猪理想蛋白质或理想氨基酸模式的研究进展

所谓理想蛋白质 ( IP) ,意指日粮中各必需氨基酸 ( EAA)的组成和比例与动物的需要相吻合 ;理想氨基酸模式 ( IAAP) ,意指理想蛋白质各必需氨基酸的组成相对于赖氨酸的比例关系。IP或 IAAP是完全按照动物维持、生产的需要提供适时的各种氨基酸。且所有氨基酸都摆在同样重要的位置来考虑 ,都可能是第一限制性氨基酸。1　 IP或 IAAP研究的历史现状1.1　历史现状　IP或 IAAP概念最先是由Howard( 195 8)提出的 ,但首先应用 IP的是ARC( 1981)。随后 ,美国 NRC( 1988)、法国AEC( 1993)、加拿大 PSCI( 1995 )等在制定猪氨基酸需要…     

火鸡的理想蛋白质

蛋白质是火鸡日粮的主要成本之一。同时蛋白质对成品的总成本和生产性能具有重要影响。就饲料对火鸡饲养业的重要性而言,相对来说研究得很少。因而使得有关火鸡蛋白质或氨基酸的饲养试验有很大的变化。由干科学和营养的知识取得了进展,家禽是以总粗蛋白为基础来作为对蛋白质的需要(图     

猪鸡理想蛋白质的研究应用概况

饲料配方技术是饲料生产的核心技术,也是动物营养科学研究成果在畜牧生产中的综合应用的具体表现。一个科学的饲料配方,对于合理利用饲料资源、降低动物的饲养成本和减少环境污染发挥着重要的作用。而根据理想蛋白质模式进行日粮配制,是生产高质量、低成本饲料的有效措施之一。１　理想蛋白质模式研究概况以ＡＲＣ（１９８１）较全面描述理想蛋白质模式为标志,理想蛋白质的模式研究不断深入,特别是进入九十年代以来,由于全球性常规蛋白质饲料的不足和人们环保意识的不断增强,推动了理想蛋白质研究从理论发展成为一门技术,并在猪禽生…     

养虾的理想蛋白质

“理想蛋白质”的概念就是家畜的饲料配成含有最低浓度和比率的所需氨基酸以取得最适宜的成绩,饲料配制商已成功地在猪禽上应用这种理论,现在营养学家正注重它在设计虾饲料上的应用。褐虾养殖是全球水产养殖业的一个重要组成部分,特别是地处热带和亚热带的拉丁美洲和东...     

817肉鸡营养需要研究进展

817肉鸡是国内肉鸡养殖的最主要品种之一,但目前尚无针对817肉鸡的营养需要标准,这严重的制约了817肉鸡的养殖及其相关产业的发展.本文综述了817肉鸡的诞生与发展现状和当前面临的问题,同时结合团队开展的相关试验,详细论述了当前817肉鸡营养需要的相关研究进展,以期为817肉鸡养殖和饲料生产提供理论基础.     

淀粉消化特性对肉仔鸡蛋白质代谢的影响

淀粉是肉仔鸡能量的重要来源,肉鸡体内50%的代谢能是由淀粉提供的。本文主要综述了饲料淀粉的消化特性对肉仔鸡蛋白质代谢的影响。     

Possibility of amino acid nutrition in broiler

The consumption of poultry meats exceeds 50% of total meat consumption. With the outbreak of bovine spongiform encephalopathy and foot and mouth disease, the consumption of poultry meat is set to increase. The use of meat bone meal derived from cattle and pigs is prohibited. Therefore, plant protein has to be used more frequently and the importance of the study of amino acid nutrition is increasing. In order to improve dietary efficiency, it is necessary to elucidate the exact amino acid requirements of poultry. The amino acid requirements are not constant and are affected by various factors. By using the plasma amino acid concentration as a parameter, it is possible to predict the amino acid requirements within a short period using a small number of animals repeatedly. By satisfying the amino acid requirements through supplementing crystalline amino acids, it is possible to reduce dietary protein and excretory nitrogen simultaneously. However, when the dietary protein is reduced, the abdominal fat tends to increase. This is solved by deciding the optimum dietary protein level, but it is difficult to control the taste of poultry meat by dietary amino acids.     

鸡肉品质营养调控技术研究进展

鸡肉不但具有高蛋白、低脂肪和低胆固醇的优点,而且肉质嫩滑、滋味鲜美,目前肉鸡产量大幅提高与肉品质的下降之间的矛盾日益突出。鸡肉品质受到遗传、营养、饲养和屠宰加工等多种因素的影响。国内外大量研究表明通过营养调控技术能较好地改善鸡肉品质。文章就肉质评定指标、肉质影响因素及鸡肉品质营养调控现状进行综述,以期为相关技术实际应用提供参考。     

肉鸭蛋白质营养研究进展

文章综述了肉鸭蛋白质(氨基酸)营养研究进展。分析认为,提高肉鸭饲粮蛋白在体内的利用与沉积效率是提高饲料转化效率的主要途径;饲粮适宜的蛋白质(氨基酸)水平、能蛋比和理想蛋白氨基酸模式对于充分发挥肉鸭的生长潜力非常必要。     

Effect of vitamins,protein level and probiotics on immune response of moulted male broiler breeders

This study was planned to investigate the comparative effect of vitamins C (L‐ascorbic acid), E (DL‐α‐tocopherol acetate), probiotics, lower than normal protein level (14%) and combination of these treatments on immune response of male broiler breeders after zinc‐induced moulting. One hundred and eighty birds at the age of 65 weeks were induced to moult by mixing zinc oxide (ZnO) in feed at the rate 3000 IU/kg of feed. Upon completion of moulting, birds were divided into six groups (five replicates per group) in a completely randomized design and were fed vitamin C (500 IU/kg), vitamin E (100 IU/kg), lower protein level, probiotics (50 mg/l), and a combination of these components, while one group was kept as control. After completion of moulting phase (5 weeks), the treatment effects were tested as in vitro macrophages engulfment percentage, nitric oxide (NO) production, serum antibody titres against Newcastle disease (ND) and infectious bronchitis (IB). The results showed that in vitro macrophage engulfment percentage in unopsonized conditions was significantly higher in vitamin E‐supplemented group. In addition, in opsonized condition, the macrophage engulfment percentage was significantly higher in both vitamin E‐ and C‐supplemented groups. The NO (opsonized and unopsonized) production and antibody titre against ND and IB were significantly higher in vitamin E‐supplemented group. It was concluded that vitamin E is a better option for enhanced immune response in broiler breeders after zinc‐induced moulting.     

理想氨基酸水平对肉仔鸡生产性能和屠体性状的影响

试验选用1日龄爱拔益加商品代肉仔鸡600只(公母各半),随机分为3个组,每组8个重复,每个重复25只鸡。分别饲喂高、中、低理想氨基酸水平的日粮,研究理想氨基酸水平对肉仔鸡生产性能和屠体性状的影响。结果表明,0~44日龄中氨基酸水平组和高氨酸水平组的出栏重显著高于低氨酸水平组(P<0.05)。高氨基酸水平组腹脂率显著低于低氨基酸水平组41.63%(P<0.05);高氨基酸水平组大腿肉率和净腿肉率均显著高于中和低氨基酸水平组(P<0.05)。     

净能体系在肉鸡应用中的研究进展

能量是肉鸡各种生命活动的基础,也是肉鸡饲料中价格占比最高的元素,主要源于日粮中碳水化合物、脂肪和蛋白质的化学能。准确评估肉鸡能量需要量和日粮成分能量水平在肉鸡营养和生产中具有重要的科研和经济价值。代谢能（ME）体系是目前用于家禽饲料原料能值评定的成熟体系,在家禽营养和配方中被广泛使用。但和净能（NE）体系相比,代谢能体系忽略了饲料中不同原料成分摄食和消化过程中的热增耗（HI）差异对原料能值评价的影响,降低了原料能值评定的准确性。因此,作者结合国内外肉鸡净能相关研究进展,重点就肉鸡净能测定方法、肉鸡原料净能预测方程和影响肉鸡净能体系应用因素等方面进行综述讨论,以期为净能体系在肉鸡生产中的应用提供参考。     

优质鸡营养需要研究进展

介绍了优质鸡的概念、涵义和营养需要量的研究现状及今后营养研究方向。