蛋氨酸硒和纳米硒对波尔山羊种公羔生长及血液、组织硒含量的比较

【目的】为了研究纳米硒(nano-selenium)和蛋氨酸硒(methionine-selenium)对种公羊羔羊生长发育以及血液、组织中硒的沉积和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性的影响。【方法】试验选用体重相近的30只种用波尔山羊断奶公羔随机分3组,每组10个重复,预试2周,正试12周,分别饲喂基础日粮(对照组);基础日粮+0.3 mg/kg纳米硒;基础日粮+0.3 mg/kg蛋氨酸硒(以硒浓度计算)。每隔4周采血样一次,试验结束时,每组随机屠宰羔羊3只测量组织硒浓度。【结果】不同的硒源和一定浓度的硒对公羔生长发育影响不显著(P>0.05);添加蛋氨酸硒和纳米硒的公羔组织器官,血清,全血硒含量以及肝脏谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05),添加组之间差异不显著。【结论】统计结果表明,纳米硒和蛋氨酸硒与对照相比都能有效地增加血液、组织中硒的沉积,添加纳米硒组羔羊硒沉积和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性稍高于蛋氨酸硒组,羔羊添加纳米硒更易于硒的吸收和沉积。     

蛋氨酸硒和纳米硒对波尔山羊种公羔生长及血液、组织硒含量的比较

[目的]为了研究纳米硒(nano-selenium)和蛋氨酸硒(methionine-selenitim)对种公羊羔羊生长发育以及血液、组织中硒的沉积和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性的影响.[方法]试验选用体重相近的30只种用波尔山羊断奶公羔随机分3组,每组10个重复,预试2周,正试12周,分别饲喂基础日粮(对照组);基础日粮+0.3 mg/kg纳米硒;基础日粮+0.3 mg/kg蛋氨酸硒(以硒浓度计算).每隔4周采血样一次,试验结束时,每组随机屠宰羔羊3只测量组织硒浓度.[结果]不同的硒源和一定浓度的硒对公羔生长发育影响不显著(P>0.05);添加蛋氨酸硒和纳米硒的公羔组织器官,血清,全血硒含量以及肝脏谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05),添加组之问差异不显著.[结论]统计结果表明,纳米硒和蛋氨酸硒与对照相比都能有效地增加血液、组织中硒的沉积,添加纳米硒组羔羊硒沉积和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性稍高于蛋氨酸硒组,羔羊添加纳米硒更易于硒的吸收和沉积.     

饲粮中添加甘氨酸纳米硒对肥育猪血清和组织器官抗氧化能力及硒含量的影响

本试验旨在探讨饲粮中添加甘氨酸纳米硒对肥育猪血清和组织器官抗氧化能力及硒含量的影响。将160头体重约70 kg的杜长大杂交肥育猪随机分为4组,每组4个重复,每个重复10头。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加0.1、0.3和0.5 mg/kg(以硒计)甘氨酸纳米硒的试验饲粮。预试期5 d,正试期60 d。结果表明:1)0.1 mg/kg甘氨酸纳米硒组肝脏、肾脏、胰脏和心脏中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活力以及血清中总抗氧化能力和超氧化物歧化酶活力均显著高于对照组(P0.05)。2)与对照组相比,饲粮添加0.3和0.5 mg/kg甘氨酸纳米硒极显著提高了血清及肌肉、肝脏、肾脏、胰脏和心脏中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活力(P0.01),同时极显著降低了血清及肌肉、肝脏、肾脏、胰脏和心脏中丙二醛的含量(P0.01);而且,饲粮添加0.3 mg/kg甘氨酸纳米硒还极显著提高了肝脏中超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶活力(P0.01);饲粮添加0.5 mg/kg甘氨酸纳米硒还极显著提高了胰脏和心脏中总抗氧化能力和超氧化物歧化酶活力(P0.01)。3)0.1、0.3和0.5 mg/kg甘氨酸纳米硒组肥育猪血清及肌肉、肝脏、肾脏、胰脏和心脏中硒含量极显著高于对照组(P0.01)。由此可见,饲粮添加甘氨酸纳米硒能提高肥育猪血清及组织器官的抗氧化能力和硒含量,且以添加水平为0.5 mg/kg时效果最好。     

酵母硒和纳米硒对乳鸽生产性能、肉中微量元素含量和血清抗氧化指标的影响

为研究酵母硒和纳米硒对乳鸽生产性能、肉中微量元素含量和血清抗氧化指标的影响,选取210只14日龄健康的美国王鸽,随机分成7组,每组3个重复,每个重复10只。对照组饲喂基础饲粮(硒含量0.08 mg/kg),试验组在基础饲粮中分别添加0.1、0.3、0.5 mg/kg硒的酵母硒或纳米硒。结果表明:饲粮中添加酵母硒、纳米硒对乳鸽平均日采食量、料肉比均无显著影响(P0.05);与对照组相比,添加0.5 mg/kg硒的纳米硒组平均日增重显著提高(P0.05)。饲粮中添加酵母硒、纳米硒均显著提高了乳鸽胸肌中硒的含量(P0.05),对铁、锌的含量无明显影响(P0.05)。与对照组相比,添加0.3、0.5 mg/kg硒的酵母硒和纳米硒组乳鸽血清中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、总超氧化物歧化酶活性及总抗氧化能力均显著提高(P0.05),丙二醛含量均显著降低(P0.05)。由此可见,饲粮中添加酵母硒和纳米硒均明显提高了乳鸽肌肉中硒的含量,增强了血清抗氧化功能;添加0.5 mg/kg硒的纳米硒显著提高了乳鸽的日增重,综合来看,添加纳米硒的效果优于酵母硒,且以添加0.3~0.5 mg/kg为宜。     

纳米硒对肉鸡组织硒含量和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性的影响

本试验采用2×6因子完全随机设计,研究了纳米硒和亚硒酸钠2种硒源对肉鸡组织硒含量和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性的影响。岭南黄公母混合雏780羽按饲养试验要求分为13组,每组4个重复,每个重复15羽。将纳米硒和亚硒酸钠2种硒源分别以0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5、1.0mg/kg6个硒水平添加到基础日粮中,配制成12种试验日粮,基础日粮作对照。结果显示:(1)亚硒酸钠添加浓度在0.2～0.4mg/kg硒添加水平范围内肉鸡生长性能和GSH-Px活性处于高峰平台,1.0mg/kg硒添加水平肉鸡生长性能和GSH-Px活性显著低于0.2～0.4mg/kg硒添加水平。纳米硒添加浓度在1.0mg/kg肉鸡生长性能和GSH-Px活性仍然保持在高峰平台。(2)硒源添加浓度在0.1～0.3mg/kg时,亚硒酸钠和纳米硒对肉鸡生长性能的影响无显著差异(P>0.05);硒源添加浓度在0.4～1.0mg/kg时,纳米硒组肉鸡生长性能显著高于亚硒酸钠组(P<0.05)。(3)硒源添加浓度在0.1～0.4mg/kg时,两种硒源对GSH-Px活性的影响无显著差异(P>0.05);在0.5和1.0mg/kg硒添加水平上,纳米硒组GSH-Px活性显著高于亚硒酸钠组(P<0.05)。(4)不加硒的空白组全血和组织硒含量显著低于硒添加组。在同一硒添加水平上,纳米硒组和亚硒酸钠组肉鸡全血硒浓度差异不显著,但是,组织硒含量却受硒源的影响。硒源添加     

酵母硒和亚硒酸钠对育肥湖羊组织硒含量、抗氧化能力、肉品质及货架期的影响

本研究旨在比较饲粮中添加酵母硒和亚硒酸钠对育肥湖羊组织硒含量、抗氧化能力、肉品质及货架期的影响。选取24只湖羊公羔[初始体重(31.99±3.60)kg],随机分为3组,每组8只。3组湖羊分别饲喂基础饲粮(含硒0.54 mg/kg DM,对照组)以及在基础饲粮中分别添加0.4 mg/kg(以硒计)酵母硒(SY组,饲粮实际硒含量为0.96 mg/kg DM)和亚硒酸钠(SS组,饲粮实际硒含量为0.98 mg/kg DM)的试验饲粮。饲养期56 d,包括14 d的过渡期和42 d的正试期。结果显示:与对照组相比,添加酵母硒和亚硒酸钠均可显著提高湖羊血清总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)(P<0.05),显著降低血清丙二醛(MDA)含量(P<0.05),并显著增加背最长肌和毛发的硒含量(P<0.05);添加酵母硒还可显著提高湖羊肝脏、肾脏和心脏的硒含量(P<0.05),但显著抑制谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶2(GPx2)基因在肌肉中的表达(P<0.05);添加亚硒酸钠还可显著上调谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶3(GPx3)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶4(GPx4)基因在肌肉中的表达(P<0.05),但会缩短肌肉货架期。综上所述,在生产富硒湖羊肉产品时,酵母硒相对亚硒酸钠在增加机体脏器硒含量、肉质保鲜储存方面效果更佳。     

酵母硒和纳米硒对育肥后期乳鸽生长性能、肉中微量元素含量及血清抗氧化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究酵母硒和纳米硒对育肥后期乳鸽生长性能、肉中微量元素含量及血清抗氧化指标的影响。将210只21日龄健康的美国王鸽随机分成7组,每组3个重复,每个重复10只。试验采用2(硒源)×4(硒水平)双因素随机试验设计,饲粮硒源分别为酵母硒和纳米硒,硒添加水平分别为0(对照,饲喂硒含量为0.08 mg/kg的基础饲粮)、0.1、0.3、0.5 mg/kg(以硒计)。预试期3 d,正试期7 d。结果表明:1)各组乳鸽平均日采食量、平均日增重和料重比无显著差异(P0.05)。2)各加硒组乳鸽肉中硒含量均显著高于对照组(P0.05),且随着硒添加水平的升高而增加,硒源和添加水平之间存在显著交互作用(P0.05);与对照组相比,0.1、0.3、0.5 mg/kg硒的酵母硒组肉中硒含量分别显著提高了28.72%、62.09%、106.05%(P0.05),0.1、0.3、0.5 mg/kg硒的纳米硒组分别显著提高了19.83%、26.12%、45.65%(P0.05),且酵母硒组肉中硒的含量显著高于纳米硒组(P0.05)。3)与对照组相比,0.3、0.5 mg/kg硒的酵母硒和纳米硒组乳鸽血清总超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶活性及总抗氧化能力均显著提高(P0.05),血清丙二醛含量显著降低(P0.05);与对照组、0.1 mg/kg组相比,0.3、0.5 mg/kg组血清过氧化氢酶活性、总抗氧化能力显著提高(P0.05),血清丙二醛含量显著降低(P0.05)。综上,饲粮中添加酵母硒和纳米硒均能显著增强育肥后期乳鸽血清抗氧化性能,显著提高鸽肉中硒的含量。     

肌醇对鲫鱼组织脂肪、蛋白质氧化及抗氧化状态的影响

文章旨在探讨肌醇对鲫鱼组织器官脂肪、蛋白质氧化及抗氧化状态的影响。试验选择初始体重为(23.2±0.10)g的鲫鱼1680条,随机分为7组,每组4个重复,每个重复60条,试验共进行9周。对照组为基础日粮(肌醇含量为150mg/kg,计算值),处理1~6组分别在基础日粮中添加100mg/kg肌醇,使各处理组肌醇含量分别为250、350、450、550、650和750mg/kg。对照组肌肉丙二醛含量最高(P<0.05),且随日粮肌醇添加水平的升高而降低,其中550mg/kg肌醇组肌肉丙二醛含量最低(P<0.05)。肌醇组较对照组显著提高了肌肉抗羟自由基水平(P<0.05)。随着日粮肌醇水平升高至350mg/kg,肌肉超氧化物歧化酶活力和谷胱甘肽含量显著升高(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,肌醇组均显著提高了肌肉过氧化物酶和谷胱甘肽还原酶活力(P<0.05)。随着日粮肌醇水平升高至450mg/kg,小肠丙二醛含量显著降低(P<0.05),小肠过氧化物酶活力显著升高(P<0.05)。对照组肝脏MDA含量最高(P<0.05),之后随着肌醇水平升高至650mg/kg时显著降低(P<0.05)。随着日粮肌醇水平升高至350mg/kg,肝脏谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活力显著升高(P<0.05),而对照组谷胱甘肽含量最低(P<0.05),450和550mg/kg肌醇组最高(P<0.05)。结论:鲫鱼日粮添加肌醇可以通过增强自由基清除能力,提高抗氧化酶活力,有效预防肌肉、小肠、肝脏的脂质过氧化和蛋白氧化。     

不同硒源对鲫鱼生长性能、抗氧化酶活性、肌肉成分及硒沉积的影响

文章旨在研究亚硒酸钠或硒代蛋氨酸对鲫鱼生长性能、抗氧化酶活性、肌肉成分及硒沉积的影响,试验选择120条初始体重为(14.5±0.49)g的鲫鱼,随机分为3组,每组4个重复,每个重复10条。3组分别给予基础日粮(对照组)、0.5?mg/kg硒(以亚硒酸钠或硒代蛋氨酸形式,T1或T2组),试验为期30?d。结果显示:与对照组相比,T1和T2组显著提高鲫鱼的特定生长率,分别提高41.15%和44.13%(P 0.05),同时末重也显著提高了13.51%和13.06%(P 0.05),但T1和T2组对鲫鱼的末重和特定生长速率无显著影响(P 0.05)。日粮处理对鲫鱼成活率和饲料转化率均无显著影响(P 0.05)。对照组较T1和T2组显著降低了肌肉硒水平(P 0.05)。与对照组和T1组相比,T2组肌肉硒含量最高(P 0.05)。虽然不同硒源对肝脏和血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性的影响均无显著差异(P 0.05),但补充硒提高了肝脏和血清抗氧化酶活性。综上所述,日粮添加不同硒源(硒代蛋氨酸和亚硒酸钠)能提高鲫鱼生长性能、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性和肌肉硒浓度。此外,有机硒(硒代蛋氨酸)比无机形式(亚硒酸钠)的效果更好。     

饲粮中添加不同硒源对产蛋鸡生产性能和抗氧化能力的影响

本试验研究了饲粮中添加亚硒酸钠、酵母硒、蛋氨酸硒和纳米硒对产蛋鸡生产性能、鸡蛋品质、血浆抗氧化能力和鸡蛋硒含量的影响,旨在为产蛋鸡饲粮中硒的合理使用提供理论依据。选取18周龄健康、产蛋率相近的海兰灰产蛋鸡540只,随机分为5组,每组6个重复,每个重复18只。对照组饲喂不添加硒的基础饲粮(总硒含量0.08 mg/kg),其他4组添加0.30 mg/kg硒,分别来自亚硒酸钠、酵母硒、蛋氨酸硒和纳米硒(实测饲粮硒含量分别为0.37、0.38、0.34和0.41 mg/kg)。试验预试期1周,正试期8周。结果表明:1)不同硒源对产蛋鸡的生产性能和蛋品质均无显著影响(P0.05)。2)与对照组相比,饲粮中添加0.30 mg/kg 4种硒均显著提高了血浆谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性(P0.05)。试验4周末,纳米硒组GSH-Px活性最高;8周末,酵母硒组和纳米硒组GSH-Px活性较高。与对照组相比,饲粮中添加4种硒源均能够提高血浆总抗氧化能力(T-AOC),且纳米硒组在4和8周末均显著高于其他各组(P0.05)。4种硒源对血浆超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量均无显著影响(P0.05)。3)与对照组相比,基础饲粮中添加4种硒源均可显著提高鸡蛋中硒含量(P0.05),其中酵母硒组显著高于其他3组(P0.05)。由此可见,基础饲粮中添加4种硒源对产蛋鸡生产性能和鸡蛋品质无显著影响;4种硒源均可显著提高血浆GSH-Px活性和T-AOC,且酵母硒和纳米硒效果更好;与亚硒酸钠、蛋氨酸硒和纳米硒相比,酵母硒在增加鸡蛋硒含量方面更加有效。     

Selenium and glutathione peroxidase levels in lambs receiving feed supplemented with sodium selenite or selenomethionine

Twenty-one 6 months old female lambs were divided into 7 groups and fed a basal diet containing 0.13 mg Se/kg. The basal diet was further supplemented with 0, 0.1, 0.5 or 1.0 mg Se/kg either as sodium selenite or as selenomethionine, and was fed for 10 weeks. Both feed additives produced an increase in the selenium concentration in the tissues analysed. Significant correlations were found between the concentrations of selenomethionine or sodium selenite added to the feed and the subsequent tissue levels. However, the selenium levels seemed to plateau at approximately 0.5 mg Se/kg of supplemented sodium selenite. The total glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity of the tissues increased when the selenium supplementation increased from 0 to 0.1 mg/kg for both selenium compounds. With further increase in selenium supplementation the GSH-Px activity in the tissues plateaued except in the blood where the activity continued to rise with increasing selenomethionine supplementation. The selenium dependent GSH-Px activity in the liver rose with increasing selenomethionine supplementation, but approached a plateau when 0.1 mg Se/kg as sodium selenite was added to the feed. The selenium concentration in whole blood responded more rapidly to the selenium supplementation than did GSH-Px activity. The experiment indicates that the optimal selenium concentration in the feed is considerably higher than 0.1 mg Se/kg, and that selenium levels of 1.0 mg/kg in the feed do not result in any risk for the animals or the consumers of the products.Key words: dietary selenium, lambs, selenium concentrations, glutathione peroxidase activities, tissues     

Selenium deposition in tissues and eggs of laying hens given surplus of selenium as selenomethionine

Forty-eight Norwegian bred White Leghorn chickens were divided into 6 groups and fed a basal diet containing 0.30 mig Se/kg supplemented with 0, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 3.0 or 6.0 mg Se/ kg in the form of selenomethionine for 18 weeks. A supplement of only 0.1 mg Se/kg induced significantly higher selenium concentrations in breast muscle and eggs, particularly in the egg white. The increase of selenium in the tissue and egg was proportional to the amounts of selenomethionine added to the feed. In the group given 6.0 mg Se/kg, the selenium concentrations in all tissues and eggs analysed ranged from 4.8 to 7.3 μg Se/g. No signs of toxic effects were observed even at the highest intake of selenium. Excess supply of selenium as selenomethionine to chickens was shown to be more potent than sodium selenite in raising the selenium concentration in tissues and eggs. A supplementation up to 10 times the requirement did not increase the levels of selenium in poultry products to such a degree that they could be considered as a potential risk for human consumption.Key words: dietary selenium, laying hens, selenium concentrations, tissues, eggs     

Evaluation of the respiratory elimination kinetics of selenium after oral administration in sheep

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the respiratory excretion and elimination kinetics of organic and inorganic selenium after oral administration in sheep. ANIMALS: 38 crossbred sheep. PROCEDURES: Selenium was administered PO to sheep as a single dose of 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4 mg/kg as sodium selenite or selenomethionine. Expired air was collected and analyzed from all sheep at 4, 8, and 16 hours after administration. RESULTS: Clinical signs consistent with selenium intoxication were seen in treatment groups given sodium selenite but not in treatment groups given the equivalent amount of selenium as selenomethionine. However, a distinct garlic-like odor was evident in the breath of all sheep receiving 2 to 4 mg of selenium/kg. The intensity of odor in the breath did not correlate with clinical signs in affected animals receiving sodium selenite treatment. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The concentration of selenium in expired air was greater in sheep receiving selenium as selenomethionine than sodium selenite. The concentration of selenium in expired air from sheep receiving high doses of selenium (3 and 4 mg of selenium/kg) was larger and selenium was expired for a longer duration than the concentration of selenium in expired air from sheep receiving low doses of selenium (1 and 2 mg of selenium/kg).     

Comparative toxicosis of sodium selenite and selenomethionine in lambs.

Excess consumption of selenium (Se) accumulator plants can result in selenium intoxication. The objective of the study reported here was to compare the acute toxicosis caused by organic selenium (selenomethionine) found in plants with that caused by the supplemental, inorganic form of selenium (sodium selenite). Lambs were orally administered a single dose of selenium as either sodium selenite or selenomethionine and were monitored for 7 days, after which they were euthanized and necropsied. Twelve randomly assigned treatment groups consisted of animals given 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4 mg of Se/kg of body weight as sodium selenite, or 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, or 8 mg of Se/kg as selenomethionine. Sodium selenite at dosages of 2, 3, and 4 mg/kg, as well as selenomethionine at dosages of 4, 6, and 8 mg/kg resulted in tachypnea and/or respiratory distress following minimal exercise. Severity and time to recovery varied, and were dose dependent. Major histopathologic findings in animals of the high-dose groups included multifocal myocardial necrosis and pulmonary alveolar vasculitis with pulmonary edema and hemorrhage. Analysis of liver, kidney cortex, heart, blood, and serum revealed linear, dose-dependent increases in selenium concentration. However, tissue selenium concentration in selenomethionine-treated lambs were significantly greater than that in lambs treated with equivalent doses of sodium selenite. To estimate the oxidative effects of these selenium compounds in vivo, liver vitamin E concentration also was measured. Sodium selenite, but not selenomethionine administration resulted in decreased liver vitamin E concentration. Results of this study indicate that the chemical form of the ingested Se must be known to adequately interpret tissue, blood, and serum Se concentrations.     

Interactions between dietary selenium,copper and sodium nitroprusside,a source of cyanide in growing chicks and laying hens

1. Diets containing supplements of selenium (10 mg/kg as sodium selenite), copper (500 mg/kg as copper (II) sulphate) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP 300 mg/kg) as a source of cyanide, were fed singly and in all possible combinations to chicks from 14 to 35 d of age.

2. Both copper and SNP individually alleviated the growth depression caused by excess selenium but interacted adversely with one another. The effect of SNP was to decrease liver selenium but copper increased it. Despite this contrast it is suggested that both achieve their beneficial effects through influences on the fraction of liver selenium that can be reduced to volatile forms by hydrochloric acid and zinc.

3. In a second experiment the effects of diets containing additional selenium (2 mg/kg as sodium selenite or selenomethionine) with or without additional copper (100 mg/kg) or SNP (100 mg/kg) on selenium incorporation into eggs were compared.

4. SNP reduced incorporation from selenite whereas copper had no effect. However, copper reduced the incorporation from selenomethionine into the protein fractions of egg white as much as SNP.     

Effect of selenium on sheep lymphocyte responses to mitogens

The effect of selenium (Se) on sheep lymphocyte response to mitogens was studied. In an indoor experiment lambs were fed a basal diet containing 0.13 mg Se kg-1, and supplemented with, respectively, 0.1 or 0.5 mg Se kg-1, either as sodium selenite or as selenomethionine. Enhancement of the proliferative response of lymphocytes to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), pokeweed mitogen (PWM) and concanavalin A was found in lambs following selenium supplementation at the lower levels. The highest dietary selenium content, however, induced decreased mitogen response. Transient increases in lymphocyte response to PHA and PWM by ewes supplemented with selenium was demonstrated in one field study and a combined effect of selenium and vitamin E was seen in another. There was no stimulatory effect on the mitogen response of lymphocytes from sheep supplemented with dietary vitamin E alone.     

Primary hair growth in dogs depends on dietary selenium concentrations

Selenium (Se) plays an important role in hair growth. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary selenium concentration on hair growth in dogs. Thirty-six beagles were stratified into six groups based on age, gender and body condition score. The dogs were fed a torula yeast-based canned food for 3 weeks. Then the dogs were fed varying amounts of selenium supplied as selenomethionine for an additional 24 weeks. Analysed selenium concentrations in the experimental foods for the six groups were 0.04, 0.09, 0.12, 0.54, 1.03 and 5.04 mg/kg dry matter respectively. Body weight and food intake were not affected by the selenium treatments. Serum selenium concentration was similar initially but was significantly different at the end of the study among groups. Dietary selenium concentration below 0.12 mg/kg diet may be marginal for an adult dog. Dietary treatment had no effect on serum total thyroxine (TT(4)), free thyroxine (FT(4)), and free 3,3',5-triiodothyronine (FT(3)). There was a significant diet and time interaction (p = 0.038) for total 3,3',5 triiodothyronine (TT(3)). Hair growth was similar among groups initially but significantly reduced in dogs fed diets containing 0.04, 0.09 or 5.04 mg Se/kg when compared with 0.12, 0.54 and 1.03 mg Se/kg at week 11 (p < 0.05) and week 22 (p = 0.061). These results demonstrated that both low and high selenium diets reduce hair growth in adult dogs.     

产蛋种鸡日粮中不同水平维生素E与有机和无机硒的效果研究

在３×５的两因子试验中,研究了不同添加水平维生素Ｅ（４、１４和２４ｍｇ／ｋｇ）与有机和无机硒（亚硒酸钠０．２０、０．３５和０．５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ,酵母硒０．３５和０．５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ）对褐壳蛋种母鸡在２０～４０周龄阶段生产繁殖性能和有关血液指标的影响。结果表明,产蛋母鸡的采食量、产蛋率、蛋重、产蛋量、饲料转化率和死淘率在３个维生素Ｅ添加水平间无差异;除了添加酵母硒０．５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ组蛋鸡的蛋重和产蛋量显著低于酵母硒０．３５ｍｇ／ｋｇ组以外,其它各项生产性能指标在各硒处理组间差异不明显。维生素Ｅ和硒可增加彼此在血液中的存留;当日粮中只补加维生素Ｅ４ｍｇ／ｋｇ时,将日粮亚硒酸钠硒添加水平由０．２０ｍｇ／ｋｇ提高到０．３５～０．５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ可使血浆α－生育酚含量由０．５０μｇ／ｍｌ上升到接近１．０μｇ／ｍｌ左右。     

大口黑鲈对饲料中酵母硒的耐受性研究

本试验旨在通过研究酵母硒对大口黑鲈生长性能、血浆生化指标、组织抗氧化指标及肝脏组织结构的影响,评价大口黑鲈对饲料中酵母硒的耐受性。在基础饲料中分别添加0(Y0)、0.5(Y0.5)、2.5(Y2.5)、5.0 mg/kg(Y5.0)(以硒计)酵母硒,其中0.5 mg/kg是硒的最高推荐剂量,2.5和5.0 mg/kg分别是最高推荐剂量(0.5 mg/kg)的5和10倍。基础饲料本底硒含量为0.76 mg/kg。选用初始体重为(12.99±0.01)g大口黑鲈,随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复20尾,试验期为10周。结果表明:Y0组增重率和摄食率最低,同时其饲料系数也最低,均显著低于其余各组(P0.05)。Y0组血浆中碱性磷酸酶活性显著高于其余各组(P0.05)。Y0.5组血浆中高密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量显著高于其余各组(P0.05)。Y2.5组血浆中尿素氮含量显著高于其余各组(P0.05)。Y2.5组、Y5.0组血浆中免疫球蛋白M含量显著高于Y0组、Y0.5组(P0.05)。与Y0组相比,酵母硒的添加显著降低了血浆中丙二醛的含量(P0.05),且显著提高了血浆中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶的活性(P0.05)。Y5.0组肝脏硒含量显著高于Y0组、Y 0.5组(P0.05),与Y2.5组无显著差异(P0.05)。硒日摄入量和肝脏硒含量呈显著线性相关(P0.05),肝脏硒含量随硒日摄入量的提高呈线性增加。各组大口黑鲈的肝脏都有不同程度的损伤,但添加0.5 mg/kg酵母硒对肝脏损伤有缓减作用。由上述结果可知,饲料中添加0.5 mg/kg酵母硒(总硒含量为1.29 mg/kg)对大口黑鲈具有一定的脂肪代谢促进作用和抗氧化保护功能,且对大口黑鲈是安全的。本试验条件下,综合生长性能、血浆生化指标、组织抗氧化指标及肝脏组织结构,饲料本底硒含量为0.76 mg/kg时,大口黑鲈对饲料中酵母硒的耐受剂量为0.5 mg/kg(以硒计),即为硒的最高推荐剂量,安全系数为1。鱼粉、磷虾粉等动物蛋白质源中含有较高水平的硒元素,因此在高鱼粉水产动物饲料中补充硒要慎重。     

Selenium requirements of dairy goats

Selenium is an essential part of the enzyme glutathione-peroxidase (GSH-Px) and plays an important role in the intracellular aspecific immune defence. Reference values for blood levels of GSH-Px are not available for dairy goats. The EU has authorized the addition of selenium (as E), in the form of sodium selenite or sodium selenate, to animal feeds, to a maximum of 0.5 mg selenium/kg complete feed. Dairy goats given feed containing the maximum level of selenium (0.5 mg/kg) had GSH-Px levels of more than 1000 U/g Hb. The reference values for GSH-Px in cattle, horses, and pigs are between 120 and 600 U/g Hb. Newborn kids had GSH-Px levels between 350 and 400 U/g Hb, comparable with those ofnewborn calves. In conclusion, the addition of selenium to feeds for dairy goats in amounts authorized by the EU leads to blood GSH-Px levels that are substantially higher than those in other species, such as horses, cattle, and pigs. Thus the maximum level of supplemental selenium in feeds for dairy goats should be less than 0.5 mg/kg.