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猪血液中14C标记喹烯酮的测定及药代动力学研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
用喹烯酮 14 C标记法测定猪血液中喹烯酮的浓度并对喹烯酮静脉单次给药后在猪体内的药代动力学进行了分析。猪 6头 ,单剂量0 .4 0 6 5 mg·kg-1(比活度 2 4 .6 μci· mg-1)静注给药 ,于不同的时间采集血样。消化液(HCl O4:H2 O2 =1:1.2 5 )消化完全一定量血样后 ,以液体闪烁谱仪计数法进行含量测定。喹烯酮线性范围为 0 .0 10~ 3.170 μg· g-1(r=0 .9980 ) ,最低检测量为 1.1ng,最低检测浓度为 0 .0 11μg· g-1,平均方法回收率 (10 2 .75±5 .2 6 ) % ,精密度考察喹烯酮日内、日间相对标准偏差小于 6 %。喹烯酮以原药的形式代谢排泄 ,静注给药符合二室开放模型 :t1/ 2α=0 .1899h,t1/ 2β=4 .5 5 2 8h,Kel=0 .86 5 4h-1,AUC=0 .0 0 92 5 mg· h-1· L-1。结果表明 :喹烯酮静注给药后 ,其在体内分布快而广 ,消除相对也较快。本方法专一性强 ,快速 ,准确。其药代动力学研究结果为喹烯酮饲料添加及残留研究提供了理论依据 相似文献
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本实验选用8只健康家兔进行口服富铁酵母和硫酸亚铁的药物代谢动力学研究.试验采用双吡啶比色法测定血清铁浓度,药时数据经Mcpkp程序处理.家兔口服富铁酵母和硫酸亚铁的药时数据分别适合一室和二室开放模型,主要药代动力学参数(平均值),富铁酵母为Tmax=2.73 h,Cmax=1.60μg/ml,Ka=0.67 h-1,T1/2Ka=1.08 h,T/2aα=1.82 h,Kel=0.28 h-1,T/2Rβ=9.73 h;硫酸亚铁为Tmax=2.62 h,Cmax=1.41μg/ml,T1/2Ka =0.94h,Kel=0.24 h-1,T1/2K=3.05h.口服高铁酵母的生物利用度F(AUC富铁酵母/AUC硫酸亚铁)%=122%,高于硫酸亚铁,为其1.22倍,显示家兔口服富铁酵母要比硫酸亚铁好. 相似文献
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氟苯尼考静注及肌注在绵羊体内的药代动力学研究 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
健康绵羊8只,随机分为A、B两组,A组静注单剂量20mg·kg-1氟苯尼考试验品,B组肌注单剂量30mg·kg-1氟苯尼考试验品。两周后,A组肌注单剂量20mg·kg-1氟苯尼考试验品,B组肌注单剂量20mg·kg-1氟苯尼考对照品。用高压液相色谱法测定血浆中的药物浓度。采用3p97药代动力学程序软件处理药 时数据。静注药 时数据符合三室开放模型,主要药代动力学参数:Vd(ss)1 87±0 26L·kg-1,T1/2α1 5±0 06h,T1/2β19 47±7 64h,CL(s)0 25±0 05L·kg-1·h-1,AUC77 35±10 24μg·h·mL-1;氟苯尼考试验品肌注药 时数据符合一室开放模型,主要药代动力学参数:20mg·kg-1剂量组C(max)4 20±0 28μg·mL-1,T1/2ka0 26±0 02h,T1/2ke10 07±1 08h,AUC67 47±11 02μg·h·mL-1,F(绝对)87 22%,F(相对)97 66%;30mg·kg-1剂量组C(max)7 10±1 84μg·mL-1,T1/2ka0 26±0 10h,T1/2ke9 57±3 28h,AUC101 58±10 25μg·h·mL-1。实验结果表明,氟苯尼考试验品肌注后曲线下面积AUC与剂量呈比例关系,在绵羊体内吸收好,分布快,消除缓慢,与先灵葆雅公司对照品相似。 相似文献
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16只健康 AA肉仔鸡 ,随机分成 2组 ,每组 8只 ,按 10 mg/ kg剂量分别进行静注和内服单剂量环丙沙星药动学试验。血浆中药物浓度用高效液相色谱法测定 ,血药浓度 -时间数据用 MCPKP药动学计算机程序处理。结果表明 ,静注给药后的药时数据符合无吸收二室开放模型 ,主要动力学参数分别为 :t1 /2α为 (0 .2 34± 0 .0 49) h,t1 /2β为 (10 .118±0 .2 71) h,VB为 (1.374± 0 .12 4) L/ kg,CLB为 (0 .0 94± 0 .0 0 9) L· kg- 1 · h- 1 ,AUC为 (10 7.0 6 8± 10 .6 40 ) mg· L- 1· h。内服给药后的药时数据符合一级吸收一室开放模型 ,主要动力学参数分别为 :t1 /2 kα为 (0 .114± 0 .0 0 8) h,t1 /2 k为(7.784± 0 .5 14) h,Tp 为 (0 .70 2± 0 .0 31) h,Cmax为 (5 .736± 0 .5 15 ) m g/ L,AUC为 (6 8.6 2 2± 8.147) mg· L- 1· h,F为 (6 4.0 92± 7.6 10 ) %。肉仔鸡静注环丙沙星在其体内消除较慢 ,分布广泛 ;内服给药吸收迅速 ,消除较静注给药快。 相似文献
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阿莫西林钠在猪体内的生物利用度及药动学研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
1 4头健康杂种猪 ,随机平均分为两组 ,按随机交叉试验设计 ,进行静注及内服阿莫西林钠 (1 0mg/kg)的药动学研究 ,以及肌注阿莫西林钠及阿莫西林钠长效制剂 (1 0mg/kg)的药动学比较。高效液相色谱法测定猪血浆中阿莫西林的浓度 ,MCPKP计算机程序处理血浆药物浓度 时间数据。健康猪静注给药的药时数据适合二室开放模型 ,主要药物动力学参数为 :t1 /2α0 31± 0 1 6h;t1 /2 β2 2 9± 0 94h ;V1 0 2 2± 0 1 2L/kg ;Vd(area) 1 0 6± 0 45L/kg ;ClB0 33±0 0 7L·kg- 1 ·h- 1 ;AUC31 67± 7 0 9mg·L- 1 ·h。健康猪内服给药的药时数据适合一级吸收二室模型 ,主要药物动力学参数为 :t1 /2ka0 74± 0 36h ;t1 /2 β5 96± 3 41h ;tmax1 52± 0 43h ;Cmax5 33± 2 0 7μg/mL ;AUC2 3 89± 9 40mg·L- 1 ·h ;F79 64 %± 38 47%。健康猪肌注阿莫西林钠和阿莫西林钠长效制剂的药时数据均适合一级吸收二室模型 ,主要药物动力学参数为 :t1 /2ka0 1 1± 0 0 5h和 0 0 9± 0 0 5h ;t1 /2 β3 2 8± 1 89h和 7 32± 3 55h ;tmax0 33± 0 1 4h和 0 36±0 1 6h ;Cmax1 6 51± 4 41 μg/mL和 1 8 98± 2 70 μg/mL ;AUC30 61± 8 2 7mg·L- 1 ·h和 49 44± 1 1 31mg·L- 1 ·h ;F96 65 相似文献
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六茜素在猪体内药代动力学研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
实验猪 5头 ,分别单剂量 (30mg·kg-1)iv、(85mg·kg-1)im六茜素 (Pyroline ,PL)后 ,采用反相HPLC法检测PL的血浆浓度。以香草醛为内标 ,流动相为甲醇 -水 (4 0∶6 0 ) ,流动速度为 0 7ml·min-1,检测波长 2 2 0nm。结果所得的PL血药时程两者都符合二室开放模型 ,它们的药物动力学参数为 :iv ,T1/ 2α=1 5 2min ,T1/ 2 β=6 6 0 5min ,AUC =880 0 7mg·min·L-1;im ,T1/ 2ka=0 37min ,T1/ 2α=3 45min ,T1/ 2 β=76 87min ,AUC =5 70 17mg·min·L-1,Tp=1 5 3min ,Cmax =11 34 μg·ml-1。结果表明 :PL iv和im给药后 ,其在体内吸收迅速 ,分布快和广 ,消除快 ,而且生物利用度低。 相似文献
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沙拉沙星在猪体内的药动学研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
7头健康杂种猪 ,按照随机拉丁方设计 ,进行静注、肌注及内服沙拉沙星 (5mg/kg)的药动学研究。血浆样品经甲醇沉淀血浆蛋白 ,高速离心 ,用反相高效液相色谱法测定猪血浆中沙拉沙星的浓度 ,MCPKP计算机程序处理血浆药物浓度 时间数据。健康猪静注给药的药时数据适合二室开放模型 ,主要药物动力学参数为t1/ 2α0 88±0 2 8h ;t1/ 2 β3 0 6± 0 5 0h ;V11 36± 0 2 4L/kg ;Vd(area) 2 5 0± 0 42L/kg ;ClB0 5 7± 0 0 7L·kg-1·h-1;AUC8 90±1 0 3mg·L-1·h。健康猪肌注给药的药时数据适合一级吸收一室模型 ,主要药物动力学参数为 :t1/ 2ka0 2 5± 0 18h ;t1/ 2ke3 5 3± 1 0 1h ;tmax0 94± 0 49h ;Cmax1 30± 0 37μg/ml;AUC 7 6 6± 1 38mg·L-1·h ;F86 48%± 15 15 %。健康猪内服给药的药时数据适合一级吸收一室模型 ,主要药物动力学参数为 :t1/ 2ka0 5 1± 0 2 9h ;t1/ 2ke6 72± 2 78h ;tmax2 45± 0 89h ;Cmax0 36± 0 2 1μg/ml;AUC 4 5 4± 1 0 6mg·L-1·h ;F5 1 99%± 14 6 7%。沙拉沙星在健康猪体内的主要药动学特征为 :吸收迅速 ,达峰时间短 ,表观分布容积大。肌注给药吸收完全 ;内服给药吸收不完全 ,消除缓慢。 相似文献
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富锌酵母的药代动力学及生物利用度研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
选用10只健康蛋鸡进行口服富锌酵母和硫酸锌的药物代谢动力学和生物利用度研究。采用原子吸收法测定血浆锌浓度,药-时数据经MCPKP程序处理,结果口服富锌酵母和硫酸锌在蛋鸡体内运转适合一室开放模型,主要药代动力学参数:富锌酵母为tmax=2.11h,Cmax=2.42μg/mL,Ka=1.06h-1,t1/2Ka=0.76h,t1/2K=2.47h,Kel=0.29h-1;硫酸锌为tmax=2.27h,Cmax=1.63μg/mL,Ka=1.19h-1,t1/2Ka=0.74h,Kel=0.31h-1,t1/2K=2.32h;口服高锌酵母的相对生物利用度F(AUC富锌酵母/AUC硫酸锌)=148%,显示蛋鸡口服富锌酵母要比硫酸锌效果好,为其1.48倍。 相似文献
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恩诺沙星混悬液在猪体内的药动学及生物利用度 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
本文比较了恩诺沙星混悬液和恩诺沙星溶液在猪体内的药动学特征和生物利用度。选用 7头健康猪按拉丁方设计进行静注、肌注恩诺沙星溶液和肌注恩诺沙星混悬液在猪体内的药物动力学研究。 3种给药方法的剂量均为 10mg/kg。猪静注给药的药时数据符合二室开放模型 ,主要药动学参数为 :t1/ 2α0 6 4± 0 15h ,t1/ 2 β9 0 6± 2 47h ,Vd(area) 4 40± 0 88L/kg ,ClB0 35± 0 0 6L·kg-1·h-1,AUC2 9 85± 4 11L·kg-1·h。猪肌注恩诺沙星溶液和恩诺沙星混悬液的药时数据符合一级吸收一室模型 ,其主要药动学参数分别为t1/ 2ka0 2 4± 0 10h和 1 2 5± 1 0 9h(P <0 0 5 ) ;t1/ 2ke8 90± 2 0 2h和 18 95± 4 5 5h(P <0 0 1) ;Tmax1 2 5± 0 41h和 5 14± 2 95h(P <0 0 1) ;Cmax1 5 4± 0 2 5 μg/ml和 0 87± 0 2 1μg/ml;AUC2 1 49± 4 94mg·L-1·h和 2 8 97± 10 80mg·L-1·h ;F72 0 %±17 4%和 97 7%± 35 0 %。比较肌注恩诺沙星混悬液和恩诺沙星溶液的主要药动学参数 ,二者有显著差异 ,前者的t1/ 2ka、Tmax、t1/ 2ke和Cmax分别为后者的 5 2、4 1、2 1和 0 6倍。这些差异说明恩诺沙星混悬液肌注后吸收缓慢 ,消除半衰期延长 ,临床应用 48h给药 1次仍能维持对常见病原菌的有效血药 相似文献
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喹烯酮的食品安全性研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
概述了喹烯酮的临床前毒理学研究进展及代谢与残留研究现状,分析了存在的问题,提出了开展深入研究的内容与方法,为进一步完善喹烯酮的食品安全性评价,建立科学的食品安全性标准提供参考. 相似文献
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Rassnick KM Gieger TL Williams LE Ruslander DM Northrup NC Kristal O Myers NC Moore AS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(3):196-199
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks. 相似文献
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试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。 相似文献
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Davis MS Willard MD Nelson SL Mandsager RE McKiernan BS Mansell JK Lehenbauer TW 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(3):311-314
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large. 相似文献
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Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections
of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal
(GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April
2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs
located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming
areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology
laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum
columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying
degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal
abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy
season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different
nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those
observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes.
But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the
results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. 相似文献
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Troxel MT Vite CH Van Winkle TJ Newton AL Tiches D Dayrell-Hart B Kapatkin AS Shofer FS Steinberg SA 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):850-859
The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma. 相似文献
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Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Johansson AM Gardner SY Levine JF Papich MG LaFevers DH Fuquay LR Reagan VH Atkins CE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):887-895
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses. 相似文献