首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
丙草胺防治直播稻田杂草稻的技术研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
为了探寻对栽培稻安全的杂草稻防除技术,采用整株测定法研究了丙草胺对杂草稻的毒力及解草啶减轻丙草胺对栽培稻药害的应用技术,并通过田间试验检验了这一技术的安全性。结果表明:丙草胺在450g/hm2时,可显著抑制杂草稻和栽培稻的生长;采用30mg/L解草啶浸种48h,可显著减轻丙草胺对栽培稻的药害,随着丙草胺施药量的增加,解草啶的保护作用逐渐减弱。田间试验结果说明:用30mg/L解草啶浸种栽培稻48h,丙草胺的施药剂量在450~675g/hm2时对栽培稻安全;当丙草胺剂量为900g/hm2时,栽培稻产量显著下降。  相似文献   

2.
曹旦  戴伟民  强胜  宋小玲 《杂草科学》2011,29(3):14-21,29
无论何种杂草稻密度和移栽措施下,杂草稻生长受到明显抑制,栽培稻生长没有受到明显影响,移栽不仅较好地抑制了杂草稻的发生,同时保证水稻产量,使产量达到3 496.65 kg/hm2。旱直播对杂草稻出苗率影响较小,造成杂草稻密度过高,栽培稻产量严重降低,较移栽下降了1 011.15 kg/hm2。水直播对杂草稻出苗抑制作用要明显优于旱直播,使得杂草稻出苗率较旱直播下降9.14%,但是水直播对杂草稻出苗后的生长抑制不明显,使得杂草稻发生量达到1 219.35 kg/hm2,栽培稻产量仅为1 829.85 kg/hm2。随着杂草稻密度的增大,对自身种群的影响主要表现为个体地上部分干生物量显著降低和抽穗时间的推迟;其对栽培稻的影响主要表现在栽培稻剑叶宽、分蘖数、有效穗数、地上部分干生物量、穗长、每穗饱粒数、每穗总粒数、千粒重和实际产量等方面随着杂草稻密度的增加而逐渐降低。综合考虑各方面因素,可以在杂草稻发生较为严重的田块使用移栽措施,在杂草稻发生中等的田块使用水直播措施,并且适当提高栽培稻播种量。在杂草稻发生较少的田块使用旱直播措施,从而达到成本和收益的平衡。  相似文献   

3.
杂草稻造成栽培稻产量的损失主要表现为叶片间的相互竞争。争夺空间、争夺光照矛盾突出。杂草稻主茎叶片多于栽培稻,最大叶片长于栽培稻,最大叶片宽于栽培稻,叶片披散,形似杂交稻叶。如果在667 m2旱直播稻田接种2.5 kg粳性杂草稻籽,栽培稻上部全被杂草稻稻叶覆盖,栽培稻植株瘦黄、弱小,茎、蘖逐步退化消亡,造成基本绝产。  相似文献   

4.
    
Weedy rice is a conspecific weed of cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L.) and is a primary weed of direct‐seeded rice production systems worldwide. The shift in the method of establishing rice, that is, from transplanting to direct seeding, is considered the main reason for the emergence of weedy rice in Asia and, more recently, Japan. Japan has increasingly adopted directly seeded rice, even though this practice remains limited. In this study, I confirmed the relationship between weedy red rice emergence and the adoption of direct‐seeded rice in Japan. Twenty‐seven areas from eight prefectures infested with weedy rice were selected to confirm the relationship between the rice planting method and the emergence of weedy rice. Fields that were severely infested with weedy rice were selected as survey fields for this study. I found no relationship between the method of planting rice and weedy rice emergence. Changes to herbicide application, duration of rice production and hand weeding also contribute to the emergence of weedy rice in transplanted rice fields in Japan. The results of this study indicate that weedy rice could become a serious problem in Japan, even in transplanted rice fields.  相似文献   

5.
上海地区杂草稻种子主要分布在0~5 cm土层中,其次为5~10 cm的土层,分别占杂草稻种子库的67.02%和28.87%,不同土层深度中杂草稻种子越冬后的萌发率差异不显著,萌发率在33%~40%。随着土层深度增加,杂草稻种子越冬后出苗率逐渐降低,10 cm以上的杂草稻种子的出苗率均为0,且来源不同的杂草稻存在一定的差异;不同地点采集的杂草稻在室温条件下保存1~12个月均表现出较高的萌发率,但在土壤深埋的条件下,随着埋藏时间的延长不同地点采集的杂草稻萌发率逐渐降低,但是杂草稻萌发率下降速度显著低于水稻。  相似文献   

6.
广东省杂草稻防控技术初探   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
研究了不同防控技术对杂草稻的防控效果,结果表明:30%丙草胺乳油处理杂草稻株防效为14.27%~41.04%,1次50%瑞飞特乳油处理防效74.09%~91.15%;鲜重防效以2次处理最高;各处理水稻结实率增加9.53% ~11.55%,实际产量增加28.9%~68.8%.其中,以水稻浸种剂浸种+2次50%瑞飞特乳油处理的杂草稻防除效果最佳,水稻增产最显著.  相似文献   

7.
杂草稻对水稻生长及产量的影响   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
通过室内试验和田间试验明确了杂草稻对水稻生长、产量构成因子和产量的影响。水稻营养生长期,不同杂草稻密度对水稻基本苗、株高、单株鲜重、分蘖、倒二叶长与宽均没有影响。而水稻株高、有效穗数、穗长、一次枝梗数、穗粒数、千粒重、结实率、实际产量等均随杂草稻密度的增加而呈现下降趋势。杂草稻密度为1株/m2可导致水稻产量损失9.15%,当杂草稻密度达7株/m2时可导致水稻产量损失50%以上,杂草稻密度达到12株/m2时水稻产量损失可高达72.29%。  相似文献   

8.
噁草酮防除直播稻田杂草稻的施用技术   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
杨林  沈浩宇  强胜 《植物保护学报》2016,43(6):1033-1040
为确立噁草酮防除直播稻田杂草稻的施用技术,通过温室盆栽试验比较了噁草酮在不同土壤水分环境下对栽培稻的安全性及对杂草稻的防效,并在大田中比较了不同直播方式下其对杂草稻的防效及栽培稻产量的影响。结果表明,透气条件下,噁草酮对栽培稻的药害最低,但对杂草稻的防效也较差;饱和水分条件下对杂草稻防效较好,150 g(a.i.)/hm~2时其出苗率和鲜重的抑制率达89.61%和61.87%,超过450 g(a.i.)/hm~2时完全抑制出苗;但药后播种对栽培稻安全性较高,600 g(a.i.)/hm~2下对其出苗率和鲜重的抑制率仅分别为38.06%和39.96%,播后施药的药害较重,最低剂量150 g(a.i.)/hm~2时抑制率已分别达88.77%和45.52%;淹水条件下,虽对杂草稻有100%的防效,但也完全抑制栽培稻出苗。大田施用噁草酮300、450、600 g(a.i.)/hm~2,旱直播和水直播方式下杂草稻株防效分别为26.88%、43.54%、44.45%和84.88%、85.74%、90.92%;鲜重防效分别为11.58%、20.16%、27.33%和30.86%、53.68%、80.15%。旱直播和水直播方式下施用量分别超过450、300 g/hm~2时栽培稻产量显著增加。综合分析,推荐水直播整地后泥水状态施用300 g(a.i.)/hm~2噁草酮,水层落干后播种,保持土壤湿润且土表不出现水渍,栽培稻顺利出苗后及时上水且不淹没苗心为宜。  相似文献   

9.
通过田间试验初步研究采自上海市青浦区、浦东新区、嘉定区等地的籼型和偏籼型杂草稻以及采自崇明区的粳型杂草稻对水稻生长、产量构成因子和产量的影响。结果表明,在水稻营养生长期,不同籼型、偏籼型杂草稻密度对水稻基本苗、株高、单株鲜质量、分蘖数、倒二叶长、倒二叶宽均未有明显影响;而籼型和偏籼型杂草稻密度对产量构成因子有效穗数、穗长、一次枝梗数、穗粒数、千粒质量、结实率等均能产生一定影响,而粳型杂草稻只对水稻有效穗数、结实率、千粒质量等产生一定影响,实际产量等均随杂草稻密度的增加呈下降趋势。青浦区、浦东新区、嘉定区等地的籼型、偏籼型杂草稻和崇明区粳型杂草稻导致水稻产量损失50%时的密度分别为8.19、12.82、15.45、19.82株/m~2。  相似文献   

10.
    
Weedy rice is morphologically similar to cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L.). It has biological characteristics that identify it as a weed. Its important weedy characteristics, that is, early and heavy seed shattering, makes it very difficult to control. Weedy rice has not been reported to be an important weed problem in transplanted, flooded rice. However, the shift to direct‐seeded rice (DSR) due to water issues and high costs of labor has increased reports of weedy rice becoming an expanding important problem in Vietnam, Malaysia, Thailand, and the Philippines. Experts believe that the growing adoption of DSR in Asian countries will result in the rise of weedy rice as one of the top troublesome weeds in rice production. Early and recent surveys in the Philippines have indicated the urgent need to increase awareness of weedy rice among farmers to allow the implementation of a number of effective location‐specific weed management strategies. These surveys and other studies conducted since weedy rice was first reported in 1991 confirmed that weedy rice and grass weed species caused major problems in DSR areas. About 35% of the 4.56 M ha harvested area in the country is planted with DSR. As cultivated and weedy rice are close relatives, it would be very difficult to implement management options very early in crop growth. However, a deeper understanding of the underlying traits of weedy rice can help develop a holistic approach toward effective and economic weed management.  相似文献   

11.
在自然条件下,种植不同时间籼型杂交稻后改种常规粳稻,对粳稻田中的杂交稻自生苗展开调查,分析杂交稻自生苗中出现类似杂草稻的频率及其生物学性状,测定杂交稻自生苗对粳稻产量的影响.结果表明,在粳稻田中籼型杂交稻自生苗可以转变成类似杂草稻,即存在籼粳亚种间异交产生杂草稻的可能;连续种植杂交稻3年后改种常规粳稻田块的杂交稻自生苗密度最高,对常规粳稻产量的影响最大.  相似文献   

12.
杂草稻研究现状及利用展望   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
王黎明  陈勇 《植物保护》2009,35(5):14-17
杂草稻作为一种稻田伴生杂草,严重影响了水稻的产量和稻米品质。尤其是近年来随着直播稻的推广和机械化程度的提高,杂草稻的危害有加重的趋势。同时,杂草稻的抗逆性非常强,与水稻的亲缘关系也非常近,是一个极有利用价值的天然基因库,是水稻育种的宝贵资源。本文就杂草稻的生物学特性、分布、起源、分类、防除等方面的研究做了概述,并对其利用前景进行展望,提出了有待进一步深入研究的问题。  相似文献   

13.
东北地区稻田杂草稻发生情况调查   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
采用七级目测法于2009年7—9月对辽宁、黑龙江、吉林3省14个地区水稻田杂草稻的相对盖度、多度、高度进行了调查。结果表明,7月杂草稻发生相对较轻,综合值为2.00%~14.00%,密度为0.58~20.91株/100 m2;8—9月辽宁省、黑龙江省大部分地区杂草稻发生普遍加重,辽宁省营口、沈阳、盘锦地区,黑龙江省黑河、佳木斯地区杂草稻综合值较高,密度较大,其中黑河地区9月杂草稻发生危害重,综合值达到52.00%。  相似文献   

14.
东北稻区自生杂草稻在目前常用的稻田除草剂常规剂量处理下株防效为0,种子埋深10 cm以下才能控制其萌发出土,灌水深度10 cm对种子发芽没有明显的抑制作用.在秋季灌水条件下越冬的种子冻死率为100%,而在干燥态土壤中多数种子可安全越冬.  相似文献   

15.
    
BACKGROUND: The possibility of gene flow from transgenic crops to wild relatives may be affected by reproductive capacity between them. The potential gene flow from two transgenic rice lines containing the bar gene to five accessions of weedy rice (WR1–WR5) was determined through examination of reproductive compatibility under controlled pollination. RESULTS: The pollen grain germination of two transgenic rice lines on the stigma of all weedy rice, rice pollen tube growth down the style and entry into the weedy rice ovary were similar to self‐pollination in weedy rice. However, delayed double fertilisation and embryo abortion in crosses between WR2 and Y0003 were observed. Seed sets between transgenic rice lines and weedy rice varied from 8 to 76%. Although repeated pollination increased seed set significantly, the rank of the seed set between the weedy rice accessions and rice lines was not changed. The germination rates of F1 hybrids were similar or greater compared with respective females. All F1 plants expressed glufosinate resistance in the presence of glufosinate selection pressure. CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of gene flow between different weedy rice accessions and transgenic herbicide‐resistant rice may differ owing to different reproductive compatibility. This result suggests that, when wild relatives are selected as experimental materials for assessing the gene flow of transgenic rice, it is necessary to address the compatibility between transgenic rice and wild relatives. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

16.
杂草稻对粳稻生长及产量的影响   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
在同期播种情况下,和粳稻相比,杂草稻出苗时的叶片更肥长、营养生长期的植株更高、分蘖数多达4倍以上。不同生物型杂草稻的落粒性差异较大。杂草稻密度愈高对栽培粳稻的产量影响愈大。  相似文献   

17.
Weedy rice ( Oryza sativa f. spontanea ) is a problematic weed in the Thai Hom Mali rice production areas of Thung Kula Ronghai in north-eastern Thailand. There is a great need to initiate studies of weedy rice populations in order to perform basic studies to learn about the seed morphology and genetic diversity. The aims of this study were to determine the seed morphological traits and amylose content and to evaluate the genetic variation, based on the polymorphisms of nuclear and chloroplast DNA, of weedy rice. The seeds and flag leaves were collected from a total of 125 weedy rice plants at six rice fields in the region. For the samples, four morphological traits, the amylose content, and the chloroplast identity (ID) sequence and microsatellite genotypes at the waxy locus were determined. The weedy rice that was collected from the Thung Kula Ronghai region varied considerably in its amylose content and both the seed morphology and genotypes. Some of the weedy rice shared the common microsatellite alleles and chloroplast ID sequence with Thai Hom Mali and wild rice, Oryza rufipogon , indicating that the weedy rice in this region might originate from the introgression between cultivated rice and O. rufipogon , which often takes place in nature, mostly in a one-way process from cultivated rice to O. rufipogon.  相似文献   

18.
19.
江苏省江都市稻田黑褐色谷壳杂草稻种子主要集中在表层土壤,即0~2 cm的土层内,占黑褐色谷壳杂草稻种子数量的92.65%。在土壤种子库中,黑褐色谷壳杂草稻数量在严重危害田块是黄色谷壳稻的17.9倍,中等危害田块为1.58倍,轻度危害田块仅0.17倍。  相似文献   

20.
    
Weedy rice (Oryza spp.) is a notorious weed in direct-seeding paddy fields. Because it has anatomical and physiological traits similar to those of cultivated rice, no selective herbicide is effective in controlling weedy rice growing among conventional rice cultivars. Imidazolinone (IMI)-resistant rice lines JD372 and JJ818 have been planted with imazamox to control weedy rice in Jiangsu and Shanghai, China. Whole-plant dose–response analysis showed that imazamox exhibited high efficacy against three populations of weedy rice. The ED90 of weedy rice populations FN-5, GY-8, and HY-3 were 46.87, 61.43, and 52.17 g a.i. ha−1, respectively, close to the recommended field dose (50 g a.i. ha−1) of imazamox. Conversely, the ED10 values of JD372 and JJ818 were slightly lower than 50 g a.i. ha−1. These findings indicate that imazamox can control weedy rice production in JD372 and JJ818 fields. The acetolactate synthase (ALS) sensitivity of JD372 in vitro was 1714.89-fold lower to imazamox than was that of FN-5. ALS gene sequencing revealed a Ser653Asn point mutation—a common mutation that confers resistance to IMI herbicides in JD372. In addition, higher ALS expression levels in JD372 were found at 24 and 72 h after imazamox treatment. ALS overexpression might partially compensate for the ALS activity of JD372 that was suppressed by imazamox.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号