囊病清防治鸡传染性法氏囊病的试验研究

筛选清热、解毒、祛湿的中草药配成散剂囊病清，用于防治广东地区的鸡传染性法氏囊病，临床用药５０００余公斤，防治鸡达１００余万羽，人工感染ＩＢＤ试验表明，囊病清能减轻鸡人工感染ＩＢＤ的临床症状，显著减轻ＩＢＤ的解剖病变，有效降低死亡率；其预防效果优于治疗效果。     

复合中草药添加剂预防肉鸡白痢病

根据传统中药理论配制４种复合中草药添加剂用于４０００只鸡的预防白痢病试验，试验期２１天。结果表明，各种中草药用于预防鸡白痢病的效果均好于常规药物ＳＭＺ，并且中草药有促进生长作用，其成本低于一般抗菌素，具有广阔的应用前景     

国外养殖新技术

美研制出鸡三联苗和四联苗 美国苏威动物保健集团研制出了鸡的新多联苗——ProVaC_3和ProVaC_4。这两种疫苗均为油乳灭活苗,用于种鸡免疫非常安全有效,并能使母源抗体转移给后代。给鸡一次注射这种疫苗可预防3种或4种鸡病。三联苗用于预防传染性法氏囊病、传染性支气管炎和新城;四联苗能预防传染性法氏囊病、传染性支气管炎、新城疫和呼肠弧病毒感染。     

肾肿克

由济南外贸兽药厂生产的肾肿克，是治疗家禽肾型传染性支气管炎、传染性法氏囊炎其它原因引起的肾炎、肾肿、尿酸盐沉积症的特效药．具有减少机体尿酸盐生成、促进尿酸排泄、调整体液缓冲系统功能等综合效用，可迅速减轻病状，治愈率达90％以上，大量减少病鸡的死亡率．用于预防可有效减少发病率。使用肾肿克，用于治疗．每50升水溶药10（克，溶解充分后供鸡饮用，连用2～5天。用于预防，每50升水投药50克，每周用药半天或1天即可。肾肿克@傅良     

猪病药物治疗与药物预防注意事项

根据猪场与本地区猪病发生流行的规律、特点及季节性，有针对性地选择高疗效、安全性好、抗菌谱广的药物用于治疗与预防，方可收到良好的防治效果。用药物防治之前最好先做药敏试验，以便选出高敏感性的药物用于治疗与预防，有利于提高防治效果。     

越南北部地区再次暴发H5N1型高致病性禽流感疫情

美国食品和药物管理局（FDA）3月1日批准了一种用于预防狗晕车时出现呕吐症状的药物。FDA说，这种名为Cerenia的新药由美国辉瑞公司生产，是世界上第一种用于预防和治疗狗呕吐症状的药物。如果狗“毛下的（脸色）出现病态”，显示晕车，晕船、晕飞机等症状，这种新药的片剂可以预防它们呕吐。     

猪传染性胃肠炎与猪流行性腹泻二联疫苗及其应用

我所研制成的猪传染性胃肠炎(TGE)和猪流行性腹泻(PED)二联灭活苗及二联活疫苗，是预防由猪传染性胃肠炎病毒(TGEV)和猪流行性腹泻病毒(PEDV)引起的仔猎呕吐，水样腹泻及新生仔猪高死亡率(可达100％)的高度传染性肠道病发病的有效措施。用于妊娠母猪的被动免疫以保护仔猪，也用于主动免疫保护不同年龄的猪只。     

中国农业科学院中兽医研究所药厂精品奉献

品　名规　格适应症(功能主治)禽瘟王50 g/袋2 50g/袋　　扶正祛邪,解毒杀菌,防病增重,健脾开胃。预防和治疗禽霍乱、鸡法氏囊炎、雏鸡白痢、传染性喉气管炎、鸡瘟、鸭巴氏杆菌病、鸭瘟、肠炎、腹泻等。健胃散50 g/袋2 50 g/袋　　健脾消食,开胃宽肠,促进吸收,催肥助长。主要用于食积不化,消化不良,生长缓慢的预防和治疗。敌球灵1 0 0 g/袋　　本品具有良好的燥湿杀虫、清热解毒之功效,用于预防和治疗鸡球虫病。同时能有效降低鸡大肠杆菌病、沙门氏杆菌病、黄曲霉菌病及法氏囊炎病的发病率。抗球敏50 g/袋　　主治各类型球虫引起的兔、鸡、…     

信息

中国农业科学院中兽医研究所药厂精品奉献品　名规　格适应症(功能主治)禽瘟王50 g/袋2 50g/袋　　扶正祛邪,解毒杀菌,防病增重,健脾开胃。预防和治疗禽霍乱、鸡法氏囊炎、雏鸡白痢、传染性喉气管炎、鸡瘟、鸭巴氏杆菌病、鸭瘟、肠炎、腹泻等。健胃散50 g/袋2 50 g/袋　　健脾消食,开胃宽肠,促进吸收,催肥助长。主要用于食积不化,消化不良,生长缓慢的预防和治疗。敌球灵1 0 0 g/袋　　本品具有良好的燥湿杀虫、清热解毒之功效,用于预防和治疗鸡球虫病。同时能有效降低鸡大肠杆菌病、沙门氏杆菌病、黄曲霉菌病及法氏囊炎病的发病率。抗球敏50…     

春夏季节主要鸭病防治关键技术

文章首先对春夏季主要鸭病的预防技术进行简单的介绍，再对主要鸭病的治疗技术进行探讨，以期能够对春夏季主要鸭病进行有效防治。     

Cholinergic activity of intestinal musclein vitro taken from horses with and without equine grass sickness

Equine grass sickness (EGS) is a pan-dysautonomia of horses that involves central and peripheral neuronal degeneration and ultimately depletion. This is the first reported functional study on the motility of equine intestine taken immediatelypost mortem from horses with EGS. Strips of smooth muscle from the small intestine of healthy and EGS-affected horses were suspended in an organ bath and their motility was measured isometrically. The activity of the cholinergic system was studied. Physostigmine enhanced the motility of all muscle strips. Tissues taken from horses suffering from acute grass sickness (AGS) had the longest latency before a measurable response could be obtained (p<0.05). The ileum appeared to be damaged by EGS to a greater extent than the duodenum. For the duodenal strips the enhanced rate of spontaneous contractions was significant (p<0.05) for both normal tissue and that affected by grass sickness but this was not the case for the ileal strips. Muscarinic receptor sensitivity investigation using bethanecol suggested a hypersensitivity of receptors with AGS material,Abbreviations AGS acute grass sickness - CGS chronic grass sickness - ED₅₀ median effective dose - EGS equine grass sickness - VIP vasoactive intestinal peptide     

The efficacy of hyperimmune serum in the treatment of sweating sickness

Natural and experimental cases of sweating sickness were treated using a hyperimmune serum as specific treatment and hyperimmune serum combined with symptomatic and supportive treatment based on the clinicopathological changes observed in cases of sweating sickness. The treatment regimens were found to be highly effective in pigs and sheep as well as in calves, although recovery in the latter species was slower.     

Evaluation of urinalysis as an aid in the diagnosis of equine grass sickness

To determine whether urinalysis can aid the diagnosis of equine grass sickness, samples of urine from 15 horses with acute grass sickness, eight horses with subacute grass sickness, 17 co-grazing horses and 17 stabled control horses were analysed. The samples from all of the horses with grass sickness had a significantly higher specific gravity, higher protein and creatinine concentrations and a significantly lower pH; the samples from the horses with acute grass sickness also had significantly higher glucose concentrations. These differences may support a diagnosis of grass sickness but they are not pathognomonic for the disease.     

Biomarkers of exposure to cyanogens in horses with grass sickness

To test the hypothesis that equine grass sickness may be associated with the ingestion of cyanogenic glycosides from white clover (Trifolium repens), the concentrations of whole blood cyanide, and plasma and urinary thiocyanate, the main metabolite of cyanide, were measured in 12 horses with acute grass sickness and 10 horses with subacute grass sickness, and in 43 control horses, of which 21 were co-grazing with cases of acute grass sickness, 12 grazed pastures where grass sickness had not been reported, and 10 were stabled horses. The healthy horses which grazed with cases of acute grass sickness had higher concentrations of blood cyanide, and plasma and urinary thiocyanate than the other control horses, consistent with an increased exposure to cyanogens. The horses with grass sickness had no evidence of a recent intake of cyanogens, but may have been exposed to increased levels of cyanogens before they became anorexic.     

Sickness, mortality and the buller steer syndrome in a western Canadian feedlot

Objective To determine if an association existed between sickness, mortality and bullers in a western Canadian feedlot.
Design A retrospective epidemiological study.
Animals 78,445 male cattle that entered a 24,000-head feedlot in western Canada from 1991 to 1993.
Procedure Animal health records for bullers were collected and analysed to see if they were at greater risk of sickness and mortality than other steers, and to see if pens with a high prevalence of bullers also had a high prevalence of sickness and mortality.
Results The prevalence of bullers increased with increasing age of cattle on arrival at the feedlot (R = 0.36; P < 0.001). Sickness and mortality decreased with increasing age of cattle on arrival. However, sickness and mortality in bullers relative to other steers actually increased with increasing age on arrival suggesting an interaction existed between sickness and bullers. Bullers were significantly (P < 0.05) more likely to get sick and to die than other steers. In all cases, there was a strong temporal association between sickness and bullers, with sickness and bullers mostly occurring within the first 30 days of the feeding period. On average, pens of cattle with a high prevalence of bullers did not have a correspondingly high prevalence of sickness or mortality.
Conclusion This study suggests that sickness is an effect modifier of dominance behaviour and therefore bullers in feedlot steers. Bullers should always be checked for signs of sickness and treated accordingly. Further research is needed to investigate the effects of sickness on dominance behaviour in pens of feedlot cattle.     

Efficacy and safety of maropitant,a selective neurokinin1 receptor antagonist,in two randomized clinical trials for prevention of vomiting due to motion sickness in dogs

Maropitant (Cerenia^TM), a selective neurokinin₁ receptor antagonist, was evaluated for efficacy and safety in prevention of vomiting due to motion sickness in dogs in two randomized clinical trials. One‐hundred eighty‐nine dogs with a history of motion sickness were enrolled at 26 veterinary clinics (across 12 US states) across the two trials; of these, 163 were fully evaluable, 19 were evaluable only for safety, and seven were not evaluable. Each trial used a two‐period crossover design. Each dog was treated orally with placebo or maropitant (minimum dose of 8 mg/kg body weight using unit dosing) tablets at approximately 2 h (Trial 1) or 10 h (Trial 2) before an automobile ride of approximately 60 min, during which dogs were observed for signs of motion sickness. Following a 10–14‐day washout period, each dog was administered the opposite treatment and taken for another journey (same route, driver and vehicle). Maropitant reduced the occurrence of vomiting compared to placebo by 86.1% or 76.5% when given approximately 2 or 10 h prior to travel, respectively. No significant clinical signs were observed after maropitant treatment. Maropitant was safe and effective in preventing vomiting due to motion sickness in dogs when administered at a minimum dose of 8 mg/kg body weight as oral tablets 2 or 10 h prior to travel.     

Sweating sickness: relative curative effect of hyperimmune serum and a precipitated immunoglobulin suspension and immunoblot identification of proposed immunodominant tick salivary gland proteins

Although of low morbidity, sweating sickness is readily induced in calves by infestation with positive Hyalomma truncatum adult ticks. This epitheliotrophic disease has no specific cure except by the administration of hyperimmune serum obtained from animals which have recovered and are subsequently immune to the disease. Treatment with hyperimmune serum, however, has associated problems of donor availability, possible serum contamination and i.v. administration of a relatively large volume. This paper compares the treatment and cure of sweating sickness using unrefined hyperimmune serum and that of an experimental suspension. The latter proved relatively inefficient probably due to a low concentration of effective immunoglobulins. Immunoblot analyses of the sera of affected animals, using tick salivary glands as antigen during the course of the trial revealed 4 tick salivary gland proteins with molecular masses of between 27-33 kDa. These are proposed as being associated with sweating sickness immunodominance.     

Barium swallow as an aid to the diagnosis of grass sickness

Twenty-five horses, suspected on clinical grounds of having grass sickness, were given a barium swallow. Using image intensification the passage of the barium bolus was followed radiographically from the pharynx to the stomach. All 18 horses in which grass sickness was later confirmed at post mortem examination showed defective oesophageal motility. Although the specificity of the abnormality could not be proven, the technique offers a valuable aid to the ante mortem diagnosis of grass sickness.     

A comparative study of normal equine populations and those with grass sickness (dysautonomia) in eastern Scotland

A retrospective survey was made of premises in eastern Scotland on which at least two cases of grass sickness had occurred between 1970 and 1987. For comparison, a further survey of 49 equine establishments, on which no grass sickness had been recorded, was conducted from 1986 to 1988. The results indicated that younger animals are more susceptible, especially those in good physical condition grazing full-time in the spring or early summer. Movement to new grazing increases the risk of grass sickness and identifiable stress may contribute. The nature of the establishment governed the animals' condition during the summer, but it did not appear to influence the prevalence of grass sickness. However, riding schools and livery establishments which experienced the disease kept, on average, significantly more animals than unaffected premises of the same type. No relationship was found between supplementary feeding or stage of pasture growth and grass sickness. The results of the survey support the hypothesis that the causal agent of grass sickness is associated with grazing but multiple factors may influence the expression of illness.     

Analysis of peritoneal fluid as a diagnostic aid in grass sickness (equine dysautonomia)

The analysis of peritoneal fluid is of value in the differential diagnosis of equine colic but its characteristics have not been evaluated in grass sickness. Peritoneal fluid was collected from 15 normal horses and from 11 cases of medical colic, 11 cases of surgical colic, 20 cases of acute grass sickness and 13 cases of subacute grass sickness. The fluid was analysed for its appearance, total and differential white cell count, specific gravity, total protein concentration and total and intestinal alkaline phosphatase activity. Fluid from cases of medical colic was normal in these respects. Surgical cases were unique in having bloodstained fluid with a high alkaline phosphatase activity. Grass sickness cases had a higher specific gravity and protein content than the cases of medical colic although the appearance of the fluid was similar. Grass sickness cases were distinguishable from cases of surgical colic on the basis of the appearance of the fluid and its lower alkaline phosphatase activity.