笼养熊的繁殖管理

笼养熊的繁殖管理叶金堂，蔡建新，李华君，于文平（黑龙江八五四农场养熊场．１５８４０３）开展人工饲养条件下熊的繁殖工作是扩大熊群体数量、保护熊类资源及永续利用熊场开展了此项目，绝大多数是在模拟自然环境的繁殖圈本交方式进行繁殖的。而我国的人工养熊大多是笼...     

圈养条件下北极熊的饲养繁殖

对大连森林动物园圈养条件下北极熊的饲养管理、发情交配、繁殖及幼仔人工育幼等方面进行了研究与分析,为北极熊在动物园的饲养与繁殖,尤其在人工育幼方面取得了大量的基础数据,希望对北极熊的圈养繁殖起到一定的推动作用。     

熊的电刺激采精

熊在国内外的经济利用是非常重视的。熊胆是珍贵的药材、熊掌、肉可谓上等的名菜。以前,在我国仅有一部分熊在动物园人工饲养繁殖获得幼熊。由于近几年来人工活熊取胆汁研究在我国已见成效,并有继续发展的趋势。所以,现在圈养的熊几乎全部由野外捕捉而来,这样使自然资源不断遭到破坏。为保护野生动物种群,国家已将棕熊和黑熊分别列为一类和二类保护动物。为此,开展对圈养熊的人工繁殖的研究已到了刻不容缓的地步,提高其繁殖力的关键是解决发情期,以及熊的繁殖障碍问题,这是今后解决熊类种源的必由之路。所以,我们对棕熊(Ursus arctos lasiotus Cray)和黑熊(Se-     

黑猩猩人工授精技术研究现状

黑猩猩是最为濒危的物种之一,国内动物园的数量更为稀少,将人工授精技术应用于黑猩猩的繁殖是扩大其种群的有效途径,该文综述了黑猩猩人工授精技术的研究现状,包括黑猩猩排卵期的测算、人工采精、精液冻存及人工输精等。     

人工养熊的研究现状及趋势

人工养熊的研究现状及趋势贾永泉（黑龙江八一农垦大学牧医系密山１５８３０８）人工养熊是指为获得熊产品和繁殖扩大种群为目的而进行的养熊活动。熊是一种大型的，未经驯化的动物，具有很高的经济价值，特别是有很高的药用价值，其产品──熊胆是我国的四大名贵药材之一...     

犬的现代繁殖技术

综述讨论了国内外犬的现代繁殖技术——人工辅助生育(ART)研究的各个方面,包括:人工授精(AI)、卵细胞的体外培养(IVC)和体外受精(IVF),胚胎移植(ET)、产前基因诊断(PGD)和克隆(Cloning)等一系列技术问题,以及犬繁殖技术研究方面目前存在的问题及应用前景。     

繁殖生物技术进展与我国犬繁殖技术研究

繁殖生物技术,亦称人工辅助繁殖技术(ART)。人工授精、胚胎移植以及所有围绕配子和胚胎进行的操作技术都属此范畴。本文简述犬的ART的进展,主要集中在人工授精、卵母细胞体外成熟、体外受精、胚胎体外培养、胚胎冷冻保存和胚胎移植等方面,并对今后的发展,尤其是对我国犬的繁殖技术研究和应用,提出一些观点和想法。一、犬繁殖生物技术的进展和现状(一)精液冷冻和人工授精第一次有关犬的精液处理和短期保存研究出现在1960年。此后,逐渐开发和改进了犬精子冷冻保存的方法。1969年,第一批冷冻精液人工授精犬仔在美国诞生。至今,在世界范围内…     

獭兔人工授精的关键技术

<正>人工授精是家兔的先进生产繁殖手段。实践证明,獭兔实施人工授精技术,母兔受胎率可达到80%～90%,不仅使公兔的利用率提高10～20倍,受胎率也高于人工辅配。人工授精的关键环节包括采精、精     

绿尾虹雉人工饲养繁殖研究现状

论文主要分析了人工饲养绿尾虹雉低繁殖性能的可能原因。调节饲养方式例如建立合适的光照制度,配制营养水平适宜的日粮,低海拔地区进行人工孵化或母鸡代孵的孵化方式,采用人工授精技术等,是提高绿尾虹雉存活率和繁殖性能的可行性措施,也是未来绿尾虹雉人工饲养繁殖的研究方向。     

肉羊人工授精技术要点

羊人工授精是指利用器械以人工方法采集公羊的精液,经检查、稀释和保存等特定方法处理后,用器械输入到发情母羊生殖道的特定部位,使其妊娠的一种家畜繁殖技术。人工授精技术在当前仍然是先进的繁殖技术之一,在肉羊杂交改良和新品种育成等方面都发挥着重要作用。     

Handmade cloning:recent advances,potential and pitfalls

Handmade cloning(HMC) is the most awaited,simple and micromanipulator-free version of somatic cell nuclear transfer(SCNT).The requirement of expensive micromanipulators and skilled expertise is eliminated in this technique,proving it as a major revolution in the field of embryology.During the past years,many modifications have been incorporated in this technique to boost its efficiency.This alternative approach to micromanipulator based traditional cloning(TC) works wonder in generating comparable or even higher birth rates in addition to declining costs drastically and enabling cryopreservation.This technique is not only applicable to intraspecies nuclear transfer but also to interspecies nuclear transfer(iSCNT) thus permitting conservation of endangered species.It also offers unique possibilities for automation of SCNT which aims at production of transgenic animals that can cure certain human diseases by producing therapeutics hence,providing a healthier future for the wellbeing of humans.The present review aims at highlighting certain aspects of HMC including recent advancements in procedure and factors involved in elevating its efficiency besides covering the potentials and pitfalls of this technique.     

牛的体外受精技术研究进展

本文阐述了体外受精技术在牛胚胎工程和育种研究中的意义,介绍了牛体外受精技术的研究历史和目前的研究进展,对牛IVF技术的技术指标现状及经济效益进行了评估,并就牛的体外受精技术当前研究存在的问题作了评述,对其前景做了展望。     

牛的体外受精技术研究进展

本文阐述了体外受精技术在牛胚胎工程和育种研究中的意义，介绍了牛体外受精技术的研究历史和目前的研究进展，对牛体外受精技术的技术指标现状及经济效益进行了评估，并就牛的体外受精技术当前研究存在的问题作了评述，对其前景做了展望。     

Radiotherapy for the treatment of periocular tumours in the horse

Periocular tumours are a relatively common problem in the horse, and present some unique challenges. Radiotherapy has long been considered the ‘gold standard’ for the treatment of periocular tumours in the horse, and there are various techniques of delivering this treatment. Although teletherapy and plesiotherapy are occasionally used, the most commonly used technique is interstitial brachytherapy. Low-dose rate interstitial brachytherapy has reported success rates of between 74 and 100% for the treatment of periocular sarcoids, and other tumours can also be successfully treated using this technique. There are significant disadvantages to the low-dose rate brachytherapy approach, and recently, a technique using high-dose rate brachytherapy has been described with a reported success rate of 100% for periocular sarcoid treatment. Electronic brachytherapy is a technique which may provide an alternative to high-dose rate brachytherapy, but its use for the treatment of periocular tumours has not been reported, and the requirement for general anaesthesia is a significant disadvantage.     

Use of a linear stapling device to construct an inverted, triangulated, end-to-end anastomosis of the equine jejunum

An inverting, triangulated, stapled, end-to-end anastomosis technique was evaluated in the jejunum of four horses. None of the horses showed evidence of gastrointestinal disturbance after surgery; however, stricture and adhesion formation were pronounced in three animals examined 10 days, one month, and two months after surgery. The animal examined four months after surgery had no adhesions present at the anastomosis, and only mild narrowing of the intestinal lumen. Histologic examination of the anastomoses showed lack of a normal mucosal lining in some examined sections up to two months postsurgery. While mucosal and serosal continuity were eventually reestablished, this was not true of the muscularis, the ends of which were joined by fibrous tissue. Gaps in the staple line and malalignment of staples were present in the animal examined four months after surgery, indicating migration and/or loss of the staples from the anastomosis. The inverting, triangulated staple technique had little or no apparent advantages over previously reported results with similar everting techniques. The severity of adhesions observed with the inverting technique suggests that the adhesions observed with the similar everting technique may not be due solely to the everted nature of the anastomosis.     

Survey of giardiosis in household and shelter dogs from metropolitan areas of Curitiba, Paraná state, Southern Brazil

Giardia duodenalis is a protozoan parasite that causes a broad range of clinical symptoms varying from none--in asymptomatic carriers--to mild recurring diarrhea consisting of soft, light-colored stools to acute severe diarrhea. In different parts of the world this parasite has raised increased interest due to its possible zoonotic transmission. Among domestic animals, dogs can play an important role in environmental contamination. As there is little information on the frequency of giardiosis in dogs from the Metropolitan Area of Curitiba-State of Paraná, Southern Brazil, the aim of the present work was to evaluate the prevalence of G. duodenalis in two dog populations (household and shelter). To attain the proposed aim, we collected fecal samples from 200 dogs and utilized three diagnostic techniques: Faust's technique (Faust et al. 1939), Benbrook's technique (1963) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Faust's technique presented the best results, as it was able to detect a larger number of Giardia cases. Taking Faust's technique as the standard, Benbrook's technique presented 66% sensitivity and PCR demonstrated 69% sensitivity. The shelter dog population showed a 24% occurrence of G. duodenalis while the household population showed a 9% occurrence. Other epidemiological aspects like age, sex, environmental conditions and methodological aspects are discussed in the present article.     

Cellular immunity shown in pseudorabies virus-infected pigs by leukocyte migration-inhibition procedure.

Cellular immunity in pigs inoculated with pseudorabies virus (PRV) was studied by the agarose plate technique of direct leukocyte migration-inhibition procedure. Migration of leukocytes from PRV-infected pigs was inhibited in the presence of PRV antigen, whereas migration of leukocytes from nonexposed pigs was not inhibited in the presence of the same antigen. The migration of leukocytes collected 4 days after intranasal exposure to PRV was inhibited; humoral antibodies could not be detected until 7 days after exposure. Cellular immunity was present in pigs 14 days after inoculation with inactivated PRV antigens; low concentrations of neutralizing and precipitating antibodies were present at this time. The leukocyte migration-inhibiton procedure was found to be a useful tool in studying the role of cellular immunity in PRV infections.     

单胃动物内源氨基酸损失的测定方法及影响因素研究进展

氨基酸消化率是评定饲料蛋白质生物学效价的重要指标。对内源氨基酸损失进行准确测定可获得精准的氨基酸消化率,不仅可以节约日粮蛋白资源,降低饲料成本,还可减少因氮排放造成的环境污染。目前,内源氨基酸损失测定的方法主要包括无氮日粮法、绝食法、差量法、酶解蛋白日粮法、回归法、高精氨酸法和同位素法等。内源氨基酸损失又与动物、饲养环境、日粮组成(日粮蛋白、纤维、抗营养因子)及测定方法等有关。本文综述了内源氨基酸损失的测定方法及影响因素。     

A modified technique for the estimation of the number of infective nematode larvae present on pasture, and its application in the field under South Australian conditions

A modified technique for the recovery of larvae from pasture is described involving two centrifugations of pasture washings in a solution of potassium iodide. On average, the technique recovered 96% of larvae and was simple to perform. At three sites in South Australia (rainfall 550-330 mm year-1), the numbers of larvae present on pasture each month using this technique was compared with results obtained using one or four tracer sheep. The general pattern of larval availability was similar using the two methods, but discrepancies were noted. In some instances, particularly when numbers of larvae were low, pasture sampling underestimated the numbers of larvae available to sheep; in other situations, when the numbers of larvae were high, tracer sheep probably underestimated the number being ingested. Increasing the numbers of tracer sheep from one to four did not appreciably increase the correspondence between the two methods.     

家蚕EST数据库的应用现状及展望

家蚕是重要的经济昆虫,也是鳞翅目昆虫的主要模式生物。表达序列标签(EST)在家蚕研究中的应用越来越受到关注。本文主要介绍了EST数据库的建立及其在家蚕研究中的应用现状,展望了EST在家蚕中的研究趋势。