Ultrasound diagnosis of injuries of the cranial meniscotibial ligament of the medial meniscus

Ultrasonographic examination of the femorotibial joint is now commonly performed for investigating hindlimb lamenesses. Different types of meniscal injuries have been described using this technique. In our practice, the cranial meniscotibial ligament of the medial meniscus (CrMTL‐MM) is the most frequently affected soft tissue structure of the stifle. This article describes the technique to image this ligament, normal images and the ultrasonographic manifestations of desmopathies and enthesopathies of the CrMTL‐MM.     

A removable orthodontic device for the treatment of lingually displaced mandibular canine teeth in young dogs

The malocclusion of lingually displaced mandibular canine teeth is a common orthodontic problem in the domestic dog. Several treatment methods have been described, and their advantages and disadvantages have been extensively reviewed. This article describes a functional technique used in 38 dogs of different breeds for correction of the malocclusion. The technique consists of stimulating the dog to play with specific toys. It is a simple, inexpensive, non-invasive technique that has a success rate comparable to conventional orthodontic techniques for treatment of this common malocclusion.     

X-ray studies of the cauda equina of dogs

This article reviews the radiologic examination of the canine cauda equina. The radiographic technique and interpretation of survey radiographs, radiographs with the spine in flexion and extension, tomography and contrast procedures, the diagnostic value and limits of these methods are discussed. The diseases which may cause cauda equina compression and the radiographic findings are described and illustrated.     

Treatment of jaw fractures in small animals with parapulpar pin composite bridges.

This article describes a 5-year study of 73 cats that were surgically treated for mandibular fractures or combinations of fractures with luxation of the temporomandibular joint. Surgical technique and results are described in detail.     

Feline oral-dental radiographic examination and interpretation.

This article describes the technique of taking intraoral radiographs and developing film. Interpretation of oral radiographs is described. Radiation safety is reviewed. A troubleshooting section is included.     

Clinical utility of pneumogastrography in dogs

Pneumogastrography utilizes negative contrast media such as air or carbonated beverages to improve visualization of luminal contents and mucosal surfaces within the stomach. Pneumogastrography as a diagnostic technique in cases of gastric disease has not been widely described in the veterinary literature and is a procedure that may yield additional information not obtained from survey radiographs. This technique is useful in the diagnosis of luminal and mucosal gastric diseases. In this article, the pneumogastrography technique and relevant literature are reviewed. Six case examples are included that demonstrate the utility of pneumogastrography in dogs with gastric disease.     

蚯蚓有效成分分离提纯技术及药理作用研究进展

介绍了国内外对于蚯蚓的有效成分抗菌肽、纤溶酶系、抗氧化物、镇痛及抗损伤等相关物质的分离纯化技术及作用.为蚯蚓有效成分的分离纯化及其产品的研发和利用提供参考.     

Routine surgical procedures in dairy cattle under field conditions: abomasal surgery, dehorning, and tail docking.

This article discusses the different methods used for the correction of left displaced abomasum. The advantages, disadvantages, and success rates of each technique are reviewed. The most common complications are described, and the economics of repeat surgery after a failed left displaced abomasum repair are examined. This article also addresses the need for anesthesia when dehorning and tail docking dairy cattle. The justifications for routine use of these two procedures are discussed, mainly from an animal welfare standpoint.     

A review of angular limb deformities

This article provides some guidelines for the evaluation and management of angular limb deformities in young horses. It begins by looking at factors that influence conformation and that should be taken into consideration when making a decision as to the significance of a particular conformational trait. Perinatal and acquired deformities are then discussed separately with an emphasis on the latter. Options for their correction are described as well as the results of recent publications using these techniques. Finally the approach to management of deformities at each of the most commonly encountered locations is described.     

Laser ablation of endometrial and lymphatic cysts

This article discusses uterine cysts (endometrial and lymphatic), their diagnosis, and therapeutic management using neodynium: yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser ablation as directed by hysteroscopic visualization. The technique used in our clinical setting is described along with a discussion of the follow-up results in mares treated by the Sarkey's Surgical Laser Laboratory at Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, over the past 7 years.     

Excision arthroplasty of the femoral head and neck

An abnormality of the coxofemoral joint is recognized when the articular cartilage sliding interface between the femoral head and the acetabulum is interrupted. The article considers the pathologic conditions that may affect the normal coxofemoral articulation and are responsive to excision arthroplasty. Techniques of excision arthroplasty and the biceps femoris muscle sling technique are described.     

Collection and evaluation of equine peritoneal and pleural effusions

This article discusses collection, slide preparation, culture technique, fluid analysis and evaluation, and cytologic evaluation of peritoneal and pleural effusions. The morphologic characteristics of various effusions are described, and the physical characteristics (volume, color, turbidity) of effusions are discussed. An algorithm for classifying effusions as transudates, modified transudates, or exudates is included, and each category is discussed.     

酶定向进化方法的研究进展

酶作为一种生物催化剂,已广泛应用于生活和生产中,但能直接应用于工业生产的天然酶并不多,因此,需要对酶进行人工改造。分子定向进化是在实验室模拟自然进化过程的一种技术,已广泛用于酶的改造中,并取得了较好的成绩。作者将简要介绍酶定向进化的原理、方法及应用,并展望其发展前景。     

Surgical Repair of Congenital Lateral Luxation of the Patella in the Foal and Calf

Repair of lateral luxation of the patella in horses and cows has consistently produced poor results; reluxation, muscle atrophy, septic arthritis, and degenerative joint disease are frequent postoperative complications of the techniques previously described. A new technique for repair of congenital lateral luxation of the patella in foals and calves is described; it includes lateral release of the patella followed by imbrication of the medial aspect of the joint capsule. Postoperative evaluation, up to 1½ years, confirmed the efficacy of the technique with retention of normal patellar position and range of motion. Muscle atrophy and lameness disappeared completely in 2 animals, which showed no radiographic evidence of degenerative joint disease at the time of surgical repair. Since the preparation of this article, 3 more calves have been successfully repaired with excellent clinical results up to 12 weeks postoperatively.     

Sensitivity of double microcentrifugation for the research of trypanosomes

The double microcentrifugation technique, described by KRATZER and ONDIEK (1989) for the parasitological diagnosis of trypanosomes, has been tested both in the laboratory and in the field. The limits of detection obtained here were not as low as those described in the original experiment, but the sensitivity of this technique for the detection of Trypanosoma brucei, T. congolense and T. vivax was better than the phase contrast buffy coat method. This technique, which is easy to apply in the field, is highly recommended, especially for epidemiological surveys. A protocol and a list of equipment are included.     

Endoscopy of the lower gastrointestinal tract

Colonoscopy is an extremely valuable diagnostic technique. It allows the veterinarian to visualize the lower gastrointestinal tract and obtain tissue for a definitive diagnosis with a noninvasive approach. This article reviews the indications, contraindications, instrumentation, and technique of endoscopy of the lower gastrointestinal tract.     

A simple method of gonioscopy for the dog and cat

A simple but often adequate technique of gonioscopy utilizing a condensing lens is described. This technique is not used in preference to the more established methods but, in the absence of a goniolens and gonioscope, it does provide the practitioner with a diagnostic facility that is an essential part of glaucoma management.     

Percutaneous catheterization of the femoral artery in the dog

A new method is described for percutaneous catheterization of the femoral artery in the dog. This technique proved to be satisfactory and produced no untoward sequelae.     

小鼠单精注射研究进展

自从Piezo操作系统应用于显微操作代替了传统的机械注入方法以来,小鼠胞质内单精注射的成功率就大大提高了。单精注射(ICSI)的基本原理并不复杂,但是许多研究表明小鼠精子的质膜、顶体、制动时间均会对ICSI的结果造成影响。文章概述了小鼠单精注射的基本原理及小鼠精子质膜的完整性,顶体反应,制动时间与ICSI成功率之间的关系,以期在此基础上提出今后的研究方向,对于分析受精过程的发生,改进单精注射技术及进一步提高受精率,都具有重要的理论意义及实践价值。