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1.
采用 4× 4拉丁方设计 ,研究了梅花鹿饲粮糊化淀粉尿素氮水平对营养物质消化和代谢的影响。结果表明 :饲粮糊化淀粉尿素氮水平对能量、氮、干物质的消化率及能量、氮的代谢率等指标的影响 ,各处理组间差异均不显著 (P <0 0 5) ,饲粮糊化淀粉尿素氮水平达到 0 75%[2 3 85g/(日·头 ) ]时 ,对营养物质消化和代谢没有不良影响 ,6岁梅花鹿生茸期饲粮中添加0 75%的糊化淀粉尿素氮是安全的。  相似文献   

2.
为探讨不同蛋白质水平配合日粮对育成早期梅花鹿消化代谢的影响,选择4只9月龄雄性梅花鹿,按4×4拉丁方设计,进行消化代谢试验。结果表明,不同蛋白质水平配合日粮(蛋白质水平分别为10.27%、14.26%、15.61%、18.60%)对梅花鹿体重及日增重、干物质采食量及消化率、蛋白质采食量、沉积量、可消化蛋白质量、蛋白质消化率及代谢率、钙磷采食量及消化率、血液总蛋白及白蛋白浓度差异不显著(P>0.05);对血清尿素氮浓度具有显著性差异(P<0.05)。当配合日粮蛋白质水平为15.61%时,蛋白质代谢率为30.64%。蛋白质沉积量y1与蛋白质采食量x1呈正相关,二者之间的回归方程为:y1=0.394x1-27.568,R2=0.882 8,n=8(P<0.05)。  相似文献   

3.
日粮蛋白质水平对生茸期梅花鹿能量代谢的影响   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
采用呼吸测热试验和消化代谢试验等方法 ,就不同蛋白质水平对梅花鹿生茸期能量转化效率的影响进行了研究。结果表明 ,日粮蛋白质水平显著影响能量代谢率和甲烷能产量。高蛋白质水平日粮可使能量代谢率和甲烷能产量显著下降  相似文献   

4.
为探讨不同蛋白质水平配合日粮对雄性梅花鹿消化率及血液生化指标的影响,选择14头1岁雄性梅花鹿随机分成4组,分别饲喂4种不同蛋白质水平的配合日粮(粗蛋白质含量分别为10.27%、14.26%、15.61%和18.60%)。通过饲养试验和消化试验,测定并分析仔鹿干物质采食量、体重、营养物质采食量及消化率、蛋白质采食量及消化率、料重比以及血清生化指标。结果表明,1岁雄性梅花鹿配合日粮适宜蛋白质水平为18.60%。  相似文献   

5.
为了探讨日粮钙水平和钙磷比对梅花鹿生茸期血液某些生化指标影响 ,采用单钙因子 4个水平(分别为 :1 0 .74 %、2 0 .92 %、3 1 .0 9%、4 1 .2 7% )的日粮设计 ,将选出的 3 7头健康和上年产茸量相近的 6岁梅花鹿随机分配到 4个日粮处理组中 ( 1组为 1 0头 ,其它三组各为 9头 ) ,进行饲养试验 ,另选 4头健康、生茸正常 6岁生茸期梅花鹿 ,同样接受 4个钙水平日粮 (同饲养试验 )处理 ,分别放入 4个特制的消化代谢笼中 ,按 4× 4拉丁方设计进行钙平衡试验。试验结果表明 :4个日粮钙水平处理对血清的钙、磷、尿素氮含量和碱性磷酸酶 (AKP下同 )活性 ,均无显著影响 (P >0 .0 5)。  相似文献   

6.
为了研究生长期杜×寒F1代肉羊能量和蛋白质水平对营养物质消化代谢的影响,试验采用4×4拉丁方试验,设计4种不同能量和蛋白水平日粮,分别为低能低蛋白组(1组)、高能低蛋白组(2组)、低能高蛋白组(3组)、高能高蛋白组(4组),测定杜×寒F1代育肥羊能量和蛋白质的消化代谢规律。结果表明:日粮能量及蛋白质水平对育肥羊干物质采食量、平均日增重和营养物质消化率都有显著影响(P0.05);4组的可消化粗蛋白、净蛋白利用率显著高于1,2,3组(P0.05);4组总能消化率、总能代谢率、消化能代谢率最高,显著高于1组(P0.05);4组的增重收益及毛收益最高。说明日粮能量水平为11.92 MJ/kg、粗蛋白含量为11.52%的高能高蛋白(4组)日粮最适合饲喂本地杜×寒F1代肉羊。  相似文献   

7.
6岁梅花鹿生茸期饲粮适宜钙水平的研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
本试验研究了饲粮中不同钙水平对6岁生茸期梅花鹿的钙、磷、氟消化代谢的影响。选4头健康、生茸正常的6岁生茸期梅花鹿 ,分别放入4个特制的消化代谢笼中 ,接受4个钙水平(Ⅰ:0.74 %、Ⅱ :0.92 %、Ⅲ :1.09 %、Ⅳ :1.27 %)的饲粮处理 ,按4×4拉丁方设计进行钙平衡试验。试验结果表明 :4个饲粮钙水平对钙的消化率和代谢率的影响 ,均以第Ⅰ组效果较好 ,但各组间差异不显著(P>0.05) ;而对磷、氟的消化率和代谢率影响显著(P<0.05) ,这些指标均随钙水平提高而降低 ;对血清钙、磷、羟脯氨酸(HPY)的含量、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活性和尿羟脯氨酸含量的影响各组间差异均不显著(P>0.05)。综合上述结果 ,在本试验设计范围内 ,6岁梅花鹿生茸期饲粮适宜钙水平和钙磷比分别为0.74 %、1.54 :1  相似文献   

8.
为了研究添加单纯麦饭石及强化微量元素麦饭石的营养效果,配制4个处理的日粮,即基础日粮组、3%湖南麦饭石(HMF)组、3%中华麦饭石(CMF)组、0.5%湖南麦饭石+微量元素(HMFME)组,选用4头杜洛克×长白二元杂交猪,采用4×4拉丁方设计进行消化代谢试验,分别测定了4种日粮的营养物质消化代谢率。结果,4种日粮中,麦饭石补加了微量元素的HMFME日粮效果最好,对营养物质的消化和代谢均有明显改善,除NDF外,HMFME日粮各种常规营养物质消化率显著高于其它3种日粮(P<0.05),干物质、有机物、能量、粗蛋白、酸性洗涤纤维的消化率比基础日粮分别提高3.89%、4.24%、5.54%、8.17%、34.2%,比单一湖南麦饭石日粮分别提高7.85%、4.87%、5.93%、11.47%、41.6%。各种氨基酸消化率,不管是必需氨基酸还是非必需氨基酸消化率均显著高于另外3种日粮(P<0.05),其中第一氨基酸赖氨酸、第二限制性氨基酸蛋氨酸和总必需氨基酸(EAA)的消化率比基础日粮分别高11.41%、44.17%、15.94%,比单一湖南麦饭石日粮则分别高10.08%、23.34%、12.63%。两个单一添加麦饭石的日粮,营养物质消化代谢结果几乎完全一致,单一添加麦饭石对营养物质的消化率没有明显影响,但可明显改善营养物质在体内的代谢,能量和蛋白质代谢的各种营养指标均显著地高于对照的基础?  相似文献   

9.
为探讨 3岁梅花鹿生茸期饲粮适宜营养水平 ,本研究采用 2 (CP∶2 1%和 19% )× 2 (GE∶16 74MJ/kg和 15 90MJ/kg)二因子交叉设计 ,选用 3岁 (二锯 )梅花公鹿 6 7头 ,分为 4个试验组 ,进行了饲养试验和消化试验。试验结果表明 ,饲粮蛋白质水平对鹿体增重有显著影响 (P <0 0 5 ) ,在本试验所设能量浓度范围内 ,饲粮蛋白质水平为 19%处理组鹿体增重显著高于 2 1%蛋白组 ;鹿茸产量组间差异不显著 (P >0 0 5 ) ;饲粮粗蛋白质水平对蛋白质消化率和能量消化率均有显著影响 (P <0 0 5 ) ;3岁梅花鹿生茸期饲粮中能量、蛋白质适宜水平分别为 15 9~ 16 7MJ/kg (GE)和 19% (CP) ;平均每头鹿每天对消化能和可消化蛋白质的需要量分别为 2 9 9~ 31 3MJ和 388~ 394 g。  相似文献   

10.
韩菲菲  钟伟  王静  李光玉 《中国畜牧兽医》2019,46(11):3225-3233
日粮能量和蛋白质水平可直接影响毛皮动物的健康状况与生产性能,决定日粮成本,产生环境污染效应。日粮中营养物质的能量比和来源会影响动物对日粮能量的利用率,从而影响日粮的有效能值。因此,探究毛皮动物能量与蛋白质需要量,明确日粮中营养物质的能量比和来源对实际生产具有重要意义。作者介绍了毛皮动物能量体系,综述了国内外毛皮动物日粮营养物质能量比和来源、能量与蛋白质需要量及其代谢规律研究进展,并对未来研究发展方向进行展望,旨在为毛皮动物精准化饲养及日粮配制提供参考。  相似文献   

11.
In a 6 x 6 Latin square arrangement, sheep of 41 kg body weight were fed myristic acid [C14:0; 50 g/kg dry matter (DM)] supplemented to two basal diets of forage : concentrate ratios of 1 : 1.5 and 1 : 0.5 and adjusted to dietary calcium (Ca) contents of either 4.2 or 9.0 g/kg DM (the latter only together with C14:0 supplementation). Various variables of energy, fatty acid and Ca metabolism were determined in combined digestibility and respiratory chamber measurements. With C14:0 addition the energy loss via the faeces increased (p < 0.05, post hoc test) without affecting energy digestibility of the complete diet. The apparent digestibility of supplemented C14:0 was higher (p < 0.01) with approximately 0.8 in the forage-based diet than in the concentrate-based diet (approximately 0.6). The elevated levels of plasma C14:0 were mainly accompanied by reduced C18:0 and C18:1 levels. The estimated apparent content of metabolizable energy (ME) of added C14:0 was either 24.5 MJ/kg (concentrate-based diet) or 32.1 MJ/kg (forage-based diet). Extra Ca equalized these differences between basal diets and ME contents amounted to 33.0 MJ/kg on average. As expected from corresponding slight shifts in energy metabolizability, the total efficiency of ME utilization increased (p < 0.1) with C14:0. The lower level of dietary Ca was still within the range recommended, but adding C14:0 to the concentrate-based diet reduced Ca retention in the body of the sheep from 0.9 to -0.1 g/day because of an impaired (p < 0.05, post hoc test) net Ca absorption, whereas no effect was found with the forage-based diet. With C14:0 addition, plasma total phosphorus (P) and serum calcitrol levels increased (p < 0.05, post hoc test) while Ca concentrations did not clearly reflect the reduced net Ca absorption. Increasing the dietary Ca content prevented adverse effects on Ca retention in the concentrate-based diet and improved Ca retention in the forage-based diet. In conclusion, the C14:0 supplementation reduced Ca availability in concentrate-based diets while an additional supply of Ca improved Ca and energy retention. Consequently, Ca supply should exceed recommended levels in diet types where dietary lipids are likely to reduce Ca availability and a compromise in basal diet type has to found to be able to profit best from the energetic value and the methane-suppressing properties of C14:0.  相似文献   

12.
This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of induced urolithiasis by high dietary calcium (Ca) or protein levels on biochemical analyte levels, redox status, selected inflammatory cytokines and histopathology in chickens. A total of 90 one-day-old white Hy-Line chicks were fed basal control diets containing 20% crude protein (CP) and 1% Ca until they reached 44 days of age. After that, the birds were divided into three groups (30 birds per group). All management factors (light, temperature, ventilation, stock density and diet) were identical among the three groups throughout the study except for the dietary Ca and protein percentages. Group I was fed a control diet containing 20% CP and 1% Ca, group II was fed a high-Ca diet containing 5% Ca, and group III was fed a high-protein diet containing 25% CP. Our findings clearly demonstrated that dietary imbalance (caused by high-Ca or high-CP levels) per se in chickens was physiologically harmful, as it was accompanied by post-mortem lesions; biochemical, redox status and histopathological alterations; and upregulation of inflammatory cytokines (interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6). In particular, the birds fed the high-Ca diet clearly exhibited the most obvious alterations in most of the endpoints. In conclusion, this study constitutes the first extensive investigation of the effects of high-Ca or high-protein diets induced urolithiasis on growth performance, redox status, inflammatory cytokine levels and pathological characterization in chickens.  相似文献   

13.
Twenty-four steers initially averaging 221 kg BW were used to evaluate the effects of lysocellin and calcium (Ca) level on performance and ruminal and plasma characteristics. Lysocellin at 0 or 22 mg/kg of diet and Ca at .3 or .6% were fed in a 2 X 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Steers in individual pens had ad libitum access to a diet consisting of 80% corn silage and 20% (DM basis) of a protein, mineral and vitamin supplement. Ruminal fluid and blood samples were collected on d 42 and 85 of the 113-d trial. Steers fed the .6% Ca diet gained faster and required less feed/unit of gain than those fed the .3% Ca diet (P less than .05). There was a tendency for a lysocellin X Ca interaction for gain and feed efficiency (P less than .10). Lysocellin tended to depress performance when fed with .3% Ca, but it tended to improve gain and feed efficiency when fed with .6% Ca. Molar proportions of propionate were higher and those of acetate were lower (P less than .01) for steers fed lysocellin. Ruminal-soluble Zn, Fe and Cu levels were higher (P less than .01) in steers fed lysocellin. Ruminal-soluble Ca (P less than .01) was higher and ruminal-soluble P and Na were lower (P less than .01) in steers fed .6% Ca. Plasma K was higher (P less than .05) in steers fed .6% Ca but it was lower (P less than .05) in steers fed lysocellin. Results of this study indicate that dietary Ca affects certain metabolic responses to lysocellin in growing cattle.  相似文献   

14.
Some cereal by-products, such as bran, exhibit a high phytase activity that may enhance phytate P digestibility. This was studied in growing pigs fed a phytase-rich (1,200 IU/kg) diet containing 20% rye bran. The trial involved 12 animals; six were fed a control diet and six were fed a diet containing rye bran for 2 mo. Both diets contained the same levels of energy, protein, Ca (.7%) and total P (.4%). No inorganic P was added; thus, the dietary P was mainly phytic. Pigs fed the control diet, in contrast to those fed the diet containing rye bran, developed a P deficiency, as indicated by hypophosphatemia, hypophosphaturia, hyperhydroxyprolinuria, hypercalcemia, and hypercalciuria. Phosphorus from the rye bran diet was more completely absorbed (55 vs 36%) and retained (50 vs 36%) than that from the control diet. Calcium absorption was equal for the two diets, but Ca retention was higher in pigs fed rye bran than in controls. Pigs fed the rye bran diet showed greater bone density, ash content, and bending moments than controls. In conclusion, high dietary phytase levels or phytase-rich by-products increased phytate P availability and consequently improved bone scores.  相似文献   

15.
本试验旨在研究饲喂不同钙、磷水平饲粮对伊犁马妊娠后期营养物质消化代谢和血浆生理生化指标的影响,为明确伊犁马在妊娠后期对钙、磷的适宜需要量提供参考。试验选取年龄、胎次、体重相近且无亲缘关系、处于妊娠后期的伊犁母马25匹,按照体重随机分为5组,每组5匹。饲粮钙和磷饲喂量分别为36.00和26.30 g/d(饲粮Ⅰ组)、39.00和28.30 g/d(饲粮Ⅱ组)、42.00和30.30 g/d(饲粮Ⅲ组)、45.00和32.30 g/d(饲粮Ⅳ组)以及48.00和34.30 g/d(饲粮Ⅴ组)。饲养试验为期30 d,其中预试期10 d,正试期20 d。试验期间采集各组饲粮、剩料、粪便和尿液样本用于测定常规营养成分含量,试验结束后采集空腹血样以测定血浆生理生化指标。结果表明:饲粮钙、磷水平对各营养物质的表观消化率均无显著影响(P0.05),对总能、氮、钙、磷的保留率及可消化能、可消化氮、可消化磷的利用率均无显著影响(P0.05),对血浆中离子钙、甲状旁腺素、骨钙素、胎盘催乳素、垂体泌乳素、孕酮、甲状腺素、三碘甲状腺氨酸和胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅰ水平亦无显著影响(P0.05)。此外,饲粮钙、磷水平对血浆中肌酐、尿素氮、甘油三酯和游离脂肪酸的水平也无显著影响(P0.05)。饲粮Ⅰ、饲粮Ⅱ和饲粮Ⅲ组可消化钙利用率显著高于饲粮Ⅴ组(P0.05),当饲粮钙、磷水平分别超过42.00和30.30 g/d时,可消化钙的利用率逐渐下降。饲粮Ⅱ和饲粮Ⅴ组母马血浆中磷水平显著高于饲粮Ⅳ组(P0.05)。除饲粮Ⅴ组外,随着饲粮钙、磷水平的增加,血浆中降钙素水平有升高的趋势(P0.10)。饲粮Ⅱ和饲粮Ⅳ组血浆中雌二醇水平显著低于饲粮Ⅰ组(P0.05),饲粮Ⅲ组则显著低于饲粮Ⅰ和饲粮Ⅴ组(P0.05)。血浆中雌酮水平的变化规律与雌二醇一致。此外,提高饲粮钙、磷水平可增加血浆中生长激素的水平,除饲粮Ⅲ组外,其他各组血浆中生长激素水平均显著高于饲粮Ⅰ组(P0.05)。由此可见,当饲粮钙水平在36.00~48.00 g/d、磷水平在26.30~34.30 g/d之间时,增加饲粮钙、磷水平不影响妊娠后期伊犁马营养物质的消化代谢,但血浆中雌二醇和雌酮水平降低,而生长激素水平增加。  相似文献   

16.
日粮组成对成年牦牛消化和能量代谢的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
在海拔3980m的果洛州大武乡对3头成年牦牛饲喂3种不同的日粮,按3×3拉丁方设计安排消化代谢试验,结果表明:(1)随日粮中精料比例的增加,粗蛋白的消化率逐渐升高,而其它各营养成分的消化率则逐渐降低,且日粮粗蛋白、粗灰分和能量消化率之间的差异显著(P〈0.05),干物质和有机物质消化率之间的差异不显著(P〉0.05);(2)能量代谢率和消化能转化为代谢能的效率之间的差异显著(P〈0.05),且其平均转化效率为0.77;(3)钙、磷食入量之间的差异不显著(P〈0.05),磷存留量随日粮中精料比例的增加而增加;钙存留量在B日粮下最大,B日粮显著高于A和C日粮。  相似文献   

17.
R. Nieto  I. Seiquer  J.F. Aguilera   《Livestock Science》2008,116(1-3):275-288
The effects of dietary protein content (DPC) from excessive (192 g/kg DM) to marginally deficient (101 g/kg DM) upon whole-body retention of Ca and P was studied in 25 purebred Iberian pigs growing from 15 to 50 kg BW by means of a comparative slaughter experiment which included a digestibility trial. Ca and P retention related to intake remained unaffected at 0.228 ± 0.0072 and 0.184 ± 0.0052, reaching 3.64 ± 0.119 and 2.00 ± 0.057 g Ca and P per day respectively. Pigs fed on diets containing protein levels in excess of requirements had significantly higher concentrations of Ca and P (P < 0.05) in their bodies (14.41–14.99 and 7.88–8.08 g Ca and P/kg fat-free empty-body gain respectively) than those given adequate or marginally deficient amounts of dietary protein (11.80–12.72 and 6.61–7.01 g Ca and P/kg fat-free empty-body gain respectively). In a second experiment, made with 25 Iberian pigs of 21 kg initial weight, daily intakes of Ca and P to maintain zero retention were determined using five experimental diets in which the concentrations of Ca and P were varied by the addition of graded levels of Ca carbonate and inorganic phosphate to a basal diet balanced in protein-to-energy ratio (131 g CP; 13.8–14.4 MJ ME/kg DM). Growth rate and protein deposition were unaffected by the level of Ca and P in the diet and reached average values of 485 ± 15.4 and 103 ± 1.2 g/d. Increasing the dietary Ca and P levels increased the absolute amounts of Ca and P retained daily from 0.69 to 5.77 and 1.12 to 3.70 g respectively (P < 0.001). Highly significant (P < 0.001) curvilinear regressions were obtained when relating Ca and P absorption or retention (g/d) with Ca and P intake (g/d). From these equations, daily maintenance requirements of 105 and 72 mg/kg BW for Ca and P respectively were obtained. Average total net requirements of Ca and P for the Iberian pig at this stage of growth were estimated to be 5.25 and 3.10 g/d respectively, considerably lower than those reported for conventional and high-performance pig genotypes.  相似文献   

18.
围产期高能日粮对奶牛产后乏情的影响   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
目的:观察高能日粮对集约化牛场奶牛产后乏情的防治效果.方法:围产期奶牛饲喂高能日粮(日粮干物质的摄入量:88.89%;脂肪:4.89%;粗纤维:19.39%;蛋白质:17.09%;钙:0.66%;磷:0.38%;能量:24.07 MJ/kg)后,检测血液中生殖激素的浓度和变化规律,并观察奶牛的发情情况.结果:饲喂高能日粮奶牛血浆中生殖激素浓度及规律符合发情奶牛标准.结论:高能日粮饲喂奶牛有利于奶牛产后的发情.  相似文献   

19.
试验比较了轻(蛋)、重(肉)型鸡0~10周的生长发育、体成分和营养物质利用率,同时观察了饲粮能量水平对二类型鸡的影响效应。白来航和白洛克公鸡喂以相同蛋白质水平(19%)而不同能量浓度的三个饲粮(能量浓度分别为2.72,2.95和3.16千卡/克)。 采食同样饲粮的情况下,肉鸡具有较快的生长速度(肉鸡体重在10周末是蛋鸡的2.37倍,采食量是1.76倍)和较高的体脂肪(%)(P<0.01)。饲料效率、能量效率和蛋白质利用效率(%)均非常显著地高于蛋鸡(P<0.01),而体蛋白(%)低于蛋鸡(P<0.01)。认为肉鸡生长较快不仅与采食量有关,较高的饲料、能量和蛋白质利用率也是促进快速生长的重要因素。 在三个供饲能量水平下,肉鸡受能量浓度的影响较明显,尤其是高能水平的饲粮。低能水平的饲粮仅对蛋鸡采食量(P<0.05)和肉鸡体蛋白(P<0.01)有作用。较高的饲粮能量水平不仅使肉鸡生长速度加快,体脂肪增高,而且明显改进饲粮能量和蛋白质利用效率(P<0.01)。  相似文献   

20.
本研究旨在评价棉籽浓缩蛋白的营养价值及其替代大豆浓缩蛋白对断奶仔猪生长性能、营养物质消化率和血清生化指标的影响。试验1:将12头生长猪随机分成2组(每组6个重复,每个重复1头猪),分别饲喂玉米基础饲粮和棉籽浓缩蛋白饲粮。采用全收粪尿法和套算法测定棉籽浓缩蛋白的消化能和代谢能。试验2:将12头生长猪随机分成2组(每组6个重复,每个重复1头猪),分别饲喂无氮饲粮和棉籽浓缩蛋白饲粮。采用指示剂法和直接法测定棉籽浓缩蛋白的粗蛋白质和氨基酸标准回肠消化率。试验3:将192头断奶仔猪随机分成4组(每组6个重复,每个重复8头猪),分别饲喂棉籽浓缩蛋白水平为0、2%、4%和6%(等量替代大豆浓缩蛋白)的试验饲粮,试验期28 d。结果表明:1)风干基础下棉籽浓缩蛋白消化能、代谢能和总能消化率分别为16.51 MJ/kg、15.38 MJ/kg和89.78%。2)棉籽浓缩蛋白的粗蛋白质和氨基酸标准回肠消化率89%和75%~94%。3)不同添加水平的棉籽浓缩蛋白替代大豆浓缩蛋白对断奶仔猪生长性能、营养物质消化率及血清生化指标均没有显著影响(P>0.05)。由此可见,棉籽浓缩蛋白在断奶仔猪饲粮中可以完全...  相似文献   

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