豚鼠醛化红细胞在人流感病毒血凝活性测定中的应用

在流感疫情监测中,血凝试验是最常用的检测方法.针对鸡红细胞不能凝集流感病毒"O"相毒株,新鲜红细胞需现采现配、麻烦、费时,易溶血、不易保存等问题,本试验对豚鼠醛化红细胞制备方法的筛选和制备条件的优化进行研究,并以新鲜豚鼠红细胞为对照,用于流感病毒不同型别血凝试验.结果表明,戊二醛固定法制备的豚鼠醛化红细胞不溶血、结果稳定性好、保存期长、血凝活性与新鲜豚鼠红细胞基本一致,可以替代新鲜豚鼠红细胞用于血凝试验.     

对血凝试验用鸡红细胞保存条件的探讨

对血凝试验所用的鸡红细胞的保存条件进行了比较。在新鲜红细胞液中加入甘油或尿素可以延缓细胞破裂溶血。鸡红细胞经戊二醛处理后，于4℃保存9个月，其凝集特性未发生变化，同时在醛化红细胞中加入甘油更能稳定血凝活性。在4℃、室温和37℃条件下将制备的新鲜红细胞和醛化红细胞用作血凝试验的指示剂，不影响新城疫病毒抗原血凝滴度。结果表明，所制备的醛化鸡红细胞的甘油悬液可以替代新鲜红细胞用于临床实践中新城疫的血凝和血凝抑制试验测定。     

几种红细胞在新城疫病毒检测中的应用

新城疫病毒能凝集多种禽类和哺乳类的红细胞,实验室中以鸡的最为常用。在血凝实验中习惯用新鲜红细胞,但其质脆易碎,不易保存,每次实验需临时制备。而醛化红细胞在4℃可贮存一年以上,此种细胞耐受溶解和破坏的能力甚强,反复冻融不会发生溶解。醛化细胞不妨碍对抗原或抗体的吸附,其血凝价一般与新鲜红细胞相似。我们用鸡、豚鼠、绵羊三种动物的醛化和新鲜红细胞分别做了新城疫病毒血凝试验的比较。     

鸡醛化红细胞在鸽Ⅰ型副粘病毒HA和HI试验中的应用

在血凝（HA）和血凝抑制（HI）试验中，传统的方法采用新鲜红细胞。由于新鲜红细胞容易破碎，保存时间短，每次试验需临时准备，使用很不方便。本文采用醛化红细胞进行鸽1型副粘病毒的HA和HI试验，并与新鲜红细胞进行对照，结果表明，两种红细胞在鸽1型副粘病毒的HA和HI试验中的结果基本一致，而使用醛化红细胞更为便利。现将结果报道如下。1材料与方法l．l鸽1型副粘病毒（鸽A／PMV－1）；鸽A”MV－IZH株由本室鉴定保存，在9－11日龄鸡胚培养后收获尿囊液无菌检查后置4C保存备用。用于HI试验的病毒经0．2％甲醛37C灭活24小时后置…     

醛化鸡红细胞在EDS-76病毒HA和HI试验中的应用

用醛化鸡红细胞进行 EDS-76病毒的血凝(HA)及血凝抑制(HI)试验结果与用新鲜鸡红细胞检测的结果相同或低一个滴度,图象清晰、稳定、结果易于判定。醛化鸡红细胞具有保存期长、使用方便、无自凝性等优点.     

醛化鸡红细胞应用于鸡新城疫的诊断和抗体检测

将新鲜鸡红细胞经戊二醛处理后，制成醛化鸡红细胞。该醛化鸡红细胞具有特异性，不发生自凝，保存期可达半年以上，和阴性尿囊液不发生凝集，与新工细胞同时用于血球凝集和血球凝集抑制试验，对疑似鸡新城疫病料和待检测血清进行检测，结果在ＨＡ试验中，新鲜鸡红细胞比醛化鸡红细胞高１－３个滴度，而在ＨＩ试验中，两种红细胞所得结果基本一致，有的则醛化对外开放红细胞比新鲜鸡红细胞高１－２个滴度。由此说明，醛化鸡红细胞完全     

醛化刺猬红细胞的制备及其在鸡新城疫HA和HI试验中的应用

本文首次证明刺猬红细胞具有凝集鸡新城疫（ＮＤ）病毒的特征，并能被抗ＮＤ特异血清抑制。用１％醛化刺猬红细胞进行ＮＤ的血凝（ＨＡ）及血凝抑制（ＨＩ）试验，与用０．５％新鲜鸡红细胞检测的结果相差一个滴度，图象清晰、稳定。易于判断，可代替鸡红细胞进行ＮＤ的ＨＡ和ＨＩ试验。此外，醛化刺猬红细胞具有保存期长，使用方便，反应均一，无自凝等特点     

猪红细胞醛化及其在犬细小病毒血凝试验中的应用

为了克服犬细小病毒血凝检测因随时需要新鲜猪红细胞而不能在临床广泛应用的缺点,试验用戊二醛醛化猪红细胞进行犬细小病毒血凝试验(HA)。结果表明:醛化后的红细胞不变形,结构完整,细胞膜的硬度增加,细胞不易破碎。1%醛化猪红细胞比1%新鲜猪红细胞检测结果低1~2个效价,结果容易判读,且具有检测的特异性,准确性。说明醛化的猪红细胞可以代替新鲜猪红细胞进行血凝检测。     

冻干细胞检验鸡新城疫血清抗体的试验

冻干（醛化）红细胞和新鲜红细胞与同一份鸡血清分别做鸡新城疫（ND）的血凝（HA）和血凝抑制（HI）试验，二者血凝抑制价基本符合率达98．72％，相关系数为0．9288，冻干红细胞完全可以代替新鲜红细胞做血凝抑制试验检测鸡新城疫抗体效价。     

鸡醛化红细胞在血凝和血凝抑制试验中的应用

应用鸡醛化红细胞 (FoRBC)代替新鲜配制红细胞 (FrRBC) ,进行血凝试验 (HA)和血凝抑制试验 (HI) ,以检测病毒滴度及其对应抗体效价。结果 :0 75 %FoRBC与 1 %FrRBC所测病毒HA和相应抗体HI效价一致。表明 0 75 %FoRBC可以替代 1 %FrRBC ,且具有不易破裂 ,保存期长 ,使用方便 ,无自凝 ,图象清晰、稳定 ,结果易判定等优点     

Evaluation of red blood cell fragility in Pygmy goats

Red blood cells from 6 Pygmy goats were determined to be significantly (P less than 0.01) more susceptible to osmotic lysis and mechanical stress than were RBC from 6 Toggenburg goats. Differences in RBC size and shape and adenosine 5'-triphosphate concentration between the 2 breeds were not significant. The differences observed in the in vitro tests may be attributable to differences in RBC membrane composition.     

Controversies related to red blood cell transfusion in critically ill patients

Objective – To review the evolution of and controversies associated with allogenic blood transfusion in critically ill patients. Data sources – Veterinary and human literature review. Human Data Synthesis – RBC transfusion practices for ICU patients have come under scrutiny in the last 2 decades. Human trials have demonstrated relative tolerance to severe, euvolemic anemia and a significant outcome advantage following implementation of more restricted transfusion therapy. Investigators question the ability of RBCs stored longer than 2 weeks to improve tissue oxygenation, and theorize that both age and proinflammatory or immunomodulating effects of transfused cells may limit efficacy and contribute to increased patient morbidity and mortality. Also controversial is the ability of pre‐ and post‐storage leukoreduction of RBCs to mitigate adverse transfusion‐related events. Veterinary Data Synthesis – While there are several studies evaluating the transfusion trigger, the RBC storage lesion and transfusion‐related immunomodulation in experimental animal models, there is little research pertaining to clinical veterinary patients. Conclusions – RBC transfusion is unequivocally indicated for treatment of anemic hypoxia. However, critical hemoglobin or Hct below which all critically ill patients require transfusion has not been established and there are inherent risks associated with allogenic blood transfusion. Clinical trials designed to evaluate the effects of RBC age and leukoreduction on veterinary patient outcome are warranted. Implementation of evidence‐based transfusion guidelines and consideration of alternatives to allogenic blood transfusion are advisable.     

Antibody-mediated suppression of erythropoiesis in dogs with red blood cell aplasia

Eight dogs with acquired RBC aplasia were studied. Unfractionated sera and serum immunoglobulin G fractions were examined for the presence of erythroid progenitor cell inhibitors. A serum immunoglobulin G inhibitor directed against precursors of erythroid colony-forming units was detected in 3 of 5 dogs that were direct Coombs' test-negative and in 1 of 3 dogs that were direct Coombs' test-positive. Sera from these dogs were treated with binary ethyleneimine to inactivate any viruses present. The inhibitory effects of the treated serum on erythroid colony-forming units was not ameliorated.