禽流感与新城疫二联RT—PCR诊断方法的建立及其应用

根据禽流感病毒(AIV)、新城疫病毒(NDV)基因组序列高度保守区，设计合成了2对引物，以AIV、NDV培养物提取RNA并反转录，进行RT-PCR特异性片段扩增，扩增的片段大小分别为470和320bp。结果，扩增产物与设计的2对引物之间的序列大小一致。通过特异性与敏感性试验，AIV、NDV培养物均可扩增至10^-4，表明本方法对2种病毒具有快速、特异和高度敏感的特点。     

多重RT-PCR检测猪口蹄疫病毒、猪水泡病病毒和猪水疱性口炎病毒的研究

建立了一种同时检测猪口蹄疫病毒(FMDV)、猪水泡病病毒(SVDV)和猪水疱性口炎病毒(VSV)三种病原体的多重RT-PCR方法。参照文献报道的基因序列,设计合成了三对特异性引物;PCR扩增条件进行优化后,用这三对引物对同一样品中的FMDV、SVDV、VSVRNA模板进行扩增,结果同时得到了三条特异性条带,大小与试验设计相符:FMDV(208bp)、SVDV(862bp)、VSV(638bp),且对猪瘟病毒(CSFV)、猪繁殖与呼吸综合症病毒(PRRSV)和猪传染性胃肠炎病毒(TGEV)核酸扩增结果为阴性;三种病毒RNA模板检出的最小量均为10fg。试验证明,此方法经济、快速、敏感、特异,可用于FMDV、SVDV和VSV这三种猪水泡性疾病的鉴别诊断及流行病学调查。     

检测CSFV、JEV、PRRSV三种RNA病毒多重RT-PCR方法的建立

猪瘟病毒(CSFV)、流行性乙型脑炎病毒(JEV)和猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)是引起严重的种猪繁殖障碍的病原,而且经常混合感染,及时准确诊断是防治的前提。根据GenBank发表序列选取3对引物建立检测CSFV、JEV和PRRSV病毒的多重RT-PCR方法,扩增产物分别为508 bp、380 bp、263 bp。经与IDEXX商品化的检测CSW抗原试剂盒比较,二者的符合率为96.7%;扩增JEV和PRRSV PCR产物分别经EcoR V和Sau3A I酶切得到预期的片段。建立的多重RT-PCR检测JEV、PRRSV和CSFV敏感度分别为12.5个TCID_(50)、10个TCID_(50)和10~(-3)ng总RNA。结果表明该多重RT-PCR方法具有很好的特异性和敏感性,可用于临床三种病毒核酸的检测。     

应用套式PCR检测和区分猪传染性胃肠炎病毒和猪呼吸道冠状病毒的试验

根据猪传染性胃肠炎病毒和猪呼吸道冠状病毒的S基因核苷酸序列，设计合成了2对引物，以猪传染性胃肠炎病毒和猪呼吸道冠状病毒细胞培养物为模板，进行PCR特异性片段扩增，猪传染性胃肠炎病毒扩增片段大小为886bp，猪呼吸道冠状病毒扩增片段大小为214bp。建立的套式PCR经过特异性、敏感性试验及对临床送检样品检测，证明本法具有快速、特异和高度敏感的特点。     

牛病毒性腹泻病毒基因分型二重RT-PCR检测方法的建立

为了同步检测牛病毒性腹泻病毒(BVDV)基因1型和基因2型并能够加以区分,根据Gen Bank中已发表的BVDV基因1型和基因2型、牛蓝舌病病毒(BTV)、口蹄疫病毒(FMDV)、猪瘟病毒(CSFV)、牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒(IBRV)的全基因序列,采用Primer Premier 5.0软件,针对BVDV的高度保守的5'端非编码区的核苷酸序列,设计了两对特异性引物,二重RT-PCR方法扩增目的片段的大小分别为222 bp和119 bp,经过对反应体系和条件的优化,本研究建立了在同一反应体系中鉴别检测BVDV基因1型和2型的RT-PCR方法,扩增出了与预期大小相符的目的片段。该方法便捷,特异性高,敏感性强,重复性好,可作为BVDV分型鉴定和快速诊断的有效方法。     

猪瘟病毒和不同型猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒的多重RT-PCR检测方法的建立

为建立能同时检测猪瘟病毒(CSFV)和猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)的方法,针对CSFV和PRRSV的基因序列设计3对特异性引物,第1对引物扩增CSFV毒株NS2基因508bp片段,第2对引物扩增PRRSV美洲型经典毒株和变异毒株Nsp2基因338bp/248bp片段,第3对引物扩增PRRSV欧洲型毒株ORF5基因614bp片段。经过反应条件的优化,建立了能同时检测并区分CSFV毒株和PRRSV美洲型经典毒株、变异毒株及欧洲型毒株的多重RT-PCR方法。该方法可以特异扩增CSFV和PRRSV,而与猪口蹄疫病毒(FMDV)、猪伪狂犬病病毒(PRV)、猪细小病毒(PPV)、猪圆环病毒2型(PCV-2)均无交叉反应;对CSFV和PRRSV 4种重组质粒标准品的检出下限均为1.67×103拷贝/μL。对采集的106份临床疑似病料进行检测,结果CSFV和PRRSV变异株混合阳性4份,占3.77%(4/106);CSFV阳性7份,占6.60%(7/106);PRRSV变异株阳性17份,占16.04%(17/106)。结果表明,建立的多重RT-PCR检测方法可以用于CSFV和PRRSV的临床快速鉴别诊断和流行病学调查。     

CSFV强弱毒株双重RT-PCR方法的建立与应用

为了建立一种能在临床上快速鉴别猪瘟病毒(Classical swine fever virus,CSFV)野毒和弱毒疫苗毒的检测方法,试验在对多株CSFV基因组序列比对分析后,选择特异保守区域设计2对引物构建CSFV强弱毒株双重RT-PCR方法,优化其退火温度,并检测该方法的特异性、敏感性及临床应用效果。结果表明:试验建立的双重RT-PCR方法能从CSFV弱毒疫苗毒和临床野毒株基因组中扩增出大小分别为447 bp和343 bp的特异性基因片段;最佳退火温度为55℃;应用该方法分别对繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)弱毒疫苗毒、猪口蹄疫病毒(FMDV)灭活疫苗毒、猪乙型脑炎病毒(JEV)弱毒疫苗毒总RNA和猪伪狂犬病毒(PRV)灭活疫苗毒、猪细小病毒(PPV)灭活疫苗毒、猪圆环病毒(PCV)灭活疫苗毒的总DNA进行检测,均未见特异性条带,特异性好;对CSFV疫苗弱毒的最低RNA检出量为6.28 ng,敏感性高;对临床混合感染病料进行检测,能同时或单独检测到CSFV强毒和CSFV弱毒疫苗毒核酸。说明试验建立的双重RT-PCR方法特异性好,敏感性高,可用于CSFV强弱毒株的检测。     

猪瘟病毒RT-PCR检测方法的研究

为建立一种能够快速、确切诊断猪瘟（CSF）的方法,根据GenBank上已发表的猪瘟病毒（CSFV）核酸序列设计并合成了一对能特异性扩增CSFV基因片段的引物,经过条件优化后,建立了检测CSFV的RT-PCR方法,扩增病毒核酸片段长508bp。试验证明,该方法具有良好的特异性、敏感性、重复性和稳定性,简便、快速、高效,为CSFV的快速准确诊断及进一步的CSF流行病学研究提供了重要的技术手段。     

用RT-PCR技术检测盐渍猪肠衣中猪瘟病毒的研究

参考GenBank中发表的猪瘟病毒（CSFV）序列，设计一对CSFV特异性PCR引物；从CSFV感染猪盐渍小肠中提取总RNA，经逆转录后进行PCR扩增，在盐渍小肠中成功扩增出与预期大小（168bp）一致的特异性条带，而正常猪和感染猪伪狂犬病病毒的猪小肠扩增结果均为阴性。用本方法对20例不同稀释浓度的盐渍猪肠衣样本进行检测，结果显示比经典抗原检测方法（抗原捕获ELISA法）具有更高的敏感性。实验表明，本RT—PCR技术能应用于盐渍猪肠衣的CSFV检测，为快速、准确检测盐渍猪肠衣中CSFV提供了一条新途径。     

Response of cattle persistently infected with bovine virus diarrhoea virus to bovine leukosis virus

Six cattle persistently infected with bovine virus diarrhoea virus (BVDV) and seronegative, and two control, virus negative seropositive cattle were inoculated with lymphocytes infected with bovine leukosis virus (BLV). The two controls produced a normal immune response to BLV, developing antibodies at four and five weeks after inoculation. Two of the six cattle persistently infected with BVDV developed a strong antibody response by six weeks after inoculation with BLV. Four developed a depressed response to BLV, characterised in three by a 'hooking' reaction in the immunodiffusion test which persisted in successive bleedings but was interspersed occasionally by a weak positive reaction. In one of these animals, a series of 'hooking' reactions was followed by a number of negative results. The fourth animal remained serologically negative until 16 weeks after inoculation when a 'hooking' reaction was observed followed by a series of negative results. BLV was isolated from all the cattle persistently infected with BVDV at 42 or 58 weeks after inoculation regardless of whether the serum samples gave negative, 'hooking', weak positive or positive reactions in the immunodiffusion test. BLV was consistently isolated from the nasal secretions of a steer which was BVDV negative but seropositive. The possibility of decreased immune responsiveness to BLV in animals persistently infected with BVDV should be considered when formulating regulations governing the testing of animals for freedom from BLV.     

Feline leukemia virus and feline immunodeficiency virus.

Ophthalmic manifestations of FeLV or FIV infection can occur in all ocular tissues and may be manifestations of direct viral effects or secondary to viral-related malignant transformation. Additionally, the manifestations of common feline ophthalmic pathogens may be more severe and poorly responsive to therapy because of the immunosuppressive effects of FeLV or FIV infection. Prompt diagnosis of underlying viral infection in cats with ophthalmic disease is paramount for accurate diagnosis and prognosis and is required for appropriate therapeutic decision making.     

Evaluating the protective efficacy of a trivalent vaccine containing Akabane virus,Aino virus and Chuzan virus against Schmallenberg virus infection

Schmallenberg virus (SBV), an arthropod borne pathogen, spread rapidly throughout the majority of Europe since 2011. It can cause a febrile disease, milk drop, diarrhea, and fetal malformation in ruminants. SBV, a member of the Simbu serogroup within the genus Orthobunyavirus, is closely related to Akabane virus (AKAV) and Aino virus (AINOV) among others. In the present study, 4 Holstein-Friesian calves were immunized twice four weeks apart with a multivalent, inactivated vaccine against AKAV and AINOV. Another 4 calves were kept as unvaccinated controls. All animals were clinically, serologically and virologically examined before and after challenge infection with SBV. AKAV- and AINOV-specific neutralizing antibodies were detected one week before challenge infection, while SBV-specific antibodies were detectable only thereafter. SBV genome was detected in all vaccinated animals and 3 out of 4 controls in serum samples taken after challenge infection. In conclusion, the investigated vaccine was not able to prevent an SBV-infection. Thus, vaccines for other related Simbu serogroup viruses can not substitute SBV-specific vaccines as an instrument for disease control.     

Detection of bovine virus diarrhea virus in a live bovine herpes virus 1 marker vaccine

In February 1999, 12 Dutch herds were vaccinated with a live bovine herpesvirus 1 vaccine from which bovine virus diarrhea virus (BVDV) could be isolated. All vaccine batches that were on the Dutch market and that had not yet reached the expiry date were tested for BVDV. In total, seven of 82 batches tested were found positive. Batch numbers TX3607, VB3914, VB3915, VB4046, TW3391, and TV3294 were positive for BVDV type 1, and batch number WG4622 was positive for BVDV type 2. This latter batch induced clinical signs of BVDV in an animal experiment with susceptible animals.     

Persistent bovine virus diarrhoea virus infection in a bull

Investigation of a sight defect in a pedigree bull, born as a result of artificial insemination and ovum transplantation, led to the finding that the animal was persistently infected with bovine virus diarrhoea virus. Virus was cultured from blood and from nasal and ocular swabs and was present in semen in high titre. At necropsy, virus was cultured from a wide range of tissues. The pathological findings are described and discussed as are the potential hazards of such infections.