青贮饲草料应考虑添加剂的选用

为了迅速达到青贮发酵所需条件 ,保护青贮料中营养成分和改善其饲草料适口性 ,提高青贮成功率 ,在青贮时均应考虑加入一些类型的添加剂。常用青贮添加剂有以下几种 :1　霉菌型制剂添加剂 :可增加乳酸类细菌初始状态的数量 ,使其快速产生乳酸。在实际工作中常用含有乳酸类细菌的各种霉制剂。2　酸化防腐剂添加剂 :作用是降低青贮料ＰＨ值 ,快速酸化 ,直接形成适合乳酸菌繁殖的生活环境 ,使乳酸菌在短时间大量繁殖 ,抑制霉菌等有害微生物的生长 ,同时有防腐、防霉的功效。常用品种有各种无机酸、有机酸和盐类。3　风味型添加剂 :可改善、调节…     

青贮饲料添加剂及其研究应用现状

青贮添加剂的主要作用是能够增加青贮饲料的营养物质含量，促进乳酸菌的发酵作用，抑制有害细菌和霉菌的生长，减少青贮饲料氧和水分的含量，防止腐烂等作用。目前，常用的青贮饲料添加剂可归纳为四大类即发酵促进剂、发酵抑制剂、防腐剂和营养性添加剂。     

不同添加剂对紫花苜蓿裹包青贮品质及菌群构成的影响

以含水量60%的紫花苜蓿为材料进行添加剂裹包青贮,分析添加剂青贮紫花苜蓿的发酵品质、营养成分等,并利用Miseq高通量测序技术分析青贮料细菌群落的组成。结果表明:与对照相比,3种乳酸菌复合添加剂和1种防腐剂添加剂紫花苜蓿裹包青贮料的发酵品质和营养品质都有所提高,其中植物乳杆菌复合制剂(A)及甲酸、甲酸铵、丙酸及苯甲酸钠防腐剂(D)添加青贮的综合效果最好。乳酸菌复合添加青贮料中乳酸菌含量较高,群落主要以乳杆菌、魏斯氏菌及片球菌为主;防腐型添加剂(D)青贮料中以乳杆菌为主,乳酸菌总量偏低,组成复杂的其他菌含量偏高,但都不是优势菌群;未添加的对照组青贮效果较差,乳酸菌总量极低。     

青贮饲料加工技术

为了保证青贮饲料的质量，可以在调制过程中加入青贮饲料添加剂或者是促进乳酸菌的发酵，或者是抑制有害微生物。常用的青贮饲料添加剂有微生物、酸类、防腐剂和营养性物质等。     

表贮饲料加工技术

3青贮饲料添加剂 为了保证青贮饲料的质量,可以在调制过程中加 入青贮饲料添加剂或者是促进乳酸菌的发酵,或者是 抑制有害微生物。常用的青贮饲料添加剂有微生物、 酸类、防腐剂和营养性物质等。 3.1微生物添加剂 青贮能否成功,在很大程度上取决于乳酸菌能否 迅速而大量地繁殖。首先,必须有乳酸菌,青绿作物     

使用液态防腐剂的均匀性问题

用化学方法存贮植物物质(青贮或半干青贮),如果计算添加剂加入的比例,应为1:170～250。但由于湿润植物物质不具有松散性,那么,这种存贮饲料方法的湿拌均匀性就成为主要问题之一,以致任何一种向饲料中加入防腐剂的方法都不能被普遍使用。这一问题不得不使科学研究者和设计师们去研究新的     

添加乳酸菌对大麦青贮品质及中、酸性洗涤纤维的瘤胃降解率的影响

青贮是目前保存青饲料的一种常用方法。为了减少青贮发酵的损失和提高其品质常使用青贮添加剂。乳酸菌就是其中之一。在青贮中加入乳酸菌,目的就是增加青贮物中乳酸菌的数量,促进青贮的发酵,Ｒｏｏｋｅ等（１９８８）报道,加乳酸菌于黑麦草青贮中可以降低青贮物的ｐＨ...     

油蒿的可青贮性研究

以油蒿(Artemisia ordosica)为原料,通过加入添加剂采禾青贮和直接青贮,探讨油蒿的可青贮性。结果表明:直接青贮和添加剂青贮后感官性状的评分分别为17和18分,达到了优良等级。添加剂青贮pH为4.59,直接青贮pH为5.15,直接青贮乳酸和乙酸占总酸的百分比高于添加剂青贮,而丙酸和丁酸占总酸的百分比为添加剂青贮高于直接青贮,氨态氮占总氮的百分比也表现为添加剂青贮高于直接青贮。通过费氏评分法的评价结果来看,直接青贮为41分合格,而添加剂青贮为39分不合格。综合感官性状、发酵品质,油蒿可以采用青贮方式进行保存,且直接青贮更好。     

青贮添加剂对牧草青贮品质影响的研究进展

牧草青贮既能防止营养物质损失,又能降低饲料体积,解决牧草不易保存的问题。但很多牧草存在含水量高、含糖量低等问题,直接进行青贮品质不高。添加剂能改善青贮饲料品质,生产中常用的青贮添加剂包括酶制剂和乳酸菌制剂。如何发挥不同青贮添加剂的优点、改善青贮品质是提高牧草利用率的关键。文章介绍了青贮添加剂的作用特点,归纳了添加剂对牧草青贮发酵品质、营养价值及有氧稳定性的影响,重点总结了添加剂对牧草青贮微生物多样性的影响。     

青贮饲料添加剂的用法

<正>制作青贮饲料时,加入适宜的添加剂,不仅能提高青贮的成功率,而且能弥补青贮饲料的某些营养缺乏,改善青贮饲料的品质。下面介绍几种常用的添加剂及用法。     

Disease and destiny-mystery and mastery

When early people made their appearance, zoonotic infectious diseases were already waiting, but epidemic diseases did not appear in human history until people began to live in large numbers under conditions of close contact, mainly during the last 10,000 years. Disease has decimated urban populations, conquered armies, and disrupted society. The focus here is on (1) the plague of Athens and the Black Death; (2) smallpox, influenza, and rabies; (3) avian influenza prion diseases, and foot & mouth disease; and (4) emerging and re-emerging diseases. All have veterinary public health associations. In Athens, Greece, in 430 BC, when the Spartans ravaged the countryside, hordes crowded into Athens so that orderly movements, space in which to live, and adequate supplies of food became impossible. Crowding of any population fosters disease transmission; chaos and disorder enhance it all the more. Out of northern Egypt came a terrible plague from across the Mediterranean Sea. The identity of the plague of Athens remains unsure, but the well-considered conclusion is Rift Valley Fever, a mosquito borne, viral zoonosis. The Black Death, also called the Plague, raged in Asia for centuries. In 1347, the Black Death was brought by a ship out of Asia to Sicily. The scenes of devastation were repeated throughout Europe, with 90% or more of the people dying in city after city. Influenza, too, has been a cause of periodic human epidemics, but the great pandemic of influenza occurred in the last months of World War I. In the years of highest occurrence, more than half the world's population became clinically infected. If veterinary public health had been born earlier, it could have led to elucidating the epidemiology of influenza and the plagues of Athens, Europe, and Asia. In turn, smallpox had also caused continual tragedy. In 1796, Edward Jenner began to harvest pustules of cowpox from children or infected cows and inject them into susceptible children. In 1980, the World Health Organization declared that smallpox had been eliminated from the world. Rabies, though, still strikes terror. A number of animal diseases, broadly termed emerging and re-emerging diseases, need surveillance because they have the potential to impact human health. From late in 2003 to 2007, the highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus in poultry infected at least 121 people and caused 62 deaths in four countries. The prion diseases, too, all have very high numbers in concentrated contacts. To control these diseases, veterinary public health is essential, with diagnosis, epidemiological surveillance, clinical manifestations, and prevention as primary measures.     

马的咽气癖及其防制措施研究进展

在动物的异常行为中以刻板行为最为常见,而咽气癖又是马最常见的口部刻板行为之一。作者就咽气癖在生理方面和心智方面对马体产生的影响、行为基础、诱因的研究进展及常见的防治措施进行综述。     

畜禽物种多样性及其保护和利用

文章就我国畜禽物种多样性资源的现状、保护和利用等方面进行阐述,为生态脆弱的喀斯特地区畜牧业可持续发展提供参考。     

Foot and mouth disease and bluetongue: differences and similarities

On 26th of july 2007 a new case of bluetongue was notified in the Netherlands and on 2nd of august 2007 foot-and-mouth disease was diagnosed in Surrey, England, which raised the threat of having both infections simultaniously in one area. Bluetongue and foot-and-mouth disease have a different pathogenesis, but symptoms may resemble each other at a later stage of infection. The pathogenesis and possible clinical symptoms of both infections are discussed and illustrated with pictures.     

奶牛肢蹄病及其防治

简介常见奶牛肢蹄病种类及其症状,从日粮营养、运动场地面结构、环境卫生、饲养管理、遗传育种、疾病管理等方面简析奶牛肢蹄病的病因,并提出相应的预防措施。     

德国荷兰畜禽产品质量安全交流与启示

2018年岁末,笔者有幸赴德国和荷兰,就畜产品质量安全控制及检测技术等进行了短期交流,收获颇丰,现具体介绍如下。一、交流情况德国面积35.73万平方千米,人口约8175.2万,是欧盟人口最多的国家,农业发达,机械化程度很高。德国的畜牧业以猪、牛、羊和禽类为主,畜牧业产值占农业生产总值的61%。德国虽然农业比重很小,但却是有机农业运动最早的发起国,也是目前世界上有机农产品生产与消费大国。     

RFLP和PCR-RFLP标记与牦牛遗传育种研究

在归纳总结RFLP和PCR-RFLP标记技术的原理、优缺点的基础上,系统论述了其在牦牛遗传育种研究中的应用现状,并提出了个人的建议和看法。     

国内外蛋氨酸与赖氨酸市场分析与展望

近几年,世界饲用添加剂市场增长较快,预计今后将进一步增长,据世界粮农组织(FAO)首领会议的倡议,到2015年,将使世界营养不良的人口削减一半,其间,肉制品将会以每年2％的速度增长,特别是加快猪肉和禽肉增长。这将促进世界添加剂,尤其是蛋氨酸和赖氨酸需求量的增加。