绵羊卵巢动脉及其分支的解剖学特征

旨在用管道铸型技术制作绵羊卵巢动脉立体构筑标本,观察其形态特征及分布规律,分析其功能相关性,为绵羊生殖生理及卵巢解剖学研究奠定基础。采集20只藏绵羊子宫及卵巢样本,用8%丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(ABS)铸型剂通过卵巢动脉进行灌注,获得卵巢动脉风干及腐蚀标本,通过观察或图片采集分析其解剖学特性。研究发现,绵羊的卵巢动脉包括卵巢支、子宫支及输卵管支,并有更小分支向系膜供血;卵巢支螺旋动脉可分为重螺旋、螺旋及轻螺旋3种不同形态,部分个体有分支螺旋动脉伴行;进入卵巢后,卵巢微动脉在卵巢门髓质部呈拳头状重螺旋折叠,末端发出卵泡或黄体微动脉。结果表明,绵羊卵巢动脉及其分支与普通牛类似,其卵巢支呈复杂的螺旋形盘绕特征,推测能降低血压、维持卵巢供血稳定性及促进优势卵泡成熟。     

藏绵羊脑动脉系统的结构特征

以成年欧拉型藏绵羊头为试验材料,采用管道铸型腐蚀技术,制作了藏绵羊脑动脉系统的铸型标本,用大体解剖学方法对其结构特性开展了研究。结果显示,藏绵羊颅内主要脑动脉由脑部颈动脉、大脑动脉环和各脑动脉分支组成;大脑动脉环的整体形状呈"倒葫芦"形,管径均匀一致,其上发源的脑动脉各分支左右对称,基本走形相同;藏绵羊的脑硬膜外异网主要由一对左右对称的长三角形四面体构成,脑异网左右两叶间有2~3条"V"型吻合支呈疏松或紧密连接。藏绵羊大脑动脉环与其他动物类似,主要脑动脉间少有细小侧支出现。本试验观察的藏绵羊标本,其左、右大脑前动脉之间没有交通支连接;藏绵羊与牛科动物比较,其颅外主要的供脑血管网无脑硬膜外后异网及附属结构。     

绵羊卵巢动脉铸型标本制作方法的建立

试验旨在探讨绵羊卵巢动脉铸型标本的制作方法,研究卵巢及其周边血管的分布与供血特征,为哺乳动物生殖系统血管的精细解剖学尤其是女性卵巢的供血机制研究奠定基础。通过采集绵羊子宫及附件样本,解剖分离出卵巢的部分螺旋动脉使其呈直线型,采用双侧卵巢动脉同时插管,用8% ABS灌注螺旋动脉及其分支,待铸型剂硬化后再用30%盐酸腐蚀软组织,经冲洗、修整获得完整的卵巢动脉血管立体铸型标本。由标本可见,绵羊卵巢动脉分支包括：卵巢动脉卵巢支、卵巢动脉子宫支和卵巢动脉输卵管支;卵巢动脉卵巢支包含：卵巢微动脉、卵巢门螺旋动脉、卵巢门轻螺旋动脉及卵巢门重螺旋动脉。观察发现,卵巢动脉卵巢支呈高度螺旋状结构,卵巢内微动脉主要集中于卵巢门附近,呈高度盘曲折叠的立体网状结构,在微动脉末端发出微血管延伸至卵巢其他区域。通过该方法制成的铸型标本血管走向清晰、表面光滑、立体感强,可作为哺乳动物卵巢血管相关研究的参考。     

猪肺管道铸型标本的制作

利用注射器或自制塑料插管对猪肺气管、支气管动脉、肺动脉、肺静脉插管,按常规灌注红色、蓝色的环氧树脂、四氯乙烯、自凝牙托粉填充剂并铸型。制作好的猪肺铸型标本管道充盈饱满,结构完整,能清晰显示猪肺空腔管道分布情况,三维结构立体感强。     

高原型藏羊与湖羊、小尾寒羊卵巢动脉构筑的比较

分别从青海、浙江及山东采集高原型藏羊、湖羊和小尾寒羊的新鲜卵巢样本,利用血管铸型技术获得3个绵羊品种的卵巢动脉构筑标本,通过标本观察、管径测量、数据分析等,研究卵巢动脉及其分支的解剖学特性及与绵羊繁殖性能的相关性。结果显示,3个绵羊品种卵巢动脉分支中的输卵管支、子宫支及其小动脉分支,其走形均显示出程度不同的波浪形弯曲;高原型藏羊的卵巢动脉主支、输卵管支和子宫支的管径及卵巢支螺旋线圈数目均显著小于小尾寒羊和湖羊(P0.05)。结果表明,生活在高海拔环境中的藏羊,其不发达的卵巢动脉及其分支会引起卵巢及其周围组织的供血减少,导致卵泡的发育及优势化能力低,可能是造成其产羔率低的原因之一。     

兰州大尾羊肾动脉血管分布铸型研究

为了研究兰州大尾羊肾脏血管的分布情况,试验利用ABS塑胶液的冷塑性,用红色的塑胶液灌注于羊肾动脉,定型后,经过浓度为30%的盐酸腐蚀、自来水冲洗及人工修整等过程,制作羊肾脏铸型标本。结果表明:兰州大尾羊肾动脉入肾门后在肾实质内相继分支形成叶间动脉,在肾脏的皮质与髓质交界处延续为弓形动脉,由弓行动脉发出与肾表面近似垂直的小叶间动脉,小叶间动脉发出球小动脉和直小动脉;直小动脉可由弓行动脉、小叶间动脉和出球小动脉发出,伸向肾髓质。     

犬肺脏管道铸型透明标本的制作

铸型透明标本就是通过向机体某器官的内腔、血管或者排泄管道灌注某种可塑性材料,使其在管道中模塑成型,然后通过药品处理的方法将组织或器官处理使其折光指数与透明剂的遮光指数相接近以显示其内部结构.本试验制作的犬肺脏管道铸型透明标本在保留肺脏解剖结构完整性的基础上清晰的呈现出血管的分布情况,在透明上选用氢氧化钾-甘油透明法,保存了组织的完整性,表面光滑、柔韧有弹性,且透明效果好,起到了保护所铸型的管道因各种因素导致的脱落、破坏的特点.     

甘肃地方绵羊品种mtDNA D-环序列遗传多样性与起源分析

为了研究甘肃地方绵羊品种mtDNA D-环序列遗传多样性与起源,利用设计的1对引物对绵羊mtDNA D-环序列进行PCR扩增和纯化测序.对序列数据进行单倍型、遗传多样性、系统发育树和网络关系分析.分析结果显示:120只绵羊mtDNA D-环序列(部分)表现出2种长度变异,其中3个序列长度为573 bp,117个序列长度为648 bp.对117个长度为648 bp的序列进行分析,发现77个单倍型.单倍型比例、单倍型多样度、核苷酸多样度和平均核苷酸差异数在蒙古羊都较高,而在兰州大尾羊和岷县黑裘皮羊都较低.系统发育树和网络关系分析均将77个单倍型明显的分为3个分支.研究认为:含有4个重复单元(75 bp)是甘肃地方绵羊品种mtDNA D-环的序列特征,在甘肃6个地方绵羊品种中,蒙占羊的遗传多样性最丰富,兰州大尾羊和岷县黑裘皮羊遗传多样性最低.系统发育和网络关系分析认为甘肃6个地方绵羊品种有3个母系起源.     

犬实质器官管道铸型标本插管和灌注的设计与制作

为了使实质器官管道铸型制作灌注较为顺利地进行,试验选用直径不同的导管直达脏器管道开口的插管方法,用不同的流速和不同的铸型剂浓度(15%,20%的过氯乙烯-牙托材料)进行灌注。结果表明:灌注较为顺畅,减少了操作的繁琐工序,减少了填充剂的浪费,做出的铸型标本管道饱满。说明动物心脏、肺脏、肝脏、肾脏等实质器官的管道灌注必须根据器官的特征及其管道容量的不同,采用不同的方法进行插管和灌注。     

绵羊肾段动脉及肾段的观察

试验应用血管铸型方法,对14枚(左肾7枚,右肾7枚)绵羊肾动脉分支分布做了研究。肾动脉在进入肾门前有两种分支形式:前后干型和背腹干型,后者占主要。背腹干分布形式的肾脏,背干在进入肾窦内分为一前支和一后支,由前支和后支发出肾脏背部各肾段动脉。腹干不分支而直接发出肾脏腹部各肾段动脉。各肾段动脉之间未见有吻合支。绵羊肾脏不论肾动脉是前后干型还是背腹干型,肾段动脉的数目均为7。肾段动脉分布的区域即为肾段,所以与之相应的肾段也有7个。     

3个不同品种羊Ⅰ型内根鞘角蛋白基因的差异表达

探讨了敖汉细毛羊、小尾寒羊和莱芜黑山羊3个不同品种毛囊生长期与毛囊发育有关的特异基因表达模式。采用基因表达谱芯片技术对上述3个品种羊毛生长期颈部、腹股沟部的Ⅰ型内根鞘角蛋白基因表达进行检测,通过实时定量PCR技术对差异基因进行验证。结果：Ⅰ型内根鞘角蛋白基因家族KRT25、KRT26、KRT27和KRT28在颈部的表达量无品种间显著变化（差异倍数小于2）;而在腹股沟部的表达量在品种间差异极显著（差异倍数大于2,P〈0.01）。实时定量PCR所得结果与基因芯片结果基本吻合。结果表明：Ⅰ型内根鞘角蛋白基因家族在不同品种羊中的表达量与特异部位毛囊分布密度有着重要的关系。     

Effects of skirting on yield, fineness, and value of wool from fine-wool range ewes.

Eighty-one mixed-age (2 to 8 yr old) Rambouillet ewes (58.5 kg, SD 5.9 kg) were randomly assigned to three treatment groups that contained similar numbers to study the effects of wool skirting on clean yield, fiber diameter, and prices received for fine wool. The sheep were managed as a single flock on an experimental ranch close to Barnhart, TX during the 4-yr study. Two fleece-skirting techniques (SK1 and SK2) were compared with a control procedure in which fleeces were not skirted before packaging (original bag, OB method). Skirted wools were higher yielding (P < .05) and contained less vegetable matter (P < .05) than skirts. However, clean yield and vegetable matter content of skirted and OB wools were not different (P > .05). Weight-averaged prices received for grease wool from the SK1, SK2, and OB treatments over the 4-yr period were 4.49, 4.36, and 3.83 $/kg, respectively. Prices received for both types of skirted wool plus skirts were higher (P < .05) than prices received for OB wool.     

饲粮类型对育肥湖羊肌肉脂肪酸和氨基酸组成的影响

本试验旨在研究不同饲粮类型对育肥湖羊肌肉脂肪酸和氨基酸组成的影响。选用90只体重为(24.65±2.80)kg的90日龄健康公湖羊,随机分为3组,分别饲喂传统精粗饲粮+舔砖(CK组)、全混合饲粮(TMR组)、粗料+精料颗粒料(CP组),每组3个重复,每个重复10只羊。预试期10 d,正试期120 d。结果表明:饲粮类型对育肥湖羊血清和肝脏的总超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶活性和丙二醛含量以及总抗氧化能力均无显著影响;与CK组相比,TMR组育肥湖羊背最长肌中棕榈酸和总的饱和脂肪酸的比例分别降低了10.77%和9.18%(P<0.05),但CK与CP组差异不显著;TMR组油酸和总的单不饱和脂肪酸的比例较CK组分别升高了4.78%和4.71%(P<0.05),但CK与CP组差异不显著;与CK组相比,TMR组湖羊肌肉中异亮氨酸和必需氨基酸含量分别上升了10.34%和4.45%(P<0.05);TMR组非必需氨基酸和总氨基酸含量较CK组分别升高了2.33%和3.42%(P<0.05),但CK与CP组差异不显著。上述结果提示,与传统精粗饲粮相比,TMR可显著增加育肥湖羊肌肉中不饱和脂肪酸和必需氨基酸含量,降低饱和脂肪酸比例,改善肉品质,提升羊肉的营养食用价值。     

Making Procedure of Vascular Corrosion Casts of Ovarian Artery in Sheep

In order to explore the making procedure of vascular corrosion casts of ovarian artery in sheep and study the distribution of the blood vessels, this study was carried out and it would provide the foundation of blood vessels anatomy of reproductive system including blood supply mechanism of female ovaries in mammals. Firstly, samples of the uterus and appendages in sheep were collected, and then ovarian arteries and their branches were infused with 8% ABS perfusion agents. After the agent became solid, the samples' soft tissues were corroded away with 30% hydrochloric acid, washed them down with running water and the moderate trim process was done for obtaining the complete vascular corrosion casts of ovarian artery in sheep.The finished casts showed that the ovarian artery in sheep arises three branches including uterine, ovarian and tubal. The ovarian branch showed complicated arrangement such as the spiral artery of ovarian hilus, light spiral piece of ovarian hilus and tight spiral piece of ovarian branch. The results confirmed that the ovarian branch was characterized by the presence of a tight spiral configuration in sheep, the ovarian arterioles were fasten on ovarian hilus, and there were some dense capillaries which extend to other regions of the ovary followed them. Through this procedure, the vascular distribution of corrosion casts was clear,three-dimensional and with smooth surface. It could provide a reference or model for the study of ovarian blood vessels in mammals.     

Arterial Peculiarities of the Thoracolumbar Spinal Cord in Rabbit

The aim of this study was to investigate the arterial blood supply of the thoracolumbar spinal cord in rabbit. The study was carried out on twenty adult New Zealand white rabbits. Ten rabbits were used in the corrosion technique and ten rabbits in the dissection technique. After the killing, the vascular network was perfused with saline. Batson's corrosion casting kit no. 17 © was used as a casting medium. After polymerisation of the medium, in ten rabbits the maceration was carried out in KOH solution, and in ten other rabbits, formaldehyde was injected by the dissection technique into the vertebral canal. We found high variability of segmental arteries supplying blood to the spinal cord. There are 12 intercostal arteries and 1 costo‐abdominal artery. Dorsal branches arising from the dorsal surface of the aorta thoracica were found as follows: in 70% of the cases, 9 pairs were present; in 20% of the cases 8 pairs; and in 10% of the cases 10 pairs. The paired arteriae lumbales were present in 6 pairs in 90% of the cases and in 5 pairs in 10% of the cases. On the dorsal surface of spinal cord, we found two irregular longitudinal arteries in 70% of the cases, no longitudinal arteries in 20% of the cases and three irregular longitudinal arteries in 10% of the cases receiving dorsal branches of rami spinales. Among the dorsal branches observed in the thoracic region, 60.5% were left‐sided, 39.5% right‐sided and in the lumbar region, 52.5% were left‐sided and 47.5% right‐sided.     

东北地区部分细毛羊羊毛品质检测分析

为了深入了解东北地区细毛羊的羊毛品质状况,更好地开展细毛羊品种选育与推广工作,试验进行了东北部分地区细毛羊毛样的长度、长度离散度、细度、细度离散度、净毛率、油脂含量、色度以及部分毛样的毛尖、毛中、毛根细度检测及羊毛品质分级。结果表明:所测毛样组成为细羊毛(71.97%)、半细羊毛(2.28%)、等外级(7.19%)和超细型(18.56%)4类。说明东北地区拥有符合细羊毛纺织标准的当地细毛羊品种和符合高档毛纺原料需求的超细型细毛羊种群,同时广泛分布着以毛肉兼用为主的细毛羊生产群。     

有机物添加对碱化土壤有机碳库及土壤质量的影响

以土默川苏打碱化土壤为研究对象,通过田间定位试验探讨不同有机物料添加对碱化土壤有机碳库与质量的影响.设置生物炭(BC)、牛粪(CD)、羊粪(GM)、玉米秸秆(SW)和对照(CK)共5个处理,于2019～2020年春季将所有有机物料以玉米秸秆全量还田(10.5t/hm2)为基准,按等量有机碳量(2.4t/hm2)的方式添...     

Classification of lung carcinomas in the dog and cat

A total of 218 lung carcinomas from dogs and cats were examined histologically. The tumors were classified into adenocarcinoma, squamous-cell carcinoma, bronchial gland carcinoma, and alveolar-cell carcinoma. We believe that adenocarcinoma should be subdivided into differentiated and undifferentiated types because the two are distinct histologically and vary in frequency in the cat and dog. It is also important to recognize bronchial gland carcinoma, a distinct histological type, and to subdivide alveolar-cell carcinoma into three separate types: anaplastic small-cell and large-cell types, and adenomatosis type.     

科尔沁沙质草地禾本科植物主要功能类型对连续放牧的反应

为了正确评价连续放牧对禾本科牧草的影响,在科尔沁典型沙质草地,设置不同放牧强度的4块样区,连续放牧4年后对各样区植被中禾本科植物的盖度和高度进行了样方调查,分析了3个禾本科植物功能类型.结果表明:1)禾本科植物的平均盖度对重牧比较敏感,而在中牧区、低牧区和对照区差异较小;2)3个功能类型植物的高度随放牧强度的增加,呈有规律的降低.而且多年生牧草的高度对放牧强度最敏感,一年生优质牧草次之,一年生劣性牧草最不敏感;3)多年生牧草在各样区的相对盖度随放牧强度的增加,逐渐减少,在重牧区仅为0.69%;一年生优质牧草在各样区的相对盖度表现为中牧区＞低牧区＞重牧区＞封育对照区,说明放牧干扰有提高此相对盖度的影响;一年生劣性牧草在各样区的相对盖度随放牧强度的增加,逐渐增大.