息网、PubMed、Web of Science等国内外数据库中收录的相关文献,归纳、总结硫酸庆大霉素制剂学及药物动力学方面的研究进展。结果表明:共检索到相关文献261篇,其中有效文献44篇。硫酸庆大霉素作为常用的氨基糖苷类药物之一,具有广泛的临床应用价值。目前,以硫酸庆大霉素作为单一主药上市的庆大霉素制剂多为注射途径给药制剂与普通口服制剂。缓控迟释制剂、经皮给药制剂等近年来发展迅速,逐步成为硫酸庆大霉素制剂研发的重点,为硫酸庆大霉素制剂研发开辟了新的思路。     

中草药提取物与抗菌药联用对耐药大肠杆菌的抑菌作用研究

文章旨在分析中草药提取物与抗菌药两种不同药物联合的抑菌效应。用试管二倍稀释法和微量棋盘稀释法测定中草药和抗菌药单独抑菌的最小抑菌浓度和联合抑菌指数。结果 :在筛选的4种抑菌作用较强的中草药提取物与氨基糖苷类药物联合抑菌结果中,山楂与硫酸大观霉素,五倍子与硫酸庆大霉素等具有协同作用。结论 :在大肠杆菌临床抑制过程中,联合应用各种中草药和抗菌类药物具有较好的抗菌效果。     

猪硫酸庆大霉素过敏

猪硫酸庆大霉素过敏司建华（江苏省如皋市畜牧兽医站，２２６５００）刘如明（江办省如皋市丁堰镇兽医站，２２６５２１）硫酸庆大霉素作为一般常用抗菌药物，很少发生过敏，笔者曾遇１例，现报告如下。苗猪１５ｋｇ左右，白色，发育正常，营养中等，该猪与１９９５年４月...     

靶向硫酸庆大霉素结合物的制备和免疫原性研究

将硫酸庆大霉素与大肠埃希菌血清抗体用化学修饰剂进行偶联,再经适当的化学方法处理,按照制剂学原理制备成靶向硫酸庆大霉素,经电镜检测,可以清楚的看到抗体球蛋白上附着的硫酸庆大霉素药物颗粒。应用间接ELISA法检测靶向硫酸庆大霉素结合物的免疫原性。结果表明,结合物存在微弱的免疫原性,但与大肠埃希菌血清抗体相比,免疫原性已经大为减弱,说明靶向硫酸庆大霉素复合物中,化学修饰剂不仅扮演偶联物的角色,还减弱了结合物中大肠埃希菌血清抗体的免疫原性,对靶向硫酸庆大霉素结合物的药动学和药效学几乎无影响。     

禽霍乱病原菌的分离鉴定及药敏试验

从晋中种鸡场的发病鸡采集病料，经过涂片镜检、细菌分离培养、生化试验、动物接种，确诊该批鸡患有鸡霍乱并从病鸡上分离到1株禽多杀性巴氏杆菌，采用纸片扩散法和试管稀释法分别测定了青霉素钾、土霉素、硫酸卡那霉素、硫酸庆大霉素、硫酸链霉素、甲砜霉素、氟哌酸、环丙沙星和恩诺沙星等9种药物对分离菌的体外抗菌活性。结果表明分离到的禽多杀性巴氏杆菌对青霉素钾和土霉素耐药；对硫酸卡那霉素、硫酸庆大霉素、硫酸链霉素、甲砜霉素、氟哌酸敏感；对环丙沙星和恩诺沙星极敏感。结合临床症状及实验室诊断，确诊此次疾病为多杀性巴氏杆菌引起的禽霍乱。     

紫外分光度法测定硫酸庆大霉素含量

应用紫外分光光度法测定硫酸庆大霉素含量。以紫外分光光度法在232nm波长处测定。结果是硫酸庆大霉素浓度在20～60U/ml范围内线性关系良好r=0.9990。平均回收率为98.83%，RSD为0.26%，本法与旧中国兽药典规定方法比较更具简单，易操作，适用于硫酸庆大霉素含量的快速测定。     

Serum antibody coupled with the construction of gentamicin sulfate for the Escherichia coli targeted drug

Conjugates of the Escherichia coli serum antibody (Ab) with the gentamicin sulfate (GM sulfate) have been evaluated for the assessment of their ability to eradicate E. coli in vitro. The combination of every component in the targeted drug is the amino of serum antibody and gentamicin sulfate combined with the hydroxyl of PEG6000 by hydrogen bond, which forms stable complexes. The half-life of this complex is 4.83 h, and it is non-toxic side effects and low immunogenic. After the combination of antibody and gentamicin sulfate, the targeting of antibody is quite good. In vitro anti-bacterial activity of gentamicin sulfate increased 1000 times, and the clinical curative effect enhanced 100 times, this means higher efficacy and safety.     

Serum antibody coupled with the construction of gentamicin sulfate for the Escherichia coli targeted drug

Conjugates of the Escherichia coli serum antibody (Ab) with the gentamicin sulfate (GM sulfate) have been evaluated for the assessment of their ability to eradicate E. coli in vitro. The combination of every component in the targeted drug is the amino of serum antibody and gentamicin sulfate combined with the hydroxyl of PEG6000 by hydrogen bond, which forms stable complexes. The half-life of this complex is 4.83 h, and it is non-toxic side effects and low immunogenic. After the combination of antibody and gentamicin sulfate, the targeting of antibody is quite good. In vitro anti-bacterial activity of gentamicin sulfate increased 1000 times, and the clinical curative effect enhanced 100 times, this means higher efficacy and safety.     

Prediction of pharmacokinetic profiles of ampicillin sodium, gentamicin sulfate, and combination ampicillin sodium-gentamicin sulfate in serum and synovia of healthy horses

Pharmacokinetics of ampicillin sodium (11 mg/kg), gentamicin sulfate (2.2 mg/kg), and combination ampicillin sodium-gentamicin sulfate were determined for serum and synovia of healthy horses given single-dose IV injection and were not found to be different from those from other reports; however, a prolonged terminal gamma-phase for gentamicin (8,498 +/- 1,842 minutes) in serum of horses was found to exist. Pharmacokinetic interaction between combination ampicillin sodium-gentamicin sulfate was not observed int he serum or synovia. Prediction of ampicillin sodium or gentamicin sulfate concentrations in synovia, based on serum-based pharmacokinetics, cannot be accomplished solely upon analysis of peripheral-compartment pharmacokinetics. However, once equilibrium is achieved between synovia and extracellular fluid in the peripheral compartment, the decrease in drug concentrations in synovia parallels that in serum. Therefore, after 6 hours, synovial concentrations of gentamicin sulfate can be predicted based on peripheral-compartment pharmacokinetics, using an appropriate correction factor. The significance of these findings need to be correlated with clinical conditions so that a pharmacostatistical model for the prediction of synovial concentrations of drug(s) during treatment of horses with septic arthritis can be developed.     

Elution of metronidazole and gentamicin from polymethylmethacrylate beads

OBJECTIVE: To characterize the elution and bioactivity of metronidazole and gentamicin sulfate polymerized, individually and in combination, with polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA). STUDY DESIGN: In vitro experimental study. METHODS: PMMA beads containing metronidazole (3 concentrations), gentamicin sulfate, or metronidazole and gentamicin sulfate were immersed in 5 mL of phosphate-buffered saline in triplicate. Eluent was replaced at specified time intervals for 1 or 21 days, and antibiotic concentrations were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. Changes in antibiotic bioactivity attributable to polymerization or copolymerization of the antibiotics with PMMA, ethylene oxide sterilization, and storage of AIPMMA beads containing metronidazole were evaluated. RESULTS: Antibiotic elution patterns were similar for all groups. Day 1 elution for groups containing metronidazole or gentamicin individually represented a mean 63%-66% and 79%, respectively, of the 21-day total. Approximately 50% of the day 1 elution occurred during the first hour. The elution of metronidazole was dose dependent. The elution of metronidazole (day 3-21) and gentamicin (all days) was significantly greater when metronidazole and gentamicin were combined (P <.05). The addition of metronidazole delayed polymerization of PMMA. Neither polymerization nor copolymerization of metronidazole and gentamicin with PMMA, gas sterilization, or 2-month storage of beads containing metronidazole significantly affected antimicrobial bioactivity. CONCLUSIONS: Metronidazole elution from PMMA was dose dependent. Copolymerization of metronidazole and gentamicin sulfate in PMMA resulted in increased rates of elution. Intraoperative preparation of metronidazole-impregnated PMMA beads is not practical, but sterilization and storage for 2 months should not affect efficacy. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The local delivery of biologically active metronidazole and gentamicin by elution from PMMA is feasible.     

Microarray based comparative genotyping of gentamicin resistant Escherichia coli strains from food animals and humans

Recent data from the European and Hungarian Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring Systems have indicated that the routine use of gentamicin in human and veterinary medicine frequently leads to the selection of gentamicin resistance in Escherichia coli. The aim of this study was to provide molecular characterization of gentamicin resistance in clinical and commensal E. coli strains representing humans and food producing animals by genotyping for antimicrobial resistance and virulence using a miniaturized microarray. All 50 strains tested proved to be multidrug resistant defined as resistance to three or more antimicrobial classes. Antimicrobial resistances genes such as aadA1-like, strB, bla(TEM), sul1 and tet(A) or tet(B), and corresponding phenotypes (streptomycin-, ampicillin-, sulfamethoxazole- and tetracycline resistance) were detected in >50% of isolates regardless of the host or clinical background. However, certain genes encoding gentamicin resistance such as aac(6')-Ib and ant(2″)-Ia as well as catB3-like genes for phenicol resistance were only detected in human isolates. Among virulence genes, the increased serum survival gene iss was predominant in all host groups. Although the majority of gentamicin resistant E. coli strains were characterized by diverse antimicrobial resistance, and virulence gene patterns, accentuated links between catB3-like, aac(6')-Ib, bla(CTX-M-1) and sat genes could be detected in human strains. Further resistance/virulence gene associations (tet(A) with iroN and iss) were detected in poultry strains. In conclusion, the simultaneous characterization of antimicrobial resistance and virulence genotypes of representative clinical and commensal strains of E. coli should be useful for the identification of emerging genotypes with human and or animal health implications.     

内蒙古地区肉牛养殖兽药使用情况调查与分析

针对内蒙古肉牛养殖主要生产区养殖场基本信息和兽药使用的现状进行调研。结果表明,内蒙古地区肉牛养殖以中小型规模养殖为主,经营模式多样,以养殖合作社为主体;常用治疗药物以抗菌药物为主,以庆大霉素使用频率最高;肉牛养殖过程中主要发生的疾病是呼吸道疾病和消化道疾病,氟苯尼考和阿莫西林、黏菌素分别是内蒙古地区肉牛呼吸道疾病和消化道疾病的首选治疗药物;与中大型养殖场用药种类相对单一、频次较少相比,小型养殖场用药种类和频次相对较多。当前的用药模式可能带来病原微生物耐药性逐渐增强和产品兽药残留超标的风险。     

Bilateral seminal vesiculitis and ampullitis in a stallion

A Thoroughbred stallion suspected of having venereal disease was found to have an infection of the accessory sex glands. Purulent debris, blood, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were recovered from all ejaculates. Treatment with gentamicin sulfate, tobramycin, and amikacin sulfate was unsuccessful in eliminating the infection. The stallion's seminal plasma, collected during treatment with gentamicin sulfate, did not contain any appreciable antibacterial activity. Apparently, negligible amounts of gentamicin diffused across the mucosal cell borders of the accessory sex glands into the seminal plasma. Bilateral seminal vesiculitis and ampullitis were evident on examination of the reproductive tract when the stallion was euthanatized.     

Quality documentation challenges for veterinary clinical pathology laboratories

An increasing number of veterinary laboratories worldwide have obtained or are seeking certification based on international standards, such as the International Organization for Standardization/International Electrotechnical Commission 17025. Compliance with any certification standard or quality management system requires quality documentation, an activity that may present several unique challenges in the case of veterinary laboratories. Research specifically addressing quality documentation is conspicuously absent in the veterinary literature. This article provides an overview of the quality system documentation needed to comply with a quality management system with an emphasis on preparing written standard operating procedures specific for veterinary laboratories. In addition, the quality documentation challenges that are unique to veterinary clinical pathology laboratories are critically evaluated against the existing quality standards and discussed with respect to possible solutions and/or recommended courses of action. Documentation challenges include the establishment of quality requirements for veterinary tests, the use or modification of human analytic methods for animal samples, the limited availability of quality control materials satisfactory for veterinary clinical pathology laboratories, the limited availability of veterinary proficiency programs, and the complications in establishing species-specific reference intervals.