1株鹅副黏病毒的生物学特性分析

对鹅副黏病毒61/GO/GD/05分离株进行主要的生物学特性试验。结果显示,该毒株的鸡胚平均死亡时间(MDT)为78 h,脑内接种指数(ICPI)为1.70;静脉接种指数(IVPI)为2.34;对鸡胚的半数感染量(EID50)为10-7.43/0.2 mL;对鹅的半数致死量(LD50)为10-1.93/0.5 mL;致病性试验表明,该毒株对21日龄非免疫鸡和16日龄非免疫鹅都具有较强的致病性。综合各项生物学特性指标,确定该毒株为强毒力GPMV毒株。对其F基因进行分子生物学分析,表明该毒株为基因Ⅶ型。     

一株鹅源新城疫病毒分子特征和遗传发生分析

经对2007年从昆明某鹅场疑似新城疫发病鹅体内得到的病原进行分离鉴定,结果表明中国部分地区鹅群中已存在对鹅和鸡等禽类具有较强致病性的NDV。该毒株经毒力(MDT)检测为强毒株,鸡胚平均死亡时间为48~60h。RTPCR扩增出了融合蛋白(F)基因,测定相应的核苷酸序列并进行遗传发生分析和酶切位点分析,对基因编码的氨基酸序列进行了推导,试验毒株的蛋白酶裂解激活位点附近的氨基酸序列为112R(K)RQKR↓F117,为强毒特征序列。根据绘制的系统进化发生树和F基因上限制性内切酶(RE)位点分布,确定了这个毒株为基因Ⅶ型。以上证据表明该基因型的新城疫病毒在我国鹅群的流行占据一定的优势。     

F一Ⅶ型鹅源禽副黏病毒的分离及其特性研究

从辽宁省某鹅场雏鹅体内分离到1株副黏病毒，该分离毒株具有血凝活性且血凝活性能被NDV标准阳性血清和鹅副黏病毒阳性血清所抑制，能使SPF鸡胚、非免疫鸭胚和鹅胚100％死亡；电镜观察见病毒颗粒呈多形性，多为圆形，有囊膜，直径200nm左右；ELD500为10^8.6／mL，MDT为56h，ICPI为1．94。通过RT—PCR扩增出F基因，鉴定为基因Ⅶ型强毒株，测序结果为HBS209，与CH2000的同源率为91．8％，从而确定分离毒株属于禽副黏病毒Ⅰ型(APMV—Ⅰ)的基因变异强毒株。动物接种试验表明，该毒株对鸭无致病性，对鹅、鸡、鸽的致病率和致死率均达100％。     

鹅副粘病毒强毒YNG-1株的分离及人工感染试验

采用鸡胚接种法从云南省某鹅场发生烈性传染病的鹅群中分离到一株病毒，经HA，HI试验，鸡胚接种试验，血清中和鸡胚接种试验，确定所分离病毒为副粘病毒，鸡胚半数致死量（ELD50）为10^-8.57/0.1ml。参照国际上规定的新城疫病毒毒力制定标准及其方法，测定该分离株的鸡胚是小致死量致死鸡胚的平均时间（MDT）54h,1日龄雏鸡脑内接种致病指灵敏（ICPI）为1.71,6周龄鸡静脉内接种致病指数（IVPI）为2.36。表明该分离株具有与新城疫病毒速发型相类似的毒力，为强毒株，命名为YNG-1株。人工感染试验结果表明该分离株对6日龄鹅及16日龄鸡致死率均为100%，对6日龄肉鸭无致病性。     

一株鸭源新城疫病毒强毒株的分离与初步鉴定

从表现腹泻、神经症状、肠道粘膜局部出血、坏死以及卵泡充血、出血为特征的病死产蛋鸭分离到一株病毒,经血凝（hemagglutinin,HA）、血凝抑制（hemagglutination inhibition,HI）和血清中和试验（seium neutralization,SN）及部分融合蛋白（F）基因的序列测定初步鉴定为新城疫病毒（Newcastle disease virus,NDV）,命名为JSD0812株。该毒株10日龄SPF鸡胚平均死亡时间（mean deathtime,MDT）为54．6h,1日龄SPF鸡脑内接种致病指数（intracerebral pathogenicity index,ICPI）为1．75,6周龄SPF鸡静脉接种指数（intravenous pathogenicity index,IvPI）为2．68,其F蛋白裂解位点氨基酸序列为^112R—R—Q—K—R—F^117,上述结果符合NDV强毒株的分子特征,证实该毒株为NDV强毒株。致病性试验表明该毒株对鸡、鸭和鹅均有很强的致病性．     

免疫鸭体内副黏病毒的分离及其F基因的分子特征

为分析当地鸭副黏病毒流行状况及其融合蛋白(F)基因的序列特征,从江苏省某新城疫疫苗免疫过的鸭群中分离到1株病毒,经血清学试验和中和试验鉴定为鸭副黏病毒,命名为JS0920株.生物学特性分析,9日龄SPF鸡胚的半数致死量(ELD50)为10-5.3；9日龄SPF鸡胚的最小致死量平均死亡时间(MDT)为47.7h,1日龄SPF鸡脑内接种致病指数(ICPI)为1.875,6周龄鸡静脉接种致病指数(IVPI)测定为2.7.用该病毒的培养物(鸡胚尿囊液)经肌肉注射攻毒,鸭的发病率为70％,死亡率为40％；鸡的发病率和死亡率均为100％.用RT-PCR方法扩增该分离毒株的F基因,序列分析表明,JS0920株与标准强毒株F48E9的核苷酸序列和氨基酸序列同源性最高,分别为99.2％和99.5％,与免疫预防用的LaSota株的同源性分别为89.0％和92.2％；其多肽裂解位点为112R-R-Q-R-R-F117,具有高致病性鸭副黏病毒毒株的分子特征；系统发育进化树分析,JS0920株与LaSota株的基因型不同,JS0920株为基因Ⅸ型,与F48E9株的亲缘关系最近.试验结果对认识当前DPMV的流行和变异现状以及疫苗研制具有重要的参考价值.     

鹅副粘病毒YF株的分离鉴定与生物学特性研究

从辽宁省某鹅场病死鹅中分离到1株禽Ⅰ型副粘病毒.应用鸡胚传代、电镜形态学观察、红细胞凝集、红细胞凝集抑制试验、血清中和试验、动物回归试验、免疫保护试验进行了研究,并进行了最小致死量平均死亡时间(MDT)、脑接种致病指数(ICPI)、静脉内接种致病指数(IVPI)三项毒力指标的测定.参照新城疫病毒毒力判定的标准及其方法,分别测定该分离株的鸡(鹅)胚MDT、1日龄鸡(鹅)ICPI和6周龄鸡(鹅)IVPI为51.6/68.6 h、1.75/1.70和1.68/1.72.结果表明,该分离株为鹅副粘病毒强毒株,命名为YF株.应用YF毒株制备的油乳剂灭活苗免疫实验鸡和雏鹅,结果表明有良好的保护率.     

鹅副黏病毒的分离与鉴定

从鹅体内分离到一株副黏病毒（DG01株），该病毒具有血凝活性且血凝活性能被新城疫标准阳性血清和鹅副黏病毒阳性血清所抑制，能使SPF鸡胚、非免疫鸭胚和鹅胚100％死亡。电镜观察见病毒颗粒呈多形性，多为圆形有囊膜，直径在200nm左右；ELD50为10^8.6／ml，MDT为56h，ICPI为1．94。对DG01株通过RT-PCR方法，扩增出F基因，鉴定为基因Ⅶ强毒株，测序结果与CH2000同源率为91．8％，因此确定DG01株属于禽副黏病毒Ⅰ型（APMV-1）的基因变异强毒株。动物接种试验表明DC01株对鸭无致病性，对鹅、鸡、鸽具有100％的发病率和致死率。     

鸭源新城疫病毒TH-1株的分离鉴定及遗传进化分析

试验从吉林省通化某地发病死亡鸭子病料中分离到1株具有血凝性的病毒,通过血凝试验、血凝抑制试验、血清中和试验及融合蛋白(F)基因的扩增测序,初步鉴定为新城疫病毒,命名为TH-1株。该病毒鸡胚平均死亡时间(MDT)、1日龄雏鸡脑内接种致病指数(ICPI)及6周龄鸡静脉接种致病指数(IVPI)分别为53.4 h、1.85和2.575,表明该新城疫病毒为强毒。F蛋白多肽裂解位点为112-RRQKRF-117,符合新城疫强毒株裂解位点氨基酸序列,进一步证明该毒株为新城疫强毒株。F基因核苷酸及氨基酸同源性比对发现,TH-1株与中国野鸭源新城疫病毒分离株mallard China HLJ株的同源性最高,核苷酸同源性达到了99.3%,同为新城疫基因Ⅶ型毒株,与目前新城疫流行的主要基因型Ⅶ型相一致,为鸭源新城疫的有效防制提供了理论基础。     

鸡传染性法氏囊病毒JS株毒力测定

35日龄SPF鸡半数致死量(LD50)和9日龄SPF鸡胚半数致死量(ELD50)试验结果显示,传染性法氏囊病毒(1BDV)JS株的LD50为10-3.60.1 mL/只,ELD50为10-5.20.1 mL/胚;1～6周龄SPF鸡及商品鸡的致病性试验结果显示,IBDV JS株对SPF鸡和商品鸡3周龄后的致病率为100%,最高致死率分别为93.75%和75%;应用RT-PCR方法从IBDV JS株中扩增的VP2基因,经序列测定分析结果显示,IBDV JS株的VP2基因与香港HK46、日本OKYM、英国UK661等国际超强毒株的氨基酸序列的同源性达99%以上.表明IBDV JS株为超强毒株.     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Changes in proportion of canine urinary calculi composed of calcium oxalate or struvite in specimens analyzed from 1981 through 2001

The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.     

Smart Phone Assisted City-scale Wireless Sensor Network Deployment for Transportation System Monitoring

<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.