羔羊小肠不同部位pH值及消化酶变化规律的研究

对小尾寒羊羔羊小肠不同部位(十二指肠、空肠和回肠)的pH值及淀粉酶、胰蛋白酶和乳糖酶的活性进行了测定,结果表明,羔羊小肠不同部位内容物pH值不同,回肠pH值显著高于空肠,空肠和回肠pH值显著高于十二指肠;羔羊小肠不同部位淀粉酶和胰蛋白酶活性不同,空肠段淀粉酶和胰蛋白酶活性高于十二指肠和回肠段,随着羔羊日龄的增长,小肠淀粉酶和胰蛋白酶活性增加;羔羊小肠不同部位乳糖酶活性不同,空肠乳糖酶活性最高,十二指肠次之,回肠最低,随着羔羊日龄的增长,小肠乳糖酶活性逐渐降低.     

0～6月龄犊牛小肠pH值及主要消化酶活性的研究

试验对0～6月龄黑白花公犊牛小肠不同部位(十二指肠、空肠和回肠)的pH值及α-淀粉酶、胰蛋白酶和乳糖酶活性进行了测定,结果发现:犊牛小肠不同部位内容物其pH值不同,回肠pH值高于空肠,回肠和空肠pH值均高于十二指肠;小肠不同部位的α-淀粉酶和胰蛋白酶活性不同,空肠α-淀粉酶和胰蛋白酶活性高于回肠和十二指肠,随着犊牛日龄的增长,活性逐渐增长;小肠不同部位的乳糖酶活性不同,空肠和十二指肠乳糖酶活性高于回肠,随着犊牛日龄的增长,小肠乳糖酶活性逐渐降低。     

獭兔消化道pH及主要消化酶变化规律研究

试验选用15日龄、30日龄、60日龄、90日龄和成年獭兔各15只,对獭兔不同肠段(十二指肠、空肠和回肠、盲肠)pH、淀粉酶、胰蛋白酶、糜蛋白酶、脂肪酶和乳糖酶活性进行测定.结果表明:肠段不同,pH和酶活性不同.15日龄后獭兔各肠段pH变化不大,相同日龄pH:回肠>空肠>十二指肠.随着日龄的增加,淀粉酶、胰蛋白酶、糜蛋白酶和脂肪酶活性增加,乳糖酶的活性逐渐降低;相同日龄淀粉酶、胰蛋白酶、糜蛋白酶活性:空肠>回肠>十二指肠,乳糖酶活性:空肠>十二指肠>回肠.盲肠pH、淀粉酶和乳糖酶活性低于小肠,纤维素酶在60日龄后迅速增加;盲肠各消化酶活性90日龄后基本稳定.     

犊牛小肠不同部位pH值及蛋白酶活性变化规律的研究

本文对0-6月龄黑白花公犊牛小肠不同部位（十二指肠、空肠和回肠）的pH值及胰蛋白酶和糜蛋白酶活性进行了测定。结果表明,犊牛小肠不同部位的pH值不同．回肠pH值高于空肠,回肠和空肠pH值均显著高于十二指肠：小肠不同部位的胰蛋白酶和糜蛋白酶活性不同．空肠胰蛋白酶和糜蛋白酶活性高于回肠,空肠和回肠胰蛋白酶和糜蛋白酶活性显著高于十二指肠．随着犊牛日龄的增长．活性逐渐增长。     

日粮类型对小尾寒羊小肠消化酶活性影响的研究

本文主要研究了小尾寒羊日粮类型对小肠不同部位和小肠内主要消化酶活性的影响。试验设计了四种日粮水平进行试验。结果表明 :日粮类型对小尾寒羊小肠内容物pH影响不大。小尾寒羊小肠不同部位内容物中淀粉酶、胰蛋白酶、糜蛋白酶和脂肪酶活性不同 ,十二指肠段淀粉酶活性最低 ,回肠段次之 ,空肠段最高 ,空肠段和回肠段淀粉酶活性显著高于十二指肠段。小尾寒羊小肠内淀粉酶、胰蛋白酶、糜蛋白酶和脂肪酶活性与日粮非结构性碳水化合物、粗蛋白含量和脂肪含量有关 ,表现酶活性随日粮非结构性碳水化合物含量、粗蛋白含量和脂肪含量的增高而增高 ,但当每只羊日粮中其含量超过一定值时 ,酶活性变化不大。     

饲喂半胱胺对绵羊小肠主要消化酶活性的影响

选取健康、体重相近的小尾寒羊公羔48只，随机分为4组，每组分别饲喂添加0、7．5、15和22．5mg／kgBW的半胱胺日粮，研究绵羊日粮中添加不同剂量的半胱胺对小肠内容物淀粉酶、胰蛋白酶和糜蛋白酶活性的影响。结果表明：绵羊小肠不同部位（十二指肠、空肠和回肠）淀粉酶、胰蛋白酶和糜蛋白酶活性不同，空肠淀粉酶、胰蛋白酶和糜蛋白酶活性显著高于十二指肠和回肠。绵羊日粮中添加不同剂量的半胱胺可影响小肠食糜中淀粉酶、胰蛋白酶和糜蛋白酶活性，随着日粮半胱胺添加量的增加，绵羊小肠内容物淀粉酶、胰蛋白酶和糜蛋白酶活性随之增高，但半胱胺的添加量达到一定程度时（22．5mg／kgBW），小肠内容物淀粉酶、胰蛋白酶和糜蛋白酶活性反而降低。因而在绵羊日粮中添加半胱胺时，一定要选择适宜的添加量。     

卵黄抗体添加剂对肉鸭小肠pH值及胰蛋白酶活性的影响

肉鸭日粮中添加卵黄抗体后对小肠不同部位(十二指肠、空肠和回肠) pH值及胰蛋白酶活性进行了测定, 结果表明, 肉鸭小肠不同部位的pH值不同, 回肠显著高于十二指肠和空肠(P<0 05), 而十二指肠略高于空肠, 差异不显著(P>0 05 ); 日粮中添加卵黄抗体后, 其pH值显著低于对照组(P<0 05)。肉鸭小肠不同部位的胰蛋白酶活性不同, 空肠最高, 其次是回肠和十二指肠; 日粮中添加卵黄抗体后, 各小肠段的胰蛋白酶活性都有所提高, 但以空肠的胰蛋白酶活性达到显著水平(P<0 05), 而回肠和十二指肠只有提高的趋势, 但差异不显著(P>0 05)。     

育肥方式对呼伦贝尔羊及其与杜泊羊杂交1代羔羊消化道酶活性的影响

本试验旨在研究育肥方式对呼伦贝尔羔羊及呼伦贝尔羊与杜泊羊杂交1代羔羊小肠及胰腺酶活性的影响。采用2×2完全随机试验设计,第1因素为育肥方式,分自然放牧和放牧补饲;第2因素为品种,分呼伦贝尔羔羊及呼伦贝尔羊与杜泊羊杂交1代羔羊(由呼伦贝尔母羊与杜泊公羊杂交而来)。选择体重相近的健康4月龄断奶呼伦贝尔羔羊和呼伦贝尔羊与杜泊羊杂交1代羔羊各60只,各分为2组,每组30只。育肥阶段分为育肥前期、育肥后期2个阶段,共60 d。放牧补饲组羔羊每只每天补饲精料在育肥前期为0.27 kg,育肥后期为0.53 kg。育肥试验结束时,分别从每组羔羊中随机选取5只羔羊进行屠宰,取小肠及胰腺组织测定酶活性。结果表明:与自然放牧相比,放牧补饲可显著提高羔羊十二指肠的胰蛋白酶、脂肪酶及糜蛋白酶活性,空肠、回肠与胰腺的淀粉酶、脂肪酶及胰蛋白酶活性(P0.05)。与呼伦贝尔羔羊相比,呼伦贝尔羊与杜泊羊杂交1代羔羊的十二指肠淀粉酶、糜蛋白酶活性,空肠及回肠的脂肪酶和胰蛋白酶活性显著增加(P0.05);十二指肠胰蛋白酶、胰腺脂肪酶活性的增加趋于显著(0.05≤P0.10)。总之,与自然放牧相比,放牧补饲能够提高羔羊的小肠及胰腺的消化酶活性,呼伦贝尔羊与杜泊羊杂交1代羔羊的小肠及胰腺的消化酶活性高于呼伦贝尔羔羊。     

断奶日龄对舍饲羔羊小肠内容物中主要消化酶活性的影响

为研究早期断奶日龄对羔羊小肠各段pH及主要消化酶活性的影响,选用55只初生重为（3.43±1.15）kg的甘肃现代肉羊育种群哺乳公羔,按同质原则分成3组,即对照组（正常吮乳组,25只）、Ⅰ组（28日龄断奶组,15只）和Ⅱ组（42日龄断奶组,15只）。在断奶12 h、7 d和14 d后从每个处理中随机抽取5只羔羊屠宰,测定小肠各段pH、α-淀粉酶、胰蛋白酶、糜蛋白酶和脂肪酶活性变化。结果显示,十二指肠食糜能够更为敏感地表达断奶对小肠pH及主要消化酶活性的影响。从小肠近端至远端,断奶对各肠段内容物pH及主要消化酶活性的影响逐渐减弱;断奶对小肠内容物pH、胰蛋白酶活性和脂肪酶活性影响较小;断奶日龄对羔羊小肠主要消化酶活性恢复所需要的时间影响不大,28日龄断奶组小肠α-淀粉酶活性恢复时间较42日龄断奶组短。本试验条件下,对羔羊实施28日龄断奶可行,且羔羊小肠主要消化酶活性恢复能力不逊于42日龄断奶羔羊。     

不同品种乳鸽肠道消化酶活性及回肠闭合小环蛋白-1、闭锁蛋白基因表达的差异研究

本研究旨在比较不同品种乳鸽肠道消化酶活性及回肠闭合小环蛋白-1(ZO-1)、闭锁蛋白(Occludin)基因表达的差异。试验选取1日龄深王鸽、卡奴鸽和敖峰鸽各120羽,3个品种即为3组,每组6个重复,每个重复20只乳鸽。试验期21 d。检测1、7、14、21日龄3个品种乳鸽的体重,十二指肠和空肠脂肪酶、蔗糖酶、胰蛋白酶、糜蛋白酶、麦芽糖酶活性以及回肠紧密连接蛋白ZO-1、Occludin的基因表达量。结果表明:1)不同品种间乳鸽体重差异不显著(P0.05)。2)1日龄卡奴鸽的十二指肠糜蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶活性显著高于深王鸽(P0.05),7日龄深王鸽、敖峰鸽的十二指肠脂肪酶活性显著高于卡奴鸽(P0.05),14日龄敖峰鸽的十二指肠蔗糖酶活性以及深王鸽的十二指肠蔗糖酶、麦芽糖酶活性显著高于卡奴鸽(P0.05)。3)1日龄卡奴鸽的空肠糜蛋白酶活性显著高于深王鸽(P0.05),空肠蔗糖酶活性显著高于敖峰鸽(P 0.05),空肠麦芽糖酶、脂肪酶活性显著高于深王鸽和敖峰鸽(P0.05);14日龄深王鸽的空肠胰蛋白酶、蔗糖酶、麦芽糖酶活性显著高于卡奴鸽(P0.05);21日龄深王鸽的空肠糜蛋白酶、蔗糖酶、脂肪酶活性显著高于卡奴鸽(P0.05)。4)不同品种间乳鸽的回肠ZO-1、Occludin的基因表达量差异不显著(P0.05)。5)不同品种乳鸽的体重随日龄增加呈线性升高(P0.05),十二指肠和空肠蔗糖酶、麦芽糖酶、脂肪酶活性随日龄增加呈线性增加(P0.05),回肠ZO-1、Occlidin的基因表达量随日龄增加呈线性增加(P0.05)。综上所述,深王鸽、敖峰鸽和卡奴鸽的体重均随日龄的增加线性增加,但相同日龄不同品种间无显著差异。不同品种的乳鸽在不同发育阶段具有不同的消化特性。不同品种乳鸽回肠紧密连接蛋白ZO-1、Occludin的基因表达量随日龄增加呈线性增加,但相同日龄不同品种间无显著差异。     

犊牛胰腺和小肠消化酶变化规律的研究

试验选用黑白花公犊牛21头,研究我国常规饲养管理条件下0～6月龄犊牛胰腺与小肠中主要消化酶的发育规律和变化模式。结果表明:小肠中胰蛋白酶、淀粉酶和脂肪酶活性随月龄的增长而增强,且在空肠段中酶活性均较高,6月龄分别达到11.73、914.03U/g蛋白质和423.23U/g蛋白质,乳糖酶则随月龄的增长活性降低;胰淀粉酶活性随月龄显著增长(P<0.05),0月龄胰脏内淀粉酶活性为177.19U/g蛋白质,2月龄酶活达5605.67U/g蛋白质,比0月龄增长32倍;脂肪酶活性0～1月龄间差异不显著(P>0.05),2月龄酶活显著增高(P<0.05)。由此可见各种消化酶的变化规律是不同的,它们在十二指肠、空肠和回肠的分布具有明显的区域性,空肠是营养物质消化的主要部位。     

日粮对肉牛小肠pH值及淀粉酶活性的影响

本文对肉牛饲喂不同日粮（玉米秸,５０％玉米秸加５０％玉米面）后小肠不同部位（十二指肠、空肠和回肠）ｐＨ值及粉酶活性进行了测定。结果表明：肉牛小肠不同部位的ＰＨ值及淀粉酶活性不同,回肠ＰＨ值高于空肠,回肠和空肠ＰＨ值显著高于十二指肠（Ｐ〈０．０５）,喂５０％玉米秸加５０％玉米面日粮的牛小肠ＰＨ值低于喂养一玉米秸日粮;空肠淀粉酶活性高于回肠,空肠和回肠淀粉酶活性均显著高于十二指肠（Ｐ〈０．０５）,饲喂     

3周龄断奶仔猪胰酶发育规律的研究

以 3周龄断奶仔猪为试验材料 ,研究了断奶对仔猪胰酶活性的影响。试验表明 ,3周龄断奶可以显著降低仔猪胰脏中胰淀粉酶、胰蛋白酶、胰糜蛋白酶和胰脂肪酶的活性 ,且在断奶后 2周继续维持断奶时水平。断奶降低了小肠内容物中胰淀粉酶和胰脂肪酶的活性 ,但空肠和回肠胰蛋白酶、胰糜蛋白酶的活性在断奶后并未下降。     

0～14日龄乳鸽小肠主要消化酶发育规律的研究

以0～14日龄雄乳鸽为研究对象,测定3日龄、8日龄和14日龄乳鸽十二指肠和空肠中淀粉酶、总蛋白水解酶、胰蛋白酶、糜蛋白酶和脂肪酶活性随年龄的变化趋势。结果表明：十二指肠中淀粉酶、总蛋白水解酶、胰蛋白酶和糜蛋白酶活性随日龄增加而呈上升趋势,脂肪酶活性在3～8日龄显著降低,8～14日龄活性升高;空肠中淀粉酶、总蛋白水解酶和脂肪酶活性先降低后升高,而胰蛋白酶和糜蛋白酶活性先升高后降低,并在8日龄时达到峰值。     

Development of the activities of pancreatic and caecal enzymes in White Roman goslings

1. This study was to investigate the development of the activities of pancreatic and caecal enzymes in White Roman goslings from hatching to 28 d of age. 2. A total of 80 1-d-old goslings were used. At hatching, 3 and 7 d of age, 16 goslings (8 males and 8 females) were used. At 11, 14, 21 and 28 d of age, 8 goslings, 4 males and 4 females were selected. The activities of amylase, lipase, trypsin and chymotrypsin in each segment of the small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, ileum) and their contents and the activity of cellulase in the caecal contents were measured. 3. The specific activity (SA) of amylase in the duodenal mucosa and contents increased significantly both from 11 to 14 and 14 to 21 d of age and declined after 28 d of age. In the jejunum and ileum, there was a significant peak in the SA of amylase in the mucosa in goslings from 7 to 21 d of age. On average, the SA of lipase of mucosa and content in the small intestine was initially low but gradually increased from 14 to 21 and from 21 to 28 d of age. 4. The SA of trypsin in the contents of the duodenum and the jejunum increased both from 7 to 11 and 11 to 14 d of age and there was high activity in the ileal contents from 14 to 21 d of age. From 3 to 14 d of age, the SA of chymotrypsin in the duodenal mucosa significantly increased and peaked. There was a significant peak at 11 d of age in the SA of chymotrypsin in the duodenal or jejunal contents and in the ileal contents at 7 d. The SA of cellulase in the caecal contents increased linearly with age, reaching a plateau at 28 d of age. 5. The rate of activity development varied from hatching to 28 d of age. However, the mean SA of amylase and lipase of intestinal contents reached a peak at 21 d, trypsin and chymotrypsin at 11 d and cellulase at 28 d of age, respectively. The quantitative changes in SA of cellulase, amylase, lipase, trypsin and chymotrypsin increased by about 4-, 3-, 5-, 2- and 3-fold, respectively, in the intestinal content of goslings. Thus, development of proteases in the intestine of goslings peaked more rapidly than amylase, lipase and cellulase during the first 4 weeks.     

Intestinal morphology, brush border and digesta enzyme activities of broilers fed on a diet containing Cu2+-loaded montmorillonite

1. A total of 320 1-d-old Arbor Acres broiler chicks were used to investigate the effect of Cu(2+)-loaded montmorillonite (CM) on the growth performance, intestinal morphology and activities of brush border enzyme in the intestinal mucosa and digestive enzyme in the intestinal digesta of broilers. 2. The chicks were assigned randomly into 4 groups with 80 chicks per treatment. The 4 dietary treatments were: basal diet only (control group), basal diet + 2 g montmorillonite/kg, basal diet + 1 g CM/kg, and basal diet + 2 g CM/kg. The chicks were raised in cages and feed and water were provided ad libitum for a period of 42 d. 3. The addition of CM to the diet of broilers significantly increased body weight and feed efficiency. Similarly, birds receiving montmorillonite had higher feed efficiency than the control after 42 d of feeding. 4. Data on villus height and crypt depth for duodenum, jejunum and ileum indicated that treating the diet of broilers with either CM or montmorillonite improved the mucosal morphology of the small intestine. 5. The presence of CM in the diet of broilers significantly increased the activities of maltase, aminopeptidase N and alkaline phosphatase in small intestinal mucosa. However, the activities of protease, trypsin, chymotrypsin, amylase and lipase in small intestinal digesta of broilers fed on the CM-supplemented diet were slightly higher than control values.     

Activities of gastric,pancreatic, and intestinal brush-border membrane enzymes during postnatal development of dogs

OBJECTIVE: To measure activities of digestive enzymes during postnatal development in dogs. SAMPLE POPULATION: Gastrointestinal tract tissues obtained from 110 Beagles ranging from neonatal to adult dogs. PROCEDURE: Pepsin and lipase activities were measured in gastric contents, and amylase, lipase, trypsin, and chymotrypsin activities were measured in small intestinal contents and pancreatic tissue. Activities of lactase, sucrase, 4 peptidases, and enteropeptidase were assayed in samples of mucosa obtained from 3 regions of the small intestine. RESULTS: Gastric pH was low at all ages. Pepsin was not detected until day 21, and activity increased between day 63 and adulthood. Activities of amylase and lipase in contents of the small intestine and pancreatic tissue were lower during suckling than after weaning. Activities of trypsin and chymotrypsin did not vary among ages for luminal contents, whereas activities associated with pancreatic tissue decreased between birth and adulthood for trypsin but increased for chymotrypsin. Lactase and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase activities were highest at birth, whereas the activities of sucrase and the 4 peptidases increased after birth. Enteropeptidase was detected only in the proximal region of the small intestine at all ages. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Secretions in the gastrointestinal tract proximal to the duodenum, enzymes in milk, and other digestive mechanisms compensate for low luminal activities of pancreatic enzymes during the perinatal period. Postnatal changes in digestive secretions influence nutrient availability, concentrations of signaling molecules, and activity of antimicrobial compounds that inhibit pathogens. Matching sources of nutrients to digestive abilities will improve the health of dogs during development.     

复合非淀粉多糖酶制剂对肉鸡生长性能及肠道酶活性的影响

将200只21日龄罗斯肉鸡分成5个处理组:处理1组(正对照组)、处理2组(负对照组),处理3～5组在负对照组日粮基础上各添加一种商业复合非淀粉多糖酶制剂产品。测定肉鸡生长性能及42日龄肠道消化酶活性。结果显示:处理3组肉鸡的料肉比显著优于(P≤0.05)处理1、2和5组;末体重指标,处理3和4组间无显著差异(P>0.05),但显著高于处理2和5组。处理3组肉鸡十二指肠的淀粉酶以及十二指肠内容物的蛋白酶活性显著高于(P≤0.05)处理1和2组。处理4和5组肉鸡的十二指肠淀粉酶和蛋白酶活性差异不显著,但显著低于处理3组。处理3组肉鸡空肠内容物的淀粉酶、蛋白酶和脂肪酶活性显著高于其它4个处理组。以上结果说明,选用复合NSP酶制剂应实测产品的酶种类和酶活性,以合理有效使用。     

Effect of Different Weaning Ages on Main Digestive Enzymes Activities in the Small Intestinal Contents of Lamb

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of different weaning ages on pH and the main digestive enzymes activities in the small intestinal contents of lamb. Fifty-five male lambs of Gansu modern breeding sheep group with(3.43±1.15)kg initial body weight were divided into 3 treatments randomly that were control group (sucking,25 lambs), group Ⅰ (weaning at 28 days old, 15 lambs), and group Ⅱ(weaning at 42 days old,15 lambs).5 lambs from each group were slaughtered at 12 h,7 d and 14 d after weaning,respectively,and the the change of pH and activities of α-amylase,trypsin,chympotrypsin and lipase were measured in the small intestinal contents. The results showed that the effects of pH and the main digestive enzymes activities could be expressed sensitively in the contents of duodenum. From duodenum to ileum,the effects of weaning turned weakening gradually,and it did not show a high-impact on pH,trypsin and lipase activities. There was no significant influence in the recovery time to the normal levels of the main digestive enzymes activities in the small intestinal contents by different weaning ages,the recovery time of α-amylase in group Ⅰ was shorter than group Ⅱ. In this trail condition,it was feasible to wean at 28 days of age,and it had no significant difference in the recovery ability of main digestive enzymes in the small intestinal contents weaning at 28 and 42 days old.