2007年湖北省农作物病虫害发生趋势预测

根据2007年3月6~7日全省农作物病虫鼠害发生趋势会商会上各地提供的病虫基数,结合全年气候趋势和我省重大病虫年度间消长规律、农作物种植结构及品种布局等情况综合分析,预计2007年我省农作物病虫害发生的总趋势为:迁飞性害虫、气候性病害、粮食作物常发病虫害呈中等偏重至大发     

2008年湖北省农作物病虫害发生趋势预测

3月4～5日,全省农作物病虫害发生趋势会商暨低温雨雪冰冻天气对病虫害发生影响研讨会在沙洋县召开,根据各地通报的病虫基数条件,结合全年气候趋势、重大病虫年度问消长规律、农作物种植结构、品种布局和持续低温雨雪天气对病虫害造成的影响等情况综合分析,预计2007年湖北省农作物病虫害发生的总趋势为：迁飞性害虫、油菜病害、粮食作物常发病虫害呈中等偏重至大发生趋势,蔬菜虫害重于病害。各病虫害发生趋势预报如下：     

2005年下半年湖北省农作物病虫害发生趋势

根据6月29日～30日在石首市召开的全省农作物病虫发生趋势会商会结果,结合当前病虫基数、历史资料、耕作制度、品种布局、作物长势和气象条件等因素综合分析,预计下半年湖北省农作物病虫害总体呈偏重发生趋势,其中主害代稻飞虱、稻纵卷叶螟、第2代二化螟、中稻纹枯病、第4代棉铃虫、棉花红蜘蛛、斜纹夜蛾、棉花枯黄萎病等病虫害将呈中等偏重以上程度发生（4～5级）,局部地区的稻飞虱、稻纵卷叶螟和部分优质稻上的穗期综合症将有可能暴发成灾。     

2011年湖北省主要农作物病虫害发生趋势预报

3月10～11日,省植保总站在襄阳市召开全省农作物病虫害发生趋势会商会,来自全省各市、州及病虫区域测报站的60多名专家和测报技术人员参加会议,根据各地调查的病虫基数,结合重大病虫发生规律、农作物种植结构、品种布局及气象因素等,综合分析了2011年我省主要农作物病虫害发生趋势,预计总体呈中等偏重发生,其中水稻主产区二化螟、水稻纹枯病、油菜菌核病、马铃薯晚疫病将大发生;水稻两迁害虫、小麦赤霉病偏重至以上程度发生;小麦条锈病在鄂北、鄂西呈中等流行态势;     

2012年湖北省主要农作物病虫害发生趋势预报

3月16-17日,省植保总站在潜江市召开全省农作物病虫害发生趋势会商会,来自全省各市、州植保站及区域测报站的60多名专家和测报技术人员参加了会商。根据各地调查的病虫基数,结合主要病虫发生规律、农作物种植结构、品种布局及气象因素等,综合分析了2012年我省主要农作物病虫害发生趋势,预计总体呈中等偏重发生,     

重庆市2003年农作物主要病虫发生趋势

1　 2 0 0 2年主要农作物病虫发生概况受特殊气候影响 ,2 0 0 2年我市主要农作物病虫害为偏重发生年份 ,重于 2 0 0 1年 ,共计发生面积 4 38万ｈｍ2 (次 ) ,其中 ,重大病虫稻飞虱、稻纵卷叶螟、二化螟、稻瘟病、纹枯病、小麦条锈病、马铃薯晚疫病发生程度及面积均重于和大于 2 0 0 1年 ,发生面积达到2 0 8.6万ｈｍ2 (次 )。稻纵卷叶螟及小麦条锈病是 1997年来最重的一年。小麦条锈病发生区县为 2 2个 ,占全市区县数的 5 6.4 %。稻飞虱发生程度为 4级 ,部分地区 5级 ,发生面积 2 9.8万ｈｍ2 (次 ) ;稻纵卷叶螟发生程度为 5级 ,局部特大发生 ,…     

2003年湖北省农作物病虫害发生趋势分析

20 0 3年 3月 6日 ,省植保总站召开了全省农作物病虫发生趋势会商会 ,各市、州、直管市、区域测报站和鼠情监测点的 4 0多位代表参加会议 ,根据今年全省农作物种植情况 ,结合历史资料和气象预报 ,对全省农作物病虫害发生趋势进行会商。现将会商结果发布如下 :1　夏粮夏油小麦条锈病 :鄂北、鄂西南、江汉平原大部麦区发生程度为 3级 ,局部 4级。小麦白粉病 :鄂北、江汉平原发生程度为 3级 ,其它地区 2级。小麦纹枯病 :全省大部发生程度为 3级 ,鄂东北、江汉平原北部地区 4级。小麦赤霉病 :江汉平原南部 ,鄂东南发生程度为 3级 ,局部 4级。油…     

广西1998年早稻主要病虫害发生趋势预报及防治意见

广西１９９８年早稻主要病虫害发生趋势预报及防治意见广西壮族自治区农作物病虫测报站＊执笔人：廖皓年。１９９８－０４－１４收稿据全区各地病虫测报部门的调查分析,预计在今年早稻生长期间,水稻病害的发生程度将重于去年,虫害则与去年相当;病虫发生为害的总体趋势...     

2011年全国农作物重大病虫害发生趋势

2010年12月5～6日,全国农业技术推广服务中心组织全国植保科研、教学和推广应用的100多名专家,会商了2011年全国农作物重大病虫害发生趋势。根据病虫越冬基数、2010年冬季至2011年夏季气候趋势预测和主要农作物种植情况等因素综合分析,预计2011年我国农作物重大病虫害仍为偏重发生年份,程度重于2010年,发生面积约为3．8亿hm2次,同比增加4％。     

2002年农作物重大病虫发生趋势预报

本刊讯 :全国农技中心病虫测报处发出预警报告 ,预计２００２年全国农作物病虫害将较重发生 ,其中东亚飞蝗、稻螟虫、小麦条锈病、棉铃虫、玉米螟、北方土蝗、斑潜蝇等病虫呈严重发生态势 ,其它病虫发生相对较轻。下面我们将预计各类病虫害发生严重程度的信息提供给大家 ,诣在帮助各农药厂家、农药经商单位等有关部门及早做好各方面的准备工作。１小麦、水稻病虫偏重预计今年小麦虫害将以蚜虫、红蜘蛛和吸浆虫发生为主 ,病害以条锈病、纹枯病、白粉病和赤霉病等为主 ,其中条锈病、吸浆虫等有加重发生趋势。条锈病多发生在甘肃陇南和天水、川…     

Localization of metabolic sites of action of herbicides

Time- and concentration-course studies were conducted to determine the effect of thirteen herbicides on photosynthesis, respiration, RNA synthesis, protein synthesis, and lipid synthesis using isolated single leaf cells. Each herbicide was from a different chemical class. Appropriate ¹⁴C-substrates and product purification procedures were used for each process prior to liquid scintillation counting. The most sensitive metabolic site of inhibition was photosynthesis for atrazine, bromacil, dichlobenil, monuron, and paraquat; RNA synthesis for dalapon and dinoseb; protein synthesis for chlorpropham; and lipid synthesis for CDAA, chloramben, 2,4-D, EPTC, and trifluralin. However, with several herbicides, one or more process was almost as sensitive as the one mentioned above. All herbicides inhibited more than one process, and the most sensitive site of inhibition may not be the same process that was inhibited the greatest at the maximum concentration and maximum exposure time used. Therefore, a concept of metabolic sites of action, rather than a primary site of action, appears to be more meaningful for herbicides.     

福寿螺配偶个体大小选择性初步观察

通过野外观察与实验研究,掌握了福寿螺的婚配体制及其配偶选择性规律。福寿螺与多数低等动物一样,其婚配属于乱交制,无固定配偶;雌螺对与其交配的雄螺个体大小没有选择性,而雄螺对雌螺的个体大小有选择性,倾向于与较大个的雌螺交配。     

青稞种子带菌检测及杀菌剂消毒处理效果

为了研究青稞种子外部和内部携带真菌情况,比较不同杀菌剂对青稞种子的带菌消毒效果和对幼苗生长的影响,为青稞种子播前包衣处理和种传真菌病害防控提供依据,采用离体平皿法对云南迪庆‘云青1号’、‘云青2号’和‘短白青稞’3个主栽品种进行带菌检测,并对种子进行拌种或浸种处理测定6种杀菌剂对种子消毒效果,分析杀菌剂对种子发芽和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:供试青稞种子表面携带的优势菌群为青霉(Penicilliumspp.)、镰刀菌(Fusariumspp.);种子内部寄藏的真菌主要为镰刀菌、核腔菌(Pyrenophoraspp.)、附球菌(Epicoccumspp.)、丝核菌(Rhizoctoniaspp.)、链格孢(Alternariaspp.)和木霉(Trichoderma spp.)。青稞不同品种的种子表面及内部携带的真菌种类差异较大。致病性测定表明,镰刀菌对种子萌发和幼苗生长影响最大,后期出现幼苗坏死现象。45%咪鲜胺EW、75%百菌清WP、50%福美双WP对青稞种子携带真菌均有显著抑制作用和消毒效果,50%福美双WP消毒效果最优,达100%;45%咪鲜胺EW、75%百菌清WP、50%福美双WP处理对青稞种子发芽和幼苗生长均无显著影响。     

厚朴病虫害种类的初步调查

采用标准地法和线路调查法,对湖北恩施市新塘乡双河厚朴基地的厚朴病虫害进行了系统调查,记录主要虫害13种,其中叶部害虫9种,枝干害虫2种,根部害虫2种。厚朴主要病害5种。藤壶蚧、厚朴枝角叶蜂和厚朴新丽斑蚜为湖北省首次报道,小绿叶蝉为厚朴新寄主记录种。同时记录了藤壶蚧的天敌6种,其中寄生小蜂2种,瓢虫4种;厚朴新丽斑蚜的天敌昆虫8种。对藤壶蚧、厚朴枝角叶蜂和厚朴苗木根腐病等重要病虫害的发生规律进行了初步调查,同时提出了防治建议。     

Effects of timing and method of application of Penicillium oxalicum on efficacy and duration of control of Fusarium wilt of tomato

The effects of timing and method of application of Penicillium oxalicum on the control of fusarium wilt of tomato were investigated. Application of P. oxalicum to tomato seedlings in seedbeds reduced disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici in a growth chamber by 45–49% and in glasshouse experiments by 22–69%. Disease suppression was maintained for 60–100 days after inoculation with the pathogen in the glasshouse. No disease reduction was observed in tomato plants where P. oxalicum was applied to seeds. Treatment with P. oxalicum did not affect the population of F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici in the rhizosphere.     

Systems of designation of pathotypes of plant pathogens12

A variety of systems of designation has evolved to name pathotypes of plant pathogens. The systems were evaluated to determine those best suited for particular purposes. Virulence and avirulence/virulence formulae of pathotypes have advantage over the use of consecutive numbers or letters given in chronological order of pathotype discovery. As soon as pathotype information exceeds a certain level of complexity, mathematical codes are most advantageous, in particular two codes, octal notation and coded triplets. A more universal adoption of the most appropriate codes is recommended to ease communication and comparisons of results.     

Mode of action of etoxazole

The mode of action of the 2,4-diphenyl-1,3-oxazoline acaricide/insecticide etoxazole has been argued to be moulting inhibition, but experimental results supporting this hypothesis are lacking. This study investigated the effect of etoxazole on chitin biosynthesis in the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Etoxazole induced moulting defects in fall armyworm larvae similar, if not identical, to those caused by benzoylphenylureas, a well-known class of insecticidal chitin biosynthesis inhibitors. Furthermore, in contrast to untreated larvae, the chitin content in the integuments of larvae several days after treatment did not differ from that in freshly ecdysed individuals, thus suggesting strong chitin biosynthesis inhibition in vivo. A more detailed investigation of the inhibitory potential by incubating cultured integument pieces from larvae of S. frugiperda with [14C]N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, a radiolabelled chitin precursor, revealed I50 values of 2.95 and 0.071 microM for etoxazole and triflumuron respectively. The incorporation of radiolabel into potassium hydroxide-resistant material was inhibited by etoxazole in a dose-dependent manner. Based on these results, it is concluded that the acaricidal and insecticidal mode of action of etoxazole is chitin biosynthesis inhibition.     

Mode of action of meturine

The effect of meturine on the light processes of photosynthesis was studied.Meturine is a herbicide for weed control in potato and cotton crops. It is a N-phenyl—N-hydroxy—N′-methylurea.The experiments were carried out on isolated pea and spinach chloroplasts.When examining photosystem I, reduced DPIP was used as an electron donor, whereas methyl-viologen served as an electron acceptor. When examining photosystem II, DPIP represented the electron acceptor.The obtained experimental results have pointed to the absence of the effect of meturine upon the photoreaction I.Unlike N-phenyl—N′, N′-dimethylureas (CMU, DCMU) meturine has been a very weak inhibitor of photoreaction II.The authors explain the photoreaction II inhibition of chloroplasts from plants treated with herbicidal doses of meturine by conversion of N-phenyl—N-hydroxy—N′-methylurea into Hill reaction inhibitor(s). N-Phenyl—N′-methylurea can be one of such meturine metabolites.Meturine herbicidal action is accounted for by meturine transformation into Hill reaction inhibitor(s) in the plant tissues.     

甲基硫菌灵标样的制备

本文介绍了用进口甲基硫菌灵样品，采用溶剂萃取，高速离心，重结晶，高效液相色谱，红外光谱等分析方法进行系统分离与鉴定，得到其标样的方法。