鲁梅克斯K—1杂交酸模栽培技术

鲁梅克斯K－1杂交酸模是1972年新疆民大教育实业发展公司从苏联引进的多年生草本植物。据江西红壤研究所报道，鲁梅克斯K－l杂交酸模鲜革产量每亩最高可达4－st。现蕾期蛋白质含量可达28％－29％，其中可消化蛋白为73％－75％。富含维生素C、胡萝卜素和大量有益的矿物质元素。1997年11月经全国牧草品种审定委员会审定，注册为国家引进品种，是目前我国单位面积粗蛋产量最高的牧草品种之一。l选地鲁梅克斯K－l杂交酸模因其产草量高，相应对水肥要求也较高。欲获高产应选上层深厚、有机质含量高的沙填土为好。酸性过强地下水位过高、土层大…     

鲁梅克斯K—1高营养饲草栽培技术

鲁梅克斯Ｋ－１杂交酸模是以天山酸模为父本，巴天酸模为母本进行远缘杂交而育成的优良饲草新品种，属蓼酸模类多年生草本植物。鲁梅克斯Ｋ－１饲草，适口性好，叶蔟期粗蛋白质含量为３４％～３５％（干品），现蕾期为２８％～２９％，其中可消化蛋白质７１％～７４％，并含有１８种氨基酸和多种维生素、微量元素等营养物质，成为牧草之冠。种６６７ｍ２（１亩）鲁梅克斯Ｋ－１，在水肥良好条件下，年产鲜草１～１．５万ｋｇ，补喂适量精料，以鲜草可养奶牛３头，每天每头喂量１５～２０ｋｇ，产奶量可提高１０％；养肉羊５５～６７只（育肥…     

“鲁梅克斯”面面观

鲁梅克斯K—1杂交酸模在湖南推广已达3年。实践出真知,客观公正、实事求是地评价,正确地推广种植和使用,将有益于饲草业和畜牧业。一、鲁梅克斯K—1杂交酸模的优点鲁梅克斯K—1杂交酸模有从乌克兰引种的,也有是新疆农业大学等单位以天山酸模为父本,巴天酸模为母本杂交选育而成的。鲁梅克斯K—1生长期可达25年,高产期可达15年,鲜草产量高,在水肥条件较好的情况下,亩产可达10～15吨,折合干草1.0～1.5吨,春插出苗后两个月可以收割第一茬,头年可以收割3     

苏南丘陵地区鲁梅克斯K-1引种与推广利用

鲁梅克斯K－1是巴天酸模为母本，天山酸模为父本杂交而成。该品种为蓼科酸模属多年生草本植物。据资料介绍，其破碎后柔软多汁，猪、牛、羊、鹅等多种畜禽都喜食，且籽食可作粮食，嫩叶可作人类高营养蔬菜。鲁梅克斯寿命长，可达25年之久。一般高产期为10～15年。年产量鲜草可达150～225吨公顷，且蛋白质含量高达28％～34％。我所从丘陵农业结构调整和发展牧草产业的需要出发，在引种多种优质牧草的基础上，于1999年春进行鲁梅克斯K－1引种试验，现介绍如下：一、播种与出苗1999年5月9日播种，播种量为100克亩。具体操作为：整地，40cm宽幅…     

鲁梅克斯K-1杂交酸模在养畜上的应用

鲁梅克斯K - 1杂交酸模是一种新型高蛋白质植物 ,干物质蛋白质含量高达 2 8～ 34 % ,并富含其它多种有益营养成分。该作物单独青贮时粗蛋白质含量是小麦秸秆、玉米秸秆、带果穗玉米单独青贮的 2 1～ 4 7倍 ,与小麦秸秆、玉米秸秆混合青贮后可使这两种作物秸秆粗蛋白质含量分别提高 82 %、39%。添加鲁梅克斯K - 1杂交酸模 (鲜体 )喂肉猪比单独用全价料可节省饲料费用 46 0 2元 /头。每天用48kg～ 5 0Kg鲁梅克斯K - 1杂交酸模代替 40 %的带果穗青贮玉米喂奶牛可提高牛奶的乳脂率 ,可多产乳脂率为 4%的标准奶 70 41Kg。鲁梅克斯K - 1杂交酸模叶片与麦秸混合青贮比未青贮的麦秸使羊提高 11%的采食量     

鲁梅克斯K—1杂交酸模耐盐性的初步研究

对鲁梅克斯Ｋ－１杂交酸模干种子，种子萌发，苗期及成株的耐盐性进行了研究，通过测定在不同Ｎａ２ＳＯ４和Ｎａ２ＣＯ３盐浓度胁迫下其膜透性，发芽率，根冠比，游离脯氨酸，丙二醛诸生理指标，对其耐盐性作出综合评判。研究结果表明，鲁梅克斯Ｋ－１杂交酸模对Ｎａ２ＳＯ４的耐盐性为０．８％￣１．０％，对Ｎａ２ＣＯ３为０．２％￣０．３％，高于此浓度表现为Ｎａ２ＳＯ４、Ｎａ２ＣＯ３盐胁迫的症状。     

贵德县引种鲁梅克斯K—1杂交酸模初报

鲁梅克斯K—1杂交酸模是目前产草量和蛋白质含量最高的饲草品种之一,对各类家畜均有很好的适口性。贵德县1998年引种鲁梅克斯K—1杂交酸模,生长50天,平均自然高度达到38．30±2．41cm;叶片平均长度为40．33±2．50cm;平均宽度12．00±3．27cm;主根系长度15～30cm;折合每公顷鲜草产量2．18万kg。     

鲁梅克斯草粉对断奶獭兔饲喂效果的研究

鲁梅克斯 K－ 1，学名巴天酸模，又称高秆菠菜、英国菠菜等，为蓼科荞麦属多年生草本植物，由天山酸模与美国菠菜杂交选育而成。与其他牧草相比，鲁梅克斯具有产量高、蛋白质含量高等优点，作为猪、牛的青饲料，其应用效果已有报道。但由于其鲜草含水量极高 (达 90％以上 )，适口性一般，故在兔饲料中的应用未见报道。本试验旨在探讨不同水平的鲁梅克斯草粉对断奶獭兔饲喂效果的影响，为开辟兔的新型饲料来源提供可行性依据。 1材料和方法 1.1鲁梅克斯草粉 由北京中食集团提供，单价为 1 000元 /吨，实测粗蛋白含量为 17.8％，粗纤维含量为…     

鲁梅克斯K—1杂交酸模生长特性及应用

鲁梅克斯K－1杂交酸模（Rumex.PatientiaxR.Tianschan-icus,CU.Rumex K-1，以下简称鲁梅克斯），是以天山酸模（Rumex tianschanicus）为父本，巴天酸模（R.patientia）为母本，进行杂交培育而成的饲料作物新品种。1995年从前苏联乌克兰引入我国新疆，全国特草品种审定委员会于1997年审定通过了该作物的注册登记，我市于1998年引直试种，该品种具有寿命长、生长快、抗旱、耐寒、多年生、易栽培管理、适应性强、产量高等优点，猪、牛、羊、兔、鱼产喜欢吃，还可作为人的蔬菜、食用酒、饮料等，用途较广。     

植物新品种—鲁梅克斯K-1杂交酸模

叙述了植物新品种—鲁梅克斯K - 1杂交酸模特征、特性、营养价值及栽培技术     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

A brief history of the prevention of infectious diseases by immunisations

Infectious diseases have always been a terrible scourge for humans. The appearance of these plagues, as they were called without distinction, was generally connected to various conditions: asters, climatic changes or religious reasons. The concept of contagious, and then infectious, diseases came slowly. Variolation, i.e. transmission of ‘virulent’ matter to induce a natural disease and the immunity against it, was brought from Constantinople to England by Lady Montague, in 1721. This ‘variolation’ technique was also often performed in veterinary medicine against diseases like sheep-pox or pleuropneumonia. As ‘vaccination’ is the term generally accepted for ‘immunisation’, variolation can be the word designating such a technique. The second period of the history of immunisation began, in 1880, with the studies of Pasteur and his collaborators. A great number of bacterial vaccines were developed: dead, live but attenuated or only parts of pathogens. The viruses were produced in animals, then in eggs and at last, in tissue cultures. Second generation vaccines appeared with genetic engineering: recombinant vaccines, vector vaccines, nucleic acids vaccines, and markers vaccines, among others. These novel technologies can permit the development of new ones and improve the quality of the vaccines already existing.     

Micronutrient Content of Certain Tropical Conventional and Unconventional Feed Resources of Southern India

The ash, silica and certain important micronutrients were estimated in conventional and unconventional feed and fodder resources available in Southern India. Commonly used dry roughages, such as paddy straw, ragi straw, maize kadbi/stalk, jowar kadbi/stalk, bajra stalk and wheat straw, were high in ash (9.9% +/- 0.77%) and silica (6.4% +/- 0.65%) and low in most of the other micronutrients, except iron, with paddy straw containing most silica (>9%). Cultivated non-leguminous (maize, jowar) and improved green crops (hybrid napier, guinea, green panic, NB-21, CO-1) were also high in ash (10.5% +/- 0.60% and 12.5% +/- 0.51%) but were moderate sources of P, Mg and Cu and good sources of Zn (98 +/- 13.8 ppm and 55 +/- 6.7 ppm). Leguminous green fodders (stylosanthus, lucerne, cow pea, soyabean) were excellent sources of Ca (1.9% +/- 0.16%), Mg (0.40% +/- 0.05%), Cu (30 +/- 5.2 ppm), Zn (121 +/- 14.7 ppm) and Fe (1234 +/- 166 ppm) and moderate sources of P. Mixed local grasses and weeds were high in silica (6.9% +/- 1.00%) but were good sources of Cu, Zn and Fe. Cereal grains (maize, wheat, rice, ragi) were low in ash (2.9% +/- 0.33%) and were relatively poor sources of Ca (0.22% +/- 0.03%), Mg (0.19% +/- 0.03%) and Cu (13 +/- 3.1 ppm). Pulses were low to medium sources of most minerals and good sources of Fe (1230 +/- 293 ppm). Oil seed cake/extractions (groundnut cake, cotton seed cake, soyabean meal, sunflower cake, safflower cake) and cereal by-products (rice polish, rice bran, wheat bran) were excellent sources of P (1.1% +/- 0.47% and 2.3% +/- 0.19%) and good sources of Zn (65 +/- 3.9 ppm and 66 +/- 10.7 ppm) and Fe (938 +/- 130 ppm and 662 +/- 126 ppm). Among the unconventional feeds screened, orange peel, sunflower heads, meat meal, rubber seed cake, spirulina algae and sea weeds contained plentiful Ca, Zn and Fe: tree leaves/top feeds (mulberry, erythrina, glyricidia, banana, subabul, groundnut haulms) were excellent sources of Ca (1.5% +/- 0.13%), Zn (120 +/- 22.9 ppm) and Fe (1033 +/- 133 ppm) but relatively poor sources of P. Soyabean husk, cocoa seed husk, rubber seed cake and meat meal were moderate to good sources of P (1.0% and 0.33%). The high Zn and Fe values of most feeds/fodders were probably due to soil contamination. This account of the micronutrient content of feed/fodder resources should help in strategic supplementation intended to alleviate local deficiencies.     

Feline intracranial neoplasia: retrospective review of 160 cases (1985-2001)

The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma.     

Bovine Mastitis in Selected Areas of Southern Ethiopia

A study on bovine mastitis, designed to determine the causal agents, prevalence of infection and impact of risk factors in three cattle breeds, was conducted in selected areas of southern Ethiopia. A total of 307 lactating and non-lactating cows, of which 162 were indigenous Zebu, 85 Jersey and 60 Holstein-Friesian, were examined by clinical examination and the California mastitis (CMT) test. Of these, 40.4% were positive by CMT and bacteriology for clinical or subclinical mastitis, with prevalence rates of 37.1% and 62.9%, respectively. Out of 1133 quarters examined, 212 (18.7%) were found to be infected, 83 (39.2%) clinically and 129 (60.8%) subclinically. The prevalence of mastitis was significantly higher in Holstein-Friesian than in indigenous Zebu, in non-lactating cows than in lactating cows, in the early lactation stage than in the mid-lactation stage, in cows with lesions and/or tick infestation on skin of udder and/or teats than in cows without this factor, and in the wet season than in the dry season. Mastitis increased with parity number (R = 0.9). Of 248 CMT and clinically positive udder quarter samples analysed microbiologically, 212 were culturally positive for known mastitis pathogens and 36 were negative. Of the 199 positive samples, Staphylococcus accounted for 39.2%, Streptococcus for 23.6%, coliforms for 14.1%, Micrococcus and Bacillus species for 8.0% each and Actinomyces or Arcanobacterium (Corynebacterium) for 7.0%. It was concluded that there was a high prevalence of clinical and subclinical mastitis, mainly caused by Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae and Escherichia coli, in this study area.     

不同日粮氮水平对山羊氮代谢和微生物蛋白质合成的影响

本试验旨在探讨不同日粮氮水平对内蒙古白绒山羊氮代谢和微生物蛋白质合成(MCP)的影响,以达到提高氮利用率,减少环境污染和饲料资源的浪费。试验选用9只体况良好、体重为(43.83±2.95)kg,装有瘤胃瘘管的内蒙古白绒山羊,按体重随机分为3组,每组3只。日粮分为低氮7.5%、中氮10.5%、高氮13.5%3个氮水平。试验使用常规试验方法分析测定粪尿血液等生化指标,通过全收尿法和尿嘌呤衍生物法估测MCP。结果表明:随着氮水平增加,氨氮(NH3-N)浓度、氮摄入量、尿氮排出、尿中尿素氮(UUN)和MCP显著增加(P0.05),干物质采食量(DMI)显著降低(P0.01);沉积氮占总摄入氮的比例在中氮组最高,MCP在高氮组最高。综上所述,适当降低日粮氮水平可减少粪尿氮排放,提高反刍动物氮利用率。     

Microsporidial keratopathy in two dogs

A microsporidial keratopathy is described in two dogs. Both dogs presented with a unilateral stromal keratopathy characterized by multifocal coalescing opacities, and the diagnosis was made on histopathologic examination of keratectomy specimens. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) on formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded corneal tissue was performed in one dog, and the morphologic features were consistent with Nosema species infection. Both dogs were initially diagnosed and treated by superficial keratectomy. One dog received additional antifungal medication and underwent a penetrating keratoplasty following local recurrence two years later. No other systemic lesions attributable to the microsporidial infection were identified clinically. The clinical and diagnostic pathology findings, treatment, and follow‐up are discussed.