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1.
为研究葡萄糖氧化酶(glucose oxidase,GOD)对泌乳母兔生产性能及其产后体况恢复的影响,试验选择同期分娩泌乳母兔60只,随机分成5组,每组12只,调整所哺喂的仔兔数,每窝7只,每组仔兔总数相等(84只)。I组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮,II、III、IV、V组为试验组,分别饲喂基础日粮加0.1%、0.2%、0.3%、0.4%的GOD。预饲5 d,试验期30 d,结果表明:各试验组母兔泌乳力均高于对照组,其中0.4%添加组与对照组差异接近显著水平(P=0.078);试验组窝平均断乳仔兔只数、仔兔断乳成活率、母兔和同窝仔兔的平均日采食量均高于对照组(P0.05);试验组仔兔初生、21日龄、28日龄时窝重、断乳窝重均高于对照组(P0.05);0.4%添加组的母兔泌乳期失重显著低于对照组(P0.05),综上所述,日粮中添加葡萄糖氧化酶能够提高母兔泌乳性能,利于母兔体况恢复和断乳前仔兔发育,尤以0.4%添加组母兔泌乳力、仔兔增重、断乳成活率最高,母兔泌乳性能最优。  相似文献   

2.
试验旨在研究日粮中添加不同水平饲用苎麻粉对母兔繁殖性能的影响。选择第3胎的空怀新西兰母兔480只,随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复20只。对照组日粮不含苎麻粉,试验组分别饲喂含8%、16%和24%饲用苎麻粉的日粮。试验期从空怀母兔配种前3周开始直至仔兔断奶结束。结果表明:日粮添加苎麻粉对母兔空怀和妊娠期采食量影响不显著,24%苎麻粉组泌乳期母兔采食量低于其他组(P<0.05);日粮添加苎麻粉对母兔发情率、配怀率、死胎率、产仔数、初生窝重等发情和产仔性能无显著影响,但试验组随着苎麻粉添加水平增加,母兔发情率和产活仔数呈下降趋势(P>0.05);日粮添加苎麻粉对21 d窝重、断奶个体重和断奶窝重有显著影响,其中24%苎麻粉组低于其他组(P<0.05);随着添加水平增加,母兔的泌乳能力下降(P<0.05),其中24%苎麻粉组低于对照组和8%组(P<0.05),对照组、8%和16%苎麻粉组差异不显著。本试验条件下,母兔日粮中饲用苎麻粉的添加量不宜超过16%。  相似文献   

3.
试验旨在研究日粮中添加不同水平的桑枝茎叶粉对母兔繁殖性能的影响。选择第3胎空怀新西兰母兔400只,随机分为4组,每组5个重复,每个重复20只。各组分别饲喂桑枝茎叶粉添加量为0(对照组)、8%、16%、24%的日粮。预试期10 d,试验期从母兔配种前15 d至仔兔断奶结束。结果表明:日粮中添加桑枝茎叶粉对母兔空怀期采食量无显著影响,24%桑枝茎叶粉组母兔妊娠期和泌乳期采食量均低于对照组和8%桑枝茎叶粉组(P<0.05);桑枝茎叶粉对母兔发情率、受胎率、死胎率、仔兔初生窝重、21 d窝重、断奶窝重和断奶仔兔数等繁殖泌乳指标无显著影响,但随着添加水平的增加,母兔繁殖和泌乳性能逐渐降;24%桑枝茎叶粉组母兔产活仔数低于对照组和8%桑枝茎叶粉组(P<0.05),16%桑枝茎叶粉组和24%桑枝茎叶粉组间无显著差异。本试验条件下,母兔日粮中桑枝茎叶粉的添加量不宜超过16%。  相似文献   

4.
选取前2胎产仔数相近、体况一致的新西兰白兔妊娠母兔48只,随机分成3组,探讨木瓜粉对母兔繁殖性能、泌乳量及血清激素等指标的影响。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组分别在基础日粮中添加5%、10%木瓜粉。妊娠18天时试验开始至仔兔30日龄断奶时结束,为期42天。结果显示:与对照组相比.试验组仔兔初生窝重、21天窝重、断奶窝重显著提高(P〈0.05),产仔数、活仔数、断奶数等差异不显著(P〉0.05).两试验组间差异不显著(P〉0.05);木瓜粉显著提高母兔7、14、21天的泌乳量(P〈0.05),提高21天血清E2、PRL水平(P〈0.05)。结果表明添加木瓜粉可提高母兔的繁殖性能和泌乳性能。  相似文献   

5.
为研究大豆卵磷脂对妊娠母猪繁殖性能的影响,选取妊娠时间相近的长大二元杂种母猪,随机分成4组,每组4个重复,每个重复约30头母猪。试验时间从妊娠第100天开始至产后7 d结束,对照组只饲喂基础饲粮,3个试验组每天2次在基础饲粮中分别添加大豆卵磷脂、嘉两头和其它同类产品,添加量为50 g/d。分别记录母猪采食量、窝产仔数、窝产活仔数、窝产合格仔数、产程、仔猪初生重、脐带直径、胎盘面积和厚度等指标。结果发现:1)嘉两头组和大豆卵磷脂组的产前2周平均日采食量高于对照组,分别提高5.08%和2.82%。2)产仔方面,嘉两头组和大豆卵磷脂组的窝产活仔数[分别为(10.70±0.23)和(10.71±0.22)头]和窝产合格仔数[分别为(10.36±0.23)和(10.32±0.22)头]均显著高于对照组[(分别为(10.00±0.26)和(9.56±0.26)头],而同类产品组窝产活仔数与对照组差异不显著(P0.05)。初生个体重,3个试验组与对照组相比均有提高的趋势,但差异均不显著(P0.05)。3)嘉两头组和大豆卵磷脂组均对母猪产程具有缩短的趋势。嘉两头组、大豆卵磷脂组、同类产品组和对照组难产率分别为1.74%、3.74%、8.11%、9.38%。4)与对照组相比,嘉两头组有提高脐带直径、胎盘表面积、胎盘厚度和胎盘总重的趋势。因此,在妊娠母猪饲粮中添加嘉两头具有改善母猪生产性能的作用。  相似文献   

6.
试验旨在研究饲粮中添加人参多糖(ginseng polysaccharide, GPS)对哺乳母兔生产性能及哺乳仔兔免疫性能的影响。选取36只妊娠10 d左右、遗传背景相近的种母兔随机分为3个处理,每个处理12只母兔。预试期7 d后,3个处理组分别饲喂添加0(对照组)、150 mg/kg(T150组)、300 mg/kg(T300组)GPS的饲粮,正试期34 d。结果表明:(1)T150和T300两个处理组种母兔初乳中Ig A含量较对照组显著提高(P0.05)。(2)T150和T300两个处理组仔兔出生第0 d血清白细胞介素-2(IL-2)含量显著高于对照组(P0.05),T300处理组仔兔出生第7 d血清IL-2含量较对照组显著升高(P0.05)。(3)T150和T300两个处理组仔兔出生第0、7、14 d平均重量和成活数较对照组显著增加(P0.05)。饲粮中添加GPS可提高泌乳母兔的生产性能和哺乳仔兔的免疫性能。  相似文献   

7.
为了了解产仔数对母兔泌乳力及仔兔生发长发育的影响,掌握九疑山兔的泌乳特性及仔兔生长发育规律,本试验选用产仔数分别为5、6、7、8、9只的九疑山母兔各10窝,并分编5组进行试验。试验结果表明,随着产仔数的增加,母兔的泌乳量上升,而每只仔兔的吸吮量则下降,仔兔的个体日增重和育成率下降;仔兔28日龄的断奶窝重和母乳的增重效应,都以窝产仔数7只最高。因此,九疑山兔的窝产仔数以7只为最好。  相似文献   

8.
《畜牧与兽医》2015,(7):44-46
选择年龄相近的经产健康妊娠母獭兔120只,随机分为2组,使用平口式和暗箱式产箱进行接产试验,通过母兔的产前拉毛、箱内外产仔和产后哺乳情况判断产箱环境对母兔母性行为的影响,通过仔兔断奶前死亡率、断奶窝重、断奶个体重及断奶窝仔数,判断产箱类型对仔兔健康及生长的影响。结果表明:使用暗箱式产仔的母兔,在产前拉毛、箱内产仔和产后哺乳性能方面均优于平口式产箱的母兔。仔兔的初生窝重、初生个体重和产仔数不受产箱类型的影响(P0.05),但断奶时窝重、个体重和成活率,暗箱式均优于平口式(P0.05)。  相似文献   

9.
谷糠含有丰富的纤维素和半纤维素,可作为猪饲粮的粗纤维来源。通过饲喂"大×长"二元母猪消化能和粗蛋白基本相同而谷糠添加量不同的饲粮,研究谷糠对妊娠母猪繁殖性能的影响,其中谷糠添加量分别为0%、9%、17%和24.5%,对应为对照组、试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组。结果显示,试验Ⅱ组效果最佳,与对照组相比,产仔数提高1.38头(P<0.05),产活仔数提高1.75头(P<0.05),断奶仔猪数提高1.37头(P<0.05),初生窝重提高1.58 kg(P<0.05),断奶窝重提高9.23 kg(P<0.05)。表明,在妊娠母猪日粮中添加谷糠可以保持母猪理想体况,增加母猪窝产仔猪数、产活仔数和断奶仔猪头数,谷糠添加量为17%时效果最佳。  相似文献   

10.
为探讨胎次对母兔产仔性能的影响,研究利用2010~2013年度665只齐卡新西兰母兔前3胎共计1 649窝次的生产性能记录,对不同胎次的产仔性能进行了比较和相关分析。结果表明:胎次极显著地影响母兔的产仔数、产活仔数、初生窝重以及初生个体重(P<0.01);随着胎次的增加,产仔性能逐步上升。进一步的相关分析结果显示,各胎次的产仔性状与前3胎平均值均呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),第3胎的产仔数、产活仔数、死胎数以及初生窝重的相关系数最高;第2胎的产仔数、产活仔数和初生个体重与第3胎呈极显著(P<0.01)或显著(P<0.05)正相关,而第2、3胎间的产仔数和产活仔数差异不显著(P>0.05),表明齐卡新西兰母兔第2胎的产仔性能可以作为总体繁殖性能的评价指标。  相似文献   

11.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

12.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。  相似文献   

13.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.  相似文献   

14.
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.  相似文献   

15.
The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma.  相似文献   

16.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

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The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.  相似文献   

20.
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.  相似文献   

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