狼毒大戟抗菌抗病毒作用初步研究

通过对狼毒大戟的抗菌、抗病毒及药物毒性进行了初步研究表明，狼毒大戟提取物对大肠杆菌，沙门氏杆菌、绿脓杆菌、变形杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC值分别为：25mg/ml、12.5mgm/ml、12.5mg/ml、12.5mg/ml、3.125mg/ml。对NDV、CPV的最大抑制率为53.68%、53.96%。结果证明狼毒大戟对细菌、病毒有抑制作用。     

抗菌中药的作用机理研究进展

中药在防治疾病上作用,是以调动机体一切有利因素,调动机体的反应性、提高免疫功能和防御功能而法除病邪,康复机体[1]。抗菌中药作用机理也是如此,少数是其有效成分直接作用于菌体,大多数抗菌机理是激发调动动物机体内在的抗菌积极因素,以及降低细菌毒力和减轻细菌对组织细胞的     

板蓝根的药理作用及临床应用

板蓝根（Radix isatidis）别名靛青根、蓝靛根、靛根，为十字花科植物菘蓝（1salis tinctoria L．）根，具有清热解毒、凉血利咽之功效，常用于治疗温热病等，是传统的抗病毒中药之一。随着现代医学理论及实验技术广泛应用于中医药的研究，对板蓝根的基础研究日趋深入，其临床应用范围也逐步拓宽。     

板蓝根多糖对雏鸡红细胞免疫黏附功能的研究

板蓝根具有清热解毒、凉血利咽的功效，含有多糖、氨基酸、谷甾醇等成分。板蓝根多糖（BPS）能增强机体免疫系统的功能。目前，BPS对青脚麻雏鸡红细胞免疫功能的研究尚未见报道，本试验通过研究板蓝根多糖对青脚麻雏鸡红细胞免疫黏附功能的影响，探讨板蓝根多糖的作用机制，确定板蓝根多糖在兽医实践中的应用价值。     

复方抗病毒中药对小白鼠免疫功能的影响研究

随着畜牧业的发展,动物疾病日益增多,且大多不是单一的细菌或病毒感染,而是多种细菌和病毒混合感染。加之一些养殖场用药不合理、临床治疗用药与饲料促生长用药的配伍不当,而造成细菌对西药产生了不同程度的耐药性,导致疾病治疗效果不佳。天然中草药具有多能性（营养作用、增强免疫作用、抗应激和双向调节作用、抗微生物作用等）、无毒副作用、无抗药性、天然性等特点,尤其是其独特的抗菌和寄生虫的作用机理,不致产生抗药性,并可长期添加使用,     

中药在兽医临床抗病毒的作用机理

中医药临床防治中具有毒副作用小,药源丰富,价格低廉,能调节整体免疫功能,抑制病毒复制,阻止病毒致细胞病变,改善临床症状,在治疗病毒感染性疾病方面显示出了独特的优势。     

中药抗病毒作用机理与畜牧兽医临床的应用前景

近年来,随着畜牧养殖业的快速发展,极大的推动着畜牧经济增长。但由于受到诸多因素的影响,特别在近两年非洲猪瘟病毒的肆虐,让养猪界承受巨大损失。其次禽流感疫情,疫情威胁依然严重,畜禽疾病呈现高发趋势,病毒变异较快,对疫苗研发非常不利,畜禽健康及养殖业长远发展受到严峻挑战。在兽医临床疾病防治中,一味使用抗生素等西药,畜禽极易产生耐药和拮抗,人类过量食用高激素和高药残的畜产品,将对人类健康引起严重威胁和不良影响。尽管国家近几年大力倡导减少和控制抗生素药物的使用,并进行监管、抽查和处罚等手段,但养殖企业往往为追求立杆见影的短期效果,常常往饲料和饮水中添加过量抗生素制剂,畜产品药残严重超标现象累禁不止。     

板蓝根的化学成分、药理作用及在兽医临床上的应用

1化学成分 板蓝根又称靛青根、蓝靛根、大青根,为植物菘蓝或草大青的干燥根。呈细长圆柱形,长约10～20～30厘米,直径3～8毫米。表面浅灰黄色,粗糙,有纵皱纹及横斑痕,并有支根痕,根头部略膨大,顶端有一凹窝,周边有暗绿色的叶柄残基,较粗的根并现密集的疣状突起及轮状排列的灰棕色的叶柄痕。质坚实而脆,断面皮部黄白色至浅棕色,木质部黄色。气微弱,味微甘。以根平直粗壮、坚实、粉性大者为佳。     

白毒注射液的抗病毒作用及免疫功能研究

将不同浓度的白毒注射液分别与鸡新城疫病毒、犬瘟热病毒作用2h后，接种鸡胚成纤维细胞，同时设对照组，72h后观察细胞病变(CPE)；另将不同剂量白毒注射液和鸡新城疫灭活疫苗配合使用，同时设对照组，定期对免疫鸡群新城疫血清抗体进行检测。试验结果表明：白毒注射液对鸡新城疫病毒、犬瘟热病毒引起的鸡胚成纤维细胞病变有一定程度的抑制作用；白毒注射液对鸡群有免疫协同作用，主要表现在加快免疫反应和增强免疫反应两个方面。     

七种中药抗鸡新城疫病毒作用的研究

金银花、板蓝根、黄芪、蒲公英、鱼腥草、连翘和黄芩7种中药是临床常用于防治畜禽疾病的药物,其对鸡新城疫病毒的抗病毒效果试验未见系统研究。试验通过鸡胚法研究了7种中药对鸡新城疫病毒的抗病毒效果,为其临床应用和药物组方奠定了理论基础。现将结果报道如下。1试验材料鸡新城疫病毒(NDV)LaSota株,由黑龙江八一农垦大学动物科技学院微生物教研室提供;金银花、板蓝根、黄芪、蒲公英、鱼腥草、连翘、黄芩,均购自哈尔滨市中药材批发市场;9日龄非免疫鸡胚,购自哈尔滨市某种鸡场。2试验方法2.1中药溶液的制备采用水提醇沉法提取中药有效成分…     

板蓝根超微粉粉体特性及水溶性成分溶出研究

通过对板蓝根超微粉碎粉体特性研究,为中药超微粉推广应用提供依据。试验通过扫描电镜、激光粒度分析仪及高效液相色谱对板蓝根超微粉、板蓝根普通粉的粒度及水溶性活性成分溶出进行检测,探讨超微粉碎对中药粉碎粒度、活性成分溶出影响。试验结果显示板蓝根超微粉和普通粉D50分别为5.6 μm、171.058 μm;比表面积分别为1.551 cm2/g、0.225 cm2/g;休止角分别为47.43°、42.95°;松密度分别为0.39 g/cm3、0.48 g/cm3。电镜观察超微粉看不到完整细胞结构,多为细胞碎片,而普通粉可以看到完整的细胞。板蓝根超微粉和普通粉水溶性浸出物的溶出量大约为50%和42%。板蓝根超微粉和普通粉多糖提取率分别为9.34%和8.36%。板蓝根超微粉和普通粉中(R,S)-告依春的含量1.068 mg/g、0.784 mg/g。结论：板蓝根经过超微粉碎后,中直粒径可达5.6μm,细胞破壁率可达100%,而普通粉破壁率仅为31.74%;板蓝根经超微粉碎对多糖的溶出显示为超微粉大于普通粉,板蓝根超微粉水溶性活性成分告依春溶出率优于普通粉。     

Study on the Anti-Escherichia coli Activity and Mechanism of Water Extract of Radix isatidis Powder

In order to explore the antibacterial activity and mechanism of the Radix isatidis powder water extract,the effects of the Radix isatidis powder water extract on the morphology and structure of Escherichia coli (E.coli) were tested by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy.The effects of the Radix isatidis powder water extract on the conductivity and total leakage rate of E.coli and the content of alkaline phosphatase in the culture medium of the content of protein,DNA and RNA were stained by DAPI to detect the effect of the Radix isatidis powder water extract on the nucleic acid of E.coli,and the effect of the Radix isatidis powder water extract on the metabolism of E.coli in vivo,in vitro,ALT,AST,pyruvic acid and ATP.The results showed that after the Radix isatidis powder water extract acted on E.coli for 10 h,it was observed by SEM that the bacteria appeared to overflow and shrink,the length of the bacteria became shorter obviously,many residues were formed due to breakage,some of them were sunken in the middle and deformed.Under TEM,it was observed that the boundary of the cell wall of E.coli was unclear,the wall membrane was zigzag,deformed and some of the bacteria were broken.The protein content outside the cell was significantly different from that in the blank control group from 8 h (P<0.01), and that in the cell from 4 h (P<0.01). DNA content had no significant difference with blank control group before 12 h (P>0.05), but had significant difference with blank control group from 16 h (P<0.01); RNA content began to decrease at 8 h, and was significantly different from blank control group at 12 h (P<0.05), and was extremely significant from 16 h (P<0.01). There was no significant difference between ALT and AST (P>0.05). The pyruvate content in culture medium and bacteria was higher than that in blank control group, and the difference was very significant from 4 h (P<0.01). The ATP content in the culture medium was significantly different from that in the blank control group (P<0.01), and the ATP content in the cell was significantly different from that in the blank control group from 4 h (P<0.01).In conclusion,the Radix isatidis powder water extract could inhibit the synthesis and metabolism of bacterial genetic material and the content of pyruvate and ATP by destroying the integrity of cell wall and cell membrane.     

板蓝根微粉水提物抗大肠杆菌活性及其机制的探究

为了探究板蓝根微粉水提物的抗菌活性及其抗菌机制,试验通过扫描电镜、透射电镜检测板蓝根微粉水提物对大肠杆菌形态和结构影响;酶标仪测定板蓝根微粉对大肠杆菌电导率、胞内物质总漏出率影响;测定大肠杆菌培养液中碱性磷酸酶含量以及大肠杆菌菌体内、外蛋白质含量;通过DAPI染色DNA、RNA,检测板蓝根微粉水提物对大肠杆菌核酸的影响;检测板蓝根微粉水提物对大肠杆菌菌体内、外谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、谷草转氨酶（AST）、丙酮酸以及三磷酸腺苷（ATP）等菌体内代谢的影响。结果显示,板蓝根微粉水提物作用大肠杆菌10 h后,扫描电镜检测可见菌体出现溢缩,菌体长度明显变短,断裂形成许多残体,有的中间凹陷,发生变形;透射电镜下可观察大肠杆菌的胞壁界限模糊不清,壁膜呈现锯齿状,弯弯曲曲,变形,有的菌体破碎。总漏出率、电导率以及碱性磷酸酶含量测定结果显示,板蓝根微粉水提物各组D_{600 nm}均高于空白对照组,且呈剂量依赖性。菌体外蛋白质含量从8 h开始与空白对照组差异极显著（P<0.01）;菌体内蛋白质含量从4 h开始与空白对照组差异极显著（P<0.01）。DNA含量在12 h前与空白对照组无显著差异（P>0.05）,从16 h开始与空白对照组差异极显著（P<0.01）;RNA含量在8 h开始降低,在12 h时与空白对照组差异显著（P<0.05）,从16 h开始差异极显著（P<0.01）。ALT和AST浓度测定无显著性差异（P>0.05）。培养液和菌体内的丙酮酸含量均高于空白对照组,且从4 h开始与空白对照组差异极显著（P<0.01）。培养液中的ATP含量与空白对照组差异极显著（P<0.01）;菌体内ATP含量从4 h开始与空白对照组差异极显著（P<0.01）。综上,板蓝根微粉水提物可以通过破坏细胞壁、细胞膜的完整性,抑制细菌遗传物质合成和代谢,影响丙酮酸和ATP含量从而实现抗大肠杆菌作用。     

板黄口服液在靶动物鸡中的安全性研究

本研究按板黄口服液临床推荐剂量的1（1%）、3（3%）、5（5%）、10（10%）倍连续给药21 d,对给药后靶动物鸡的临床血液学、血液生化学、脏器系数和组织病理学方面的数据与对照组进行比较,应用SPSS 17.0软件进行t检验,统计分析组间各指标的差异显著性,为其临床应用的安全性提供数据资料;试验结果显示与对照组相比,各板黄口服液剂量组靶动物鸡的临床血液学、血液生化学、增重和脏器系数等指标差异均不显著（P>0.05）。试验结果表明10倍推荐剂量（10%）板黄口服液对靶动物鸡是安全的。     

板蓝根凝集素的分离及其对小鼠免疫功能的影响

采用丙酮盐溶液及硫酸铵分级沉淀法对生药板蓝根进行凝集素的粗提,并对其部分性质进行了研究.结果表明,在pH 8和NaCl浓度为0.6 mol/L时提取的凝集效果最好,20%硫酸铵分级沉淀凝集最多;丙酮盐溶液的可溶性糖含量和还原性糖含量分别是20.45%和3.40%;硫酸铵提取物的可溶性糖含量为0.03%,但还原性糖含量很低;丙酮提取液组小鼠巨噬细胞的吞噬指数和吞噬百分率明显高于对照组.     

Levamisole and its influence on the immune response of lambs

Ten parasite-free lambs were drenched with 8 mg/kg of levamisole on days 0 and 28 and were injected with human erythrocytes and ovalbumin one day after each drench. Ten other antigen-injected lambs were not drenched with anthelmintic as controls. Lymphocytes from the control and drenched lambs were culturedin vitro with RPMI 1640 plus 5% fetal calf serum (FCS), with 50% autologous serum only, with concanavalin A (Con A) or with phytohaemagglutinin (PHA). Decreased blastogenesis was observed in cells from the drenched lambs cultured in the presence or absence of mitogen and was most obvious when 50% autologous serum was used, particularly with PHA, and when lymphocytes were collected 3 and 7 days after the first and 3 days after the second antigen injection. There were no significant changes in antibody titres between the groups. Decreased serum complement activity was seen 3 days after the second antigen injection in the drenched lambs. Although there was a significant reduction in the serum insulin-like growth factor I levels 4 days after each levamisole drench, the drenched lambs gained significantly more weight than the non-drenched control lambs.Abbreviations Con A concanavalin - EIA enzyme immunoassay - FCS fetal calf serum - GH growth hormone - IGF-I insulin growth factor I - PHA phytohaemagglutinin     

板蓝根、黄芪对猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒的体外抑制作用

为了解中草药黄芪、板蓝根对病毒增殖的抑制作用,对黄芪、板蓝根及二者联合使用在Marc-145的单层细胞上对猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)增殖的抑制作用进行了研究。结果表明,板蓝根能够显著抑制PRRSV体外增殖,对PRRSV的最小直接杀灭浓度为0.195 mg/mL,最小阻断浓度为0.097 mg/mL;黄芪对PRRSV增殖的抑制作用较弱。板蓝根、黄芪联合使用时对PRRSV的抑制作用显著增强,板蓝根对PRRSV的最小直接杀灭浓度降为0.097 mg/mL,最小阻断浓度降为0.049 mg/mL。     

The influence of environment on development of the mucosal immune system

The mucosal immune system expresses active responses against pathogens and also tolerance against harmless food and commensal bacterial antigens. The mechanisms that determine which of these outcomes occur after recognition of antigens by T-cells are not clear. One possibility is that it is determined by the initial interaction between a dendritic and a na?ve T-cell in organised lymphoid tissue. However, such organised structures are, evolutionarily, quite recent and the original immune system must have made appropriate responses in more diffuse immunological architecture; a second possibility is that the critical interaction is between primed T-cells and their environment, in the lamina propria of the intestine. The mucosal immune system of neonates is poorly developed and inefficient at expressing appropriate immune responses. Development is influenced by a range of environmental factors including maternally derived antigen or antibody and commensal flora and pathogens. The intestine is a complex immunological structure in which the immune system and the macro- and microenvironment interact.     

几种植物挥发油的抗菌作用研究

通过香薷、藿香、大蒜、苍术、艾叶等植物挥发油对仔猪黄白痢大肠杆菌、奶牛乳房炎链球葡、奶牛乳房炎酵母类真菌、孔雀肺炎球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌标准株抗菌作用的研究，初步证实了香薷挥发油、大蒜挥发油对上述临床病原菌具有较强的抑制作用。     

红芪、党参复方添加剂对肉仔鸡抗氧化能力和免疫功能的影响

试验选用180只1日龄AA肉公雏,采用单因子完全随机设计,分为3个处理,每处理6个重复,每个重复10只鸡。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ组在基础日粮基础上添加5 mg/kg黄霉素,试验Ⅱ组在基础日粮基础上添加1%红芪党参复方添加剂。试验期为6周。旨在研究饲粮中添加红芪、党参复方添加剂对肉仔鸡抗氧化能力和免疫功能的影响。结果表明,与对照组相比,饲粮中添加红芪、党参复方添加剂能显著提高肉仔鸡21日龄血浆和所有脏器以及42日龄血浆和心脏的超氧化物歧化酶活性(P<0.05);除42日龄肾脏外,红芪、党参复方能显著提高肉鸡前、后期血浆和所有脏器的谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性(P<0.05);红芪党参添加组21、42日龄肉仔鸡T-淋巴细胞酸性α萘酯酶染色阳性率(ANAE+)显著提高(P≤0.018)。结果说明,红芪、党参复方添加剂能提高肉鸡的抗氧化能力和细胞免疫功能。