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1.
陈志华  张福英 《中国家禽》2005,27(20):56-58
随着抗菌药物在兽医临床上的广泛应用,细菌对药物的耐药性问题也日益严重,表现在不同年代菌株耐药率随时间的推移而呈递增趋势,不同年代菌株耐药谱向多重耐药递增的趋势。细菌耐药性的产生常常导致药物的无效治疗,文献报道大肠杆菌对“盐酸环丙沙星”的耐药性在三年时间内从10%上升到100%,药物有效率从100%下降到33.3%。解决致病菌耐药的出路,一是不断研究和生产新的抗菌药物,二是重视继续发挥已有抗菌药物的作用,  相似文献   

2.
近年来随着养鸡形势的发展,肉仔鸡养殖范围逐年扩大,养殖量也在逐渐上升。为此,对各种疫病的防制困难问题应更加予以重视。多年来临床发现,有许多肉仔鸡常出现鸡群饲养至中后期,出现零星死亡,陆续发病,且很难控制的现象,诊断为多种病原混合感染,鸡群临床表现为发病初期,整体状态正常,只是个别的出现呼吸道症状,消化异常,发病鸡只陆续增多,零星死亡,后期死亡率逐渐上升,每天约为0.1%-0.3%,且病程越长,死亡率越高,投用一些药物,死亡稍减,但药物一停,几天后,又开始发病,1-2个疗程用药后,再用各种药物都显得无能为力。  相似文献   

3.
1基本情况 湖南省益阳市徐某饲养的1300只产蛋黄羽肉种鸡,195日龄,产蛋率于160日龄时上升到50%后再没有上升,曾经用过很多药物,疗效较差,且软皮蛋、沙皮蛋较多,合格蛋所占比例不到80%,眼下正值蛋价较高时期,养殖户很烦恼。  相似文献   

4.
近几年肉鸡肠道病发生较多,给养鸡带来很大损失。鸡只一旦发生肠道病,饲料转化率降低,生长缓慢,死亡率上升,许多药物效果不明显,而且还经常出现停药复发的现象。  相似文献   

5.
家禽肠道细菌性传染病的发生与防制   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
对于家禽肠道细菌性传染病传统的防治方法是大量使用抗菌药物,随着病原菌耐药性的不断增强,抗菌药物的防治效果愈来愈差,二重感染的发病率明显提高,药物残留及耐药株对人类的影响也愈来愈明显,由家禽产品所引发的食物中毒的发病率也呈明显上升趋势,迫使人们不得不寻找新的控制该类传染病的方法。随着人们对肠道正常菌群区系研究的不断加深,对肠道传染病的发病机理也有了更加深刻的认识,维持肠道正常菌群的稳定性是防治该类传  相似文献   

6.
傅玉 《养猪》2023,(1):72-75
伴随着畜牧养殖业的规模化、集约化发展,生猪疾病发生率有逐年上升的趋势,抗菌药物作为防治动物细菌性传染病的首选。然而,由于长期过量的不合理使用,耐药现象越来越严重。本文就猪病防治过程中如何正确使用抗菌药物,做到科学合理使用,降低猪病治疗成本,保障猪肉产品的食用安全做出阐述。  相似文献   

7.
乳房炎是奶牛最常见的疾病之一,也是对奶牛生产危害最大的疾病。随着奶牛业的发展,该病在奶牛群中的发病率有上升的趋势。目前,国内对奶牛乳房炎的治疗仍以抗菌药物为主,但大量使用抗菌药物使牛体内和牛乳中药物残留严重超标,直接影响到人类身体健康;  相似文献   

8.
试验旨在揭示贵州省副猪嗜血杆菌(Haemophilus parasuis,Hps)的耐药性及其变化趋势,指导Glasser's病临床防控用药,减缓Hps耐药菌株出现。通过K-B纸片琼脂法,检测2013-2019年分离自贵州省9个地区517株Hps对15种常用抗菌药的耐药性,分析不同分离时期和分离地区的菌株的耐药性差异。结果显示,针对15种抗生素分别有14.36%~70.58%的分离菌株表现耐药,其中耐头孢噻呋菌株的比例最低,耐复方新诺明菌株的比例最高;与2013年相比,2019年分离的Hps菌株对13种抗生素的耐药率分别升高了4.52%~324.68%,其中耐头孢噻呋菌株比例上升速度最快,达324.68%,耐链霉素菌株比例上升最慢,仅4.52%,耐土霉素和四环素菌株的比例分别下降2.21%和8.63%,出现负增长。相对于凯里、毕节和兴义地区,安顺、遵义、贵阳地区流行的菌株对头孢噻呋、替米考星、多西环素等在全省范围内耐药菌株比例较低的药物耐药率相对较高,而对复方新诺明、阿莫西林、链霉素等在全省范围内耐药菌株比例较高的药物耐药率相对较低。这一结果说明,贵州省Hps菌株对15种常用药物的耐药性较为严重,且总体呈现上升趋势,不同地区分离株对部分抗菌药的耐药率呈现明显的地区差异性。  相似文献   

9.
随着生活水平的提高,食品结构也随之调整,稀缺的鸭蛋销售也逐渐扩大市场,鸭肉、鸭蛋供不应求,销售量直线上升,如何生产无药残的鸭蛋成为养殖户关注的热点。鸭是水禽,对药物的敏感度很高,尽量少用药,才能保持较高的饲养效益,主要应注意以下几点:  相似文献   

10.
最近一段时间,初产母鸡产蛋率很难上升到90%,即使产蛋率上升到了90%,也维持不了几天便下降到70%--80%,甚至更低,给广大养殖户带来很大经济损失,极大影响了人们的养殖信心。这其中既有饲养管理的失误,也有营养、免疫、药物预防的不合理因素,对此我们提出如下应对措施,供广大养殖朋友参考。  相似文献   

11.
本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。  相似文献   

12.
用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10~0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。  相似文献   

13.
乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和 Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。  相似文献   

14.
以国际标准强毒R株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离MG,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离MG。结果表明,人工感染48小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,96小时气囊已被感染,120小时输卵管已能分离到MG,卵巢始终分离不到MG。人工感染鸡自144小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出MG。药物治疗能在72小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需24天后逐渐降低蛋内MG分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内MG,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。  相似文献   

15.
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。  相似文献   

16.
Reasons for performing study: Clinical experiences indicate that centesis of the lateral compartment of the femorotibial joint is often unsuccessful. Objective: To determine the accuracy of 2 published and 2 unpublished techniques of centesis of the lateral compartment of the femorotibial joint. Hypothesis: It was hypothesised that a drug can be administered into the lateral compartment of the femorotibial joint via a diverticulum of this joint that surrounds the medial aspect of the long digital extensor tendon and that this technique is more accurate than described techniques of centesis of this compartment. Methods: Twenty‐four stifles of 12 horses were divided equally into 4 groups and a radiocontrast medium injected into the lateral compartment of the femorotibial joint of each group using a hypodermic needle inserted: 1) caudal to the lateral patellar ligament and proximal to the tibial plateau, 2) caudal to the long digital extensor tendon and proximal to the tibial plateau, 3) between the long digital extensor tendon and bone of the extensor groove of the tibia or 4) directly through the long digital extensor tendon until it contacted bone. Twelve veterinary students who had no experience using any of these techniques performed the injections. Accuracy of each technique was determined by examining radiographs obtained after injecting the contrast medium. Results: The most successful technique for arthrocentesis was by inserting a needle through the long digital extensor tendon. This approach was successful in all attempted cases, whilst other techniques had lower rates of success. Conclusions: The lateral compartment of the femorotibial joint can be accessed accurately by inserting a needle through the long digital extensor tendon as it lies within the extensor groove. Other techniques may not be as accurate for clinicians inexperienced in arthrocentesis of the lateral compartment of the femorotibial joint.  相似文献   

17.
This experiment was aimed to study the nutritional content and value of the muscles of two mallards (White feather mallard and mallard),and provide basic data and theoretical basis for the development and utilization of mallard meat products.60 White feathered mallards and mallards (30 for each breed,half of male and female) were chosen,and the composition and content of pectoral muscle crude protein,crude fat,cholesterol,amino acids,fatty acids,trace elements and vitamins were determined according to national standards and the nutritional values of muscle were evaluated.The results showed that the content of crude protein in muscle of White feather mallard was significantly lower than that of mallard (P<0.05).17 kinds of amino acids with contents higher than 0.01% were detected in the muscles of the two kinds of mallards,among which the contents of threonine,histidine,serine and proline in the muscles of the White feather mallard were significantly higher than those of mallard (P<0.05).The contents of lysine,glutamate and arginine were significantly lower than those of mallard (P<0.05).13 kinds of fatty acids with contents higher than 0.01% were detected,and the contents of stearic acid and oleic acid were significantly lower than those of the mallard.9 mineral elements (sodium,magnesium,potassium,calcium,manganese,iron,copper,zinc and selenium) in two kinds of mallards were detected,and there was no significant difference between the two kinds of mallards (P>0.05).8 kinds of vitamins were detected,and the content of vitamin B1 in muscle of White feather mallard was significantly higher than that of mallard (P<0.05),but the contents of vitamin D and vitamin E were significantly lower than that of mallard (P<0.05).The ratio of amino acids in muscle of two kinds of mallards was close to the ideal model recommended by WHO,which was rich in mineral elements and vitamins for human body,and had a broad prospect of development and utilization.  相似文献   

18.
本试验旨在研究两种绿头鸭(白羽绿头鸭和绿头鸭)肌肉营养组成和价值,为绿头鸭肉产品的开发利用提供基础数据和理论依据。选择白羽绿头鸭和绿头鸭60只(每个品种各30只,公母各半),依照国家标准测定胸肌粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、胆固醇含量及氨基酸、脂肪酸、微量元素和维生素的组成和含量,并对胸肌进行氨基酸评价及脂肪酸营养价值评价。结果显示,白羽绿头鸭肌肉粗蛋白质含量显著低于绿头鸭(P<0.05);两种绿头鸭肌肉中均检测到17种含量大于0.01%的氨基酸,其中白羽绿头鸭肌肉苏氨酸、组氨酸、丝氨酸和脯氨酸含量显著高于绿头鸭(P<0.05),赖氨酸、谷氨酸和精氨酸含量显著低于绿头鸭(P<0.05);检测到13种含量均大于0.01%的脂肪酸,其中白羽绿头鸭硬脂酸和油酸含量显著低于绿头鸭(P<0.05);检测到9种矿物质元素(钠、镁、钾、钙、锰、铁、铜、锌和硒),两种绿头鸭差异不显著(P>0.05);检测到8种维生素,白羽绿头鸭肌肉维生素B1含量显著高于绿头鸭(P<0.05),维生素D和维生素E含量显著低于绿头鸭(P<0.05)。两种绿头鸭肌肉氨基酸比例接近世卫组织推荐的理想模式,富含人体所需的矿物质元素和维生素,具有广阔的开发利用前景。  相似文献   

19.
应用光镜和透射电镜技术,观察了3~6月龄比格犬甲状腺的显微和超微结构。结果表明,比格犬甲状腺实质由滤泡和滤泡旁细胞构成。滤泡呈圆形或椭圆形,直径20.22~220.00μm,平均90.80μm;由单层立方上皮细胞围成,细胞高度3.04~7.11μm,平均5.18μm,电镜下可见功能状态不同的两型滤泡上皮细胞;滤泡旁细胞很多,直径4.40~8.82μm,平均6.23μm,位于滤泡之间或镶嵌于滤泡上皮细胞之间,也可聚集在一起形成滤泡样结构,胞质内含有大量的分泌颗粒,电镜下也可见两种类型的滤泡旁细胞。  相似文献   

20.
A retrospective review of records of 205 cats with histologically confirmed disease of the spinal cord was performed to identify the prevalence of disease in this nonrandomly selected population of cats. Clinical records were reviewed, and age, duration of neurologic illness, and clinical and histopathologic findings in cats with spinal cord disease were abstracted. Disease processes were classified into 7 categories and 23 groups. The most common diseases affecting the spinal cord of cats were feline infectious peritonitis (FIP), lymphosarcoma (LSA), and neoplasia of the vertebral column secondarily affecting the spinal cord. Information on age, onset and duration of clinical signs, and lesion localization at the postmortem examination in cats belonging to the 7 categories of disease were analyzed to create a practical list of differential diagnoses. Cats were also subcategorized into 3 groups based on their age at death. FIP was the most common disease of cats younger than 2 years of age. LSA and vertebral column neoplasia were the most common diseases affecting cats between 2 and 8 years of age. Vertebral column neoplasia was the most common disease affecting cats older than 8 years of age. Results of this histopathologic study showed that FIP and LSA were the most common disease processes affecting the spinal cord of cats. However, at least 21 other groups of diseases and their relative prevalence were identified.  相似文献   

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