几种刺激物对鲤鱼和加州鲈的诱食活性研究

以鲤鱼和加州鲈为研究对象,运用撞球法研究刺激物对鲤鱼和加州鲈的诱食活性。结果表明:随试验周期的延长,加州鲈和鲤鱼对饲料球的啄咬次数明显具有先增多后稳定的趋势,分别在第11天和第5天达到稳定。加州鲈和鲤鱼对饲料球的啄咬分别从第3 min和第4 min开始达到稳定。鱿鱼提取物和精氨酸对鲤鱼有显著的诱食作用,诱食效果为精氨酸>鱿鱼提取物>天冬氨酸>赖氨酸,甘氨酸和丙氨酸对鲤鱼具有显著的抑制摄食作用,甘氨酸的抑制效果最强(P<0.05);赖氨酸、鱿鱼提取物、丙氨酸和甘氨酸对加州鲈有诱食作用,而赖氨酸达到极显著的水平,鱿鱼提取物达到显著水平;乳酸和天冬氨酸有抑制摄食的作用,差异不显著。     

不同诱食剂对泥鳅诱食活性的研究

近年来,促摄物质的研究取得了一定进展,显著增加了养殖对象的摄食量,提高了饲料的利用率,进而降低了养殖成本,提高了养殖效益。本试验以泥鳅为研究对象,用四角蛤蜊粗提物、甘氨酸、组氨酸、谷氨酸作为诱食剂进行了诱食活性的研究。统计分析显示,四角蛤蜊粗提物和组氨酸表现出较强的诱食促生长作用,单一的甘氨酸或谷氨酸对泥鳅没有诱食活性。     

六种单体氨基酸对史氏鲟幼鱼的诱食活性的影响

通过对鲟鱼天然饵料水蚯蚓和摇蚊幼虫的游离氨基酸成分进行检测,筛选出含量较高可能具有诱食活性的六种单体氨基酸,并结合行为学方法研究了这六种单体氨基酸对史氏鲟(Acipenser schrenckii)幼鱼的诱食活性。结果表明:史氏鲟对氨基酸有较强的反应,10-5mol/l的苏氨酸、甘氨酸、丙氨酸和精氨酸的试验组有明显的诱食活性,与对照组有显著性的差异(P0.05);而高浓度的苏氨酸、精氨酸、谷氨酸、脯氨酸(10-3mol/l)对史氏鲟鱼的诱食活性呈显著的抑制作用(P0.05)。试验结果为史氏鲟鱼高效全价配合饲料的研制提供了实验依据。     

148A型活性饲料酵母饲养育成鸡、蛋鸡的技术经济效果试验

<正> 为了探讨148A型活性饲料酵母饲养伊莎褐育成鸡、蛋鸡的技术经济效果,我场于1993年1月26日至1993年3月25日在本场蛋鸡场进行了生产试验,试验情况如下。 1.试验材料和方法 1.1 试验原料由148团饲料酵母厂生产提供。据石河子农学院中心化验室化验其主要氨基酸含量如下(％):天冬氨酸3.74,苏氨酸1.56,丝氨酸1.94,谷氨酸8.64,甘氨酸1.70,丙氨酸2.31,胱氨酸0.60,缬氨酸1.89,蛋氨酸0.62,异亮氨酸1.62,亮氨酸3.58,酪氨酸1.27,苯丙氨酸2.39,赖氨酸1.85,组氨酸1.12,精氨酸3.50,脯氨酸1.89;粗蛋白含量44.6％,水分     

南板蓝根氨基酸的分析

利用氨基酸分析仪对南板蓝根氨基酸进行分离测定，证实其含有脯氨酸、甘氨酸、苏氨酸、蛋氨酸、丙氨酸、天门冬氨酸、谷氨酸、半胱氨酸、苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸、缬氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、丝氨酸等十四种氨基酸，但未发现精氨酸、赖氨酸和组氨酸。     

酒糟饲喂生长肥育猪试验

<正> 酒糟是酿酒下脚料,其营养十分丰富,主要营养成分为(％):水分7.15,粗蛋白14.87,粗纤维17.12,粗脂肪4.47,无氮浸出物44.55,钙0.70,磷0.34,维生素B_1 0.027,维生素B_2 0.0009;各种氨基酸含量为(％):天冬氨酸0.884,苏氨酸0.441,丝氨酸0.518,谷氨酸2.209,丙氨酸O.948,胱氨酸0.254,缬氨酸0.636,蛋氨酸0.170,异亮氨酸0.588,甘氨酸0.496。亮氨酸1.252,酪氨酸0.332,苯丙氨酸0.705,赖氨酸0.400,组氨酸0.328,精氨酸O.494,脯氨酸O.961;总能量为3.973千卡/千克。为探讨自然风干酒糟在猪配合饲料日粮中的应用效果,于1991年7月4日起在洪泽饲料厂养猪场进行试验,试验猪平均体重     

桑蚕蛹粉的氨基酸含量

上海有机化学研究所以吴兴菱湖丝厂提供的蚕蛹分析(含量单位为微克分子)如下:赖氨酸0.237、组氨酸0.107、精氨酸0.156、天门冬氨酸0.418、苏氨酸0.175、丝氨酸0.200、谷氨酸0.374、脯氨酸0.200、甘氨酸0.466、丙氨酸0.309、缬氨酸0.253、甲硫氨酸0.055、异亮氨酸0.175、在氨酸0.264、酪氨酸0.103、苯丙氨酸0.154。     

蛋白质水解物可喂肉鸡

由酪蛋白和鲜血制备的蛋白质水解物含有(％)总氮13.68、赖氨酸9.32,蛋氨酸0.84、色氨酸0.84、精氨酸3.43,组氨酸6.64、苏氨酸3.17、亮氨酸10.53,异亮氨酸1.05、苯丙氨酸5.30、甘氨酸3.58、缬氨酸6.80、胱氨酸0.94、丝氨酸4.08、天冬氨酸8.52、谷氨酸8.55、脯氨酸3.62、丙氨酸6.50和酪氨酸2.41。本试验用48只1～56日     

葛氏鲈塘鳢对促摄食物质的嗅觉敏感性分析

为了研究葛氏鲈塘鳢对几种促摄食物质(L-丙氨酸、L-组氨酸、L-精氨酸、摇蚊幼虫研磨液、鱼肉研磨液)的嗅觉敏感性差异,试验记录了葛氏鲈塘鳢嗅上皮产生的嗅电图,得出葛氏鲈塘鳢嗅觉感受器(嗅囊)对5种物质刺激的相对刺激效应。结果表明:鱼肉研磨液、L-丙氨酸、L-组氨酸、L-精氨酸对葛氏鲈塘鳢均有明显的刺激效应,且鱼肉研磨液的相对刺激效应显著低于其他试液(P0.05),各组促摄食物质相对刺激效应顺序依次为摇蚊幼虫研磨液L-丙氨酸L-精氨酸L-组氨酸鱼肉研磨液。说明摇蚊幼虫是葛氏鲈塘鳢理想的促摄食物质。     

氨基酸的内源性合成限制了动物的生长、泌乳和繁殖(Ⅱ)

正1断奶动物的氨基酸代谢断奶与肠功能紊乱、氨基酸代谢改变、哺乳动物生长减缓有关。植物性日粮和母乳在氨基酸组成上的主要区别在于(以干物质基础表示),前者具有更高含量的丙氨酸、精氨酸、组氨酸和甘氨酸,以及更低含量的支链氨基酸、谷氨酸、谷氨酰胺、赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、脯氨酸、丝氨酸、苏氨酸、色氨     

水产饲料中氨基酸类诱食剂的研究进展

氨基酸可以促进水产动物摄食和生长,提高饲料转化率,净化水体环境和作为蛋白质合成的前体等.本文综述了氨基酸的诱食机理及其在水产动物上的应用,以便进一步深入研究和应用.     

苏氨酸的营养免疫作用及畜禽对其需要量的研究

苏氨酸作为畜禽的第二或第三限制性氨基酸,对机体有重要的营养免疫作用,在日粮氨基酸的平衡中也起重要作用。不同生长阶段的畜禽对苏氨酸的需要量不同。此外,其它一些氨基酸如赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、色氨酸、甘氨酸等均对苏氨酸的需要量有影响。     

家蚕丝素蛋白对大鼠胆固醇代射的影响

研究了经酸解后制得的家蚕丝素蛋白氨基酸组成以及对高血脂实验鼠血清和肝脏内胆固醇及转氨酶的活性变化的影响。结果表明：所得的家蚕丝素蛋白粉氨基酸组成丰富，其中甘氨酸、丙氨酸、丝氨酸和酪氨酸含量占全部氨基酸总量的95%；家蚕丝素蛋白能显著地降低血清胆固醇含量和谷草转氨酶及谷丙转氨酶活性，提高动物肝组织中的胆固醇浓度和谷丙转氨酶的活性。     

家蚕丝素蛋白对大鼠胆固醇代谢的影响

研究了经酸解后制得的家蚕丝素蛋白氨基酸组成以及对高血脂实验鼠血清和肝脏内胆固醇及转氨酶的活性变化的影响。结果表明 :所得的家蚕丝素蛋白粉氨基酸组成丰富 ,其中甘氨酸、丙氨酸、丝氨酸和酪氨酸含量占全部氨基酸总量的 95 %;家蚕丝素蛋白能显著地降低血清胆固醇含量和谷草转氨酶及谷丙转氨酶活性 ,提高动物肝组织中的胆固醇浓度和谷丙转氨酶的活性。     

日粮添加干桑叶对郏县红牛生长性能、屠宰性能和肉质性状影响的研究

试验旨在研究日粮中添加桑叶对郏县红牛生长性能、屠宰性能和肉品质的影响。选择健康、体重相近的12月龄郏县红牛公牛40头,随机分为4组。按照添加不同干桑叶比例分为对照组(青贮玉米+精料)、试验Ⅰ组(10%干桑叶+青贮玉米+精料)、试验Ⅱ组(15%干桑叶+青贮玉米+精料)、试验Ⅲ组(20%干桑叶+青贮玉米+精料)。预试期7 d,正式试验期180 d。结果表明:Ⅰ、Ⅱ组的平均日增重和平均采食量都高于对照组,平均日增重分别高5.10%、12.24%,差异显著(P<0.05),平均采食量分别高1.15%、2.94%,差异不显著(P>0.05),3个试验组料重比均低于对照组。Ⅱ组郏县红牛背膘厚度和大理石纹等级显著高于其他各组(P<0.05)。相比对照组,Ⅱ组粗脂肪、粗蛋白质含量提高了24.02%、7.89%。各组间背最长肌氨基酸的影响无显著性差异(P>0.05)。试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组的总氨基酸比对照组分别提高了1.57%、2.07%和3.79%。随着添加比例增加,饱和脂肪酸含量逐渐下降,不饱和脂肪酸随着添加比例的增加而升高。试验表明,日龄添加干桑叶对郏县红牛生产性能无显著影响,但是可以提高粗脂肪、粗蛋白质、总氨基酸和不饱和脂肪酸含量,有助于优质肉牛生产。     

Insulin,IGF-I,and muscle MAPK pathway responses after sustained exercise and their contribution to growth and lipid metabolism regulation in gilthead sea bream

Herein, we studied whether sustained exercise positively affects growth of gilthead sea bream by alterations in a) plasma concentrations of insulin and IGF-I, b) signaling pathways in muscle, or c) regulation of lipid metabolism. Specifically, we evaluated the effects of moderated swimming (1.5 body lengths per second; BL/s) on the circulating concentrations of insulin and IGF-I, morphometric parameters, and expression of genes related to lipid metabolism in gilthead sea bream (80–90 g BW). Exercise increased the specific growth rate (P < 0.05) and reduced the hepatosomatic index (P = 0.006). Plasma IGF-I concentrations increased in exercised fish (P = 0.037), suggesting a role for this endocrine factor in the control of muscular growth and metabolic homeostasis during swimming. The observed decrease in plasma insulin concentrations (P = 0.016) could favor the mobilization of tissue reserves in exercised fish. In this sense, the increase in liver fatty acid content (P = 0.041) and the changes in expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors PPARα (P = 0.017) and PPARγ (P = 0.033) indicated a hepatic lipid mobilization. Concentration of glycogen in both white and red muscles was decreased (P = 0.021 and P = 0.017, respectively) in exercised (n = 12) relative to control (n = 12) gilthead sea bream, whereas concentrations of glucose (P = 0.016) and lactate (P = 0.0007) were decreased only in red muscle, indicating the use of these substrates. No changes in the glucose transporter and in lipoprotein lipase mRNA expression were found in any of the tissues studied. Exercised sea bream had decreased content of PPARβ mRNA in white and red muscle relative to control sea bream expression (P = 0.001 and P = 0.049, respectively). Mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation was significantly down-regulated in both white and red muscles of exercised sea bream (P = 0.0374 and P = 0.0371, respectively). Tumor necrosis factor-α expression of white muscle was down-regulated in exercised gilthead sea bream (P = 0.045). Collectively, these results contribute to the knowledge base about hormonal regulation of growth and lipid metabolism in exercised gilthead sea bream.     

The Post-larval Development of Lateral Musculature in Gilthead Sea Bream Sparus aurata (L.) and Sea Bass Dicentrarchus labrax (L.)

Fibre-type differentiation of lateral musculature has been studied in gilthead sea bream Sparus aurata (L.) and sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax (L.) during post-larval development using ultrastructural, histochemical and morphometric techniques. The study showed three muscle layers: red, intermediate (or pink) and white. Initially, most of the red muscle showed low myosin ATPase (m-ATPase) activity fibres, whereas near the transverse septum some small high m-ATPase activity fibres appeared and later acquired a rosette aspect. Afterwards, during adult growth the red muscle showed a histochemical mosaic appearance. The pink muscle in sea bass was observed at the beginning of juvenile development by the oxidative technique (NADH-RT reaction) whereas in gilthead sea bream it was also observed at the end of larval development. The pink layer consists of high m-ATPase activity fibres. However, along the muscle development other low and moderate m-ATPase activity fibres were observed close to the red and white muscles, respectively. The white muscle of juvenile fish showed a histochemical mosaic appearance near the pink muscle. In adult specimens the mosaic white muscle spread out occupying the whole of the myotome. Morphometric analysis shows a significant increase in mean fibre diameter during post-larval development, as shown by the Student's t-test (hypertrophic growth). Skewness and kurtosis values of fibre diameters point to the generation of a new fibres from the myosatellite cells (hyperplastic growth).     

鱼类细胞肿大虹彩病毒病研究进展

鱼类细胞肿大虹彩病毒病在东亚和东南亚的真鲷、石斑鱼、大菱鲆、大黄鱼、鳜鱼等多种养殖鱼类中的频繁流行,致使感染鱼类出现大面积死亡,已成为危害养殖鱼类最严重的病毒病之一.文章综述了近年来鱼类细胞肿大虹彩病毒病的研究现状,重点介绍了该类疾病的流行病学、临床症状、组织病理学、分子生物学检测技术、病毒的传播途径、致病机制以及病毒的免疫防控等方面的研究进展,并对当前鱼类细胞肿大虹彩病毒研究中存在的问题进行了分析和展望.     

Analyses of free amino acid and taste sensor traits in egg albumen and yolk revealed potential of value-added eggs in chickens

To create high-quality eggs by using different breed and feed materials, we investigated free amino acid contents and taste sensor traits using two chicken breeds (Rhode Island Red; RIR and Australorp; AUS) fed two feeds (mixed and fermented feeds). Two-way ANOVA revealed significant breed and feed main and interaction effects on albumen bitterness and a significant interaction effect on yolk bitterness. Albumen from RIR fed mixed feed and AUS fed fermented feed was higher bitterness, whereas yolk from those groups was lower bitterness. Significant breed effects were detected in four albumen amino acid traits (His, Met, Ile, and Lys) and a yolk His, whereas significant feed effects were found in 15 albumen amino acid traits (Asp, Glu, Ser, His, Gly, Thr, Ala, Tyr, Val, Met, Trp, Ile, Leu, Lys, and Pro) and a yolk cystine trait. Compared to albumen amino acids, yolk amino acids had limited effects by breed and feed. The present results suggest that genetic and nutritional factors can alter not only amino acid contents but also sensor values of bitterness, indicating that selecting the combination of breed and feed enable us to make amino acids enriched and taste added designer eggs in future.     

红肉火龙果不同品种的果实品质和氨基酸组成比较

摘 要:为了综合评价广西主栽的不同红肉火龙果品种的果实品质特性和氨基酸组成,以金都1号、大红、蜜宝、美龙3号四个品种为研究对象,对其果实品质和氨基酸组分及含量等指标进行全面系统的比较,旨在为火龙果的种植生产、加工和食用等提供理论依据。结果表明：4个火龙果品种果实外形端正,色泽鲜艳,品质佳,其中金都1号果实最大,美龙3号最小;金都1号和蜜宝的果形为近圆形,大红和美龙3号为椭圆形;萼片都是三角形,金都1号和大红较长,蜜宝较短;萼片数最多的是大红,最少的是蜜宝;果皮最厚的是美龙3号,最薄的是蜜宝;可食率最高的是蜜宝;金都1号果实的可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、还原糖、可滴定酸、维生素C、甜味氨基酸、苏氨酸、蛋氨酸和脯氨酸的含量以及必需氨基酸在总氨基酸中的比例最高,大红的17种氨基酸总量、必需氨基酸、半必需氨基酸、鲜味氨基酸、芳香族氨基酸、赖氨酸、苯丙氨酸、缬氨酸、亮氨酸、异亮氨酸、组氨酸、精氨酸、门冬氨酸和甘氨酸的含量最高,蜜宝的胱氨酸、丙氨酸、丝氨酸和谷氨酸的含量最高,美龙3号的酪氨酸含量最高。4个红肉火龙果品种果实所含的17种氨基酸中,排在前五位的是谷氨酸、脯氨酸、精氨酸、亮氨酸、门冬氨酸。综合进行评价,金都1号的综合品质性状最佳,其次是大红。