干旱区盐渍化荒地不同开垦年限土壤碳氮储量研究

在天山北坡绿洲区分别选取连续开垦3 a、8 a、15 a盐渍化棉田和未开垦的盐渍化荒地,采集0~10、10~20、20~40、40~60、60~100 cm土层土壤样品,测定土壤有机碳、全氮含量。结果表明:盐荒地开垦后棉田0~100 cm土层土壤有机碳含量随开垦年限呈逐渐增加的趋势;开垦后棉田土壤全N含量随开垦年限的增加而增加,但处理间无显著差异;盐荒地与开垦棉田土壤有机碳、全N含量随土层深度增加而降低,其中盐荒地不同土层间土壤有机碳含量差异显著,0~40 cm土层土壤有机碳、全N含量明显高于40 cm以下土层;开垦棉田土壤C/N随开垦年限的增加呈现增加的趋势,盐荒地和开垦棉田土壤C/N随土壤深度的增加而降低,二者之间差异不显著;开垦棉田土壤有机碳储量随开垦年限的增加呈先减少后增加的趋势。结论:干旱区盐荒地开垦后,棉田土壤有机碳、全N含量均随开垦年限的增加而增加,而土壤有机碳储量随开垦年限的增加先减小后增加。盐荒地与开垦棉田土壤有机碳和全N含量随土层深度增加而减少。     

黑河上游冰沟流域4种土壤有机碳分布特征与土壤特性的关系

为了探讨黑河上游冰沟流域不同土壤有机碳分布特征与土壤特性的关系,为黑河上游冰沟流域水源涵养研究提供科学依据,采用野外采样,室内分析方法,研究了4种土壤有机碳分布特征及其与土壤特性的关系。结果表明：4种土壤有机碳含量和密度在整个土壤剖面上均表现为：森林灰褐土＞高山灌丛草甸土＞高山草甸土＞山地栗钙土,且垂直分布均随土壤深度增加而减少,说明黑河上游冰沟流域的森林灰褐土比其它土壤更有利于土壤有机碳储存和积累。森林灰褐土0～10 cm土壤有机碳密度为4．54 kg·m-2,略高于我国森林土壤0～10 cm土壤平均碳密度（4．24 kg ·m-2）,说明黑河上游冰沟流域的森林灰褐土区雨量充沛,林下植被丰富,凋落物现存量充足。4种土壤0～10 cm土层有机碳含量是整个土壤剖面土壤有机碳含量的30．69％～37．99％,有机碳密度是整个土壤剖面有机碳密度的29．31％～36．77％,说明黑河上游冰沟流域土壤有机碳含量和有机碳密度在表层具有很强的表聚性,不合理的人为活动引发的水土流失极易造成土壤有机碳储量的减少,应增加黑河上游冰沟流域植被覆盖度,保护生态环境,减少水土流失。4种土壤有机碳、全氮、CEC、田间持水量、团聚体在整个土壤剖面上均随土层深度增加而降低,而土壤容重、pH值在整个土壤剖面上均随土层深度增加而增大。经回归统计分析,4种土壤有机碳含量与土壤田间持水量、团聚体、全氮、CEC之间呈显著的正相关关系,与土壤容重、pH之间呈显著的负相关关系。这种变化规律与多数学者研究结果基本一致。     

小针茅荒漠草原生长季表层土壤有机碳月动态及影响因素

以内蒙古苏尼特右旗小针茅荒漠草原两种主要草地类型为研究对象,选择典型样地,通过实地调查测定其5~9月生长季地上、地下生物量、土壤有机碳及土壤含水量,分析了小针茅荒漠草原生长季土壤有机碳的月动态,探讨了地下生物量、气温、降水及土壤含水量对土壤有机碳的影响。研究结果表明:1)小针茅荒漠草原两种草地型生长季土壤有机碳月变化趋势不同。小针茅+无芒隐子草草地生长季土壤有机碳月变化表现为从5月份开始逐渐降低,到9月份又略有增加,狭叶锦鸡儿-小针茅+无芒隐子草草地土壤有机碳月变化表现为5~7月增加,8月份降低,9月份又增加的趋势。2)小针茅荒漠草原5~9月生长季各月土壤有机碳含量差异不显著,0-10cm土层深度土壤有机碳含量低于10-20cm和20-30cm土层深度土壤有机碳含量。3)小针茅荒漠草原5~9月土壤有机碳含量与月降水量之间呈正相关关系,但不显著。而6~9月土壤有机碳含量与月降水量之间呈显著正相关关系。4)小针茅荒漠草原土壤有机碳受表层地下生物量影响较大,土壤有机碳含量与0~10cm土层地下生物量呈显著正相关。5)小针茅荒漠草原生长季土壤有机碳含量与月均温之间没有显著相关性,与0~10cm土壤含水量呈极显著正相关。     

塔里木盆地南缘典型绿洲不同土壤类型土壤有机碳含量及矿化特征

以塔里木盆地南缘典型绿洲于田绿洲为靶区,通过野外取样和实验分析,研究干旱区绿洲灌漠土、棕漠土、盐土和风沙土土壤有机碳含量及矿化特征,并探究有机碳矿化能力与土壤理化性质的关系。结果表明:于田绿洲不同类型土壤总有机碳含量依次为灌漠土>棕漠土>盐土>风沙土,灌漠土和棕漠土有机碳含量随土壤剖面深度增加而减少;不同类型土壤有机碳矿化累积量具有显著差异,其中灌漠土有机碳总矿化量最高,达到0.245g·kg~(-1),风沙土最低,仅有0.145g·kg~(-1);各类型土壤有机碳矿化累积量和矿化率均随土壤剖面深度增加而减少;不同类型土壤有机碳矿化累积量与有机碳含量、全氮、速效磷、速效钾呈极显著或显著正相关,而与pH值呈显著负相关。     

有机污染水灌溉对土壤有机碳状况的影响

以长期采用有机污染型水灌溉的陕西交口灌区的农田土壤作为研究对象,并以气候条件、土壤条件以及耕作制度基本一致,长期采用未污染的地下水灌溉的农田土壤作为对照,分别测定土壤剖面上总有机碳含量、有机碳组成等指标,结合第二次全国土壤普查资料,分析长期采用有机污染水灌溉对土壤有机碳累积速率及有机碳密度的影响,探讨关中土壤"环境碳容量"水平及提升土壤有机碳潜力的途径。结果表明:长期采用有机污染水灌溉,土壤有机碳主要在耕层(0~20 cm)极显著地增加,且增加部分主要是活性有机碳组分,其累积速率是对照灌区的近3倍,非活性有机碳处于相对平衡状态。土壤有机碳的剖面分布发生了明显的分化现象,活性有机碳的变化比总有机碳的变化更为显著。有机污染水灌溉的土壤有机碳密度显著高于对照土壤,尤其在0~40 cm范围内其差异达极显著水平。结果证实渭河水中富含的有机污染物提升了灌溉农田土壤有机碳贮量,关中地区农田土壤环境碳容量仍未达到饱和水平,通过外源有机碳的输入,仍然有增加土壤有机碳含量的可能。     

盐化灰漠土开垦前后碳存贮与碳释放的分层特征

对盐化灰漠土开垦前后土壤有机碳贮量与碳释放的分层特征进行对比研究。结果表明:与荒漠土壤相比,农田表层(0~20 cm)土壤有机碳含量减少了27%,但20~250 cm土层有机碳含量与贮量显著增加,使得总有机碳贮量(0~250 cm)增加了57%。同时,在0~60 cm土层农田土壤碳释放速率也显著高于荒漠,而在底层(60~250 cm)两者则无明显差异。农田土壤有机碳在表层以消耗为主;中层(20~60 cm)有机碳库受碳存贮与消耗作用的共同控制,但存贮作用更为强烈,该层土壤有机碳量有明显累积;底层(60~250 cm)有机碳以存贮为主,较为稳定。此外,荒漠与农田底层土壤有机碳均在65%以上,碳释放比重达到71%,显示了盐化灰漠土底层土壤碳循环的重要性。开垦使得盐化灰漠土土壤碳库表层流失,但全剖面总碳库明显增加。     

密度调控对华北落叶松人工林土壤有机碳及养分特征的影响

以华北落叶松人工林为对象,研究不同林分密度下(分别为740、1480、2000和2170株.hm-2)各土层的土壤有机碳含量、有机碳密度、养分特征以及它们之间的相关关系。结果表明:土壤有机碳含量及碳密度随着土壤深度增加而减少,呈明显的垂直分布特征;当林分密度增大到2170株.hm-2时,土壤有机碳含量及碳密度显著增加至最大,分别为25.45g.kg-1和15.68kg.m-2,并与740株.hm-2林地土壤有机碳含量及碳密度差异显著。当林分密度由740株.hm-2增加到2170株.hm-2时,各种养分变化规律不尽一致,但当林分密度为2170株.hm-2时,0-60cm深度的土壤全氮、全磷及速效钾含量均保持在一个相对较高的水平,而土壤全钾和有效磷含量仅在0-20cm土层较高。对于落叶松人工林地整个土壤剖面,土壤有机碳含量及碳密度与土壤全氮、全磷、速效钾含量均呈显著或极显著正相关。从林地土壤固碳的角度,建议将华北落叶松人工林的林分密度控制在2170株.hm-2。     

黄土丘陵区人工刺槐林恢复对土壤碳库动态的影响

采用样地调查与室内实验分析相结合的方法,以黄土丘陵区不同林龄人工刺槐林地为对象,探讨人工植被恢复对土壤有机碳密度、无机碳密度、总碳密度及其剖面分布的影响。结果表明:相对于坡耕地,刺槐林恢复过程中,0~100 cm土层有机碳密度先减少后增加最后趋于稳定,其开始增加的时间滞后于植物生长期,变化范围为2.57~3.69 kg·m-2。0~20 cm土层土壤有机碳显著增加,占整个土壤剖面有机碳储量的28.8%~39.5%;0~100 cm土层土壤剖面无机碳密度,随林龄增加呈波动变化,变化范围为16.65~20.30 kg·m-2。0~20 cm土层土壤无机碳具有一定的脱钙现象,整个剖面无机碳库储量约为有机碳库的4.5~7.1倍,0~100 cm土层无机碳储量在总碳中所占比例为81.9%~89.4%。总体来看,0~100 cm土层总碳库随人工植被恢复无明显增加,甚至略微下降。表明评估研究区植被恢复土壤碳库效应时,应充分考虑土壤有机碳库和无机碳库的变化。     

短期N、P添加对荒漠草原土壤非保护性有机碳的影响

以干旱、半干旱地区荒漠草原土壤为研究对象,研究N、P养分添加对荒漠草原0~30 cm土层土壤颗粒有机碳和轻组有机碳含量、分配比例、敏感指数的影响,探讨荒漠草原土壤非保护性有机碳分配比例及其向保护性有机碳的转化速率对N、P添加的响应。研究结果表明:短期N、P添加能促进荒漠草原表层土壤(0~10 cm)土壤颗粒有机碳和轻组有机碳的积累,分别使其增加了50%~70%、15%~31%。短期N、P添加显著增加土壤非保护性有机碳分配比例(25%~52%),而降低了土壤非保护性有机碳向保护性有机碳转化速率常数(24%~42%)。荒漠草原土壤有机碳主要以非保护性有机碳形式储存,短期N、P添加通过影响土壤非保护性有机碳分配比例,使土壤肥力提高,土壤有机碳的活性组分增加,不利于土壤有机碳的稳定。     

华山松人工林土壤碳密度及其影响因子

探讨华山松人工林土壤有机碳含量和有机碳密度以及土壤有机碳密度的主要影响因子,为科学评估华山松人工林固碳能力提供依据。在云南玉溪磨盘山森林公园内选择处于中林龄、近成熟林和成熟林的华山松人工林,设置样地并记录样地信息,并取0-60cm土层土样,在实验室测定不同土层的有机碳含量及碳密度。运用主成分分析对华山松林地内的植被因子、地形因子和土壤理化因子进行评价。华山松人工林由中龄林-近熟林-成熟林的发育进程中,土壤有机碳含量和有机碳密度都表现为近成熟林(28.76g·kg-1,128.87t·hm-2)>中林龄(25.70g·kg-1,124.34t·hm-2)>成熟林(25.61g·kg-1,117.49 t·hm-2)。3种林分土壤有机碳含量和有机碳密度都是随土壤深度的增加而逐渐降低。主成分分析表明林木的平均胸径、平均树高、海拔、碳氮比和全氮含量是影响土壤有机碳密度的主导因子。华山松人工林土壤有机碳具有明显的表聚现象,减少人为的不必要干扰,在一定程度上有利于土壤固定更多的碳。     

祁连山排露沟流域青海云杉林土壤养分和pH变化特征

祁连山北坡中山带森林灰褐土是生长青海云杉的集中地带。选择排露沟流域海拔2 900～3 300 m的青海云杉林为研究对象,每隔100 m海拔梯度设置3个调查样地,研究青海结果表明：① 在海拔梯度上,0~40 cm土层土壤有机质、全氮及全磷平均含量高海拔处高于低海拔,而且高海拔与低海拔差异显著（P<0.05）;土壤全钾和速效钾含量则是高海拔低于低海拔,差异亦显著（P<0.05）;速效磷含量随海拔升高没有明显的变化规律,而且海拔间差异不显著（P<0.05）;土壤pH随海拔的升高不断减小,但是海拔间的差异不显著（P＞0.05）。 ② 在不同土层深度,0~10 cm土层土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、速效磷和速效钾平均含量均大于10~20 cm和20~40 cm土层,而且0~10 cm土层含量显著大于20~40 cm土层（P<0.05）;土壤pH和全钾含量则随土层深度增加,pH在0~10 cm土层与20~40 cm差异显著（P<0.05）,但全钾含量在不同土层差异均不显著（P＞0.05）。 ③ 在碳、氮、磷、钾营养元素循环中,土壤pH和土壤有机质是影响青海云杉群落养分供应的首要限制因子。     

贺兰山西坡不同类型草地土壤酶活性特征

以阿拉善左旗境内贺兰山中段（西坡）山前地带的主要草地类型为对象，分析不同类型草地土壤酶活性的分布特征，及其与气候、植被和土壤等环境因子的关系。结果表明：① 随着海拔高度的降低，土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、碱性磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶活性表现为：高山草甸＞山地草原＞山地荒漠草原＞草原化荒漠，且在0～10 cm土层的差异尤其显著；② 各类草地土壤酶活性均沿土壤垂直剖面依次降低，差异呈显著性水平；③ 偏相关及逐步回归分析表明，影响该区草地土壤脲酶和蔗糖酶活性最主要的因素为土壤微生物碳氮、有机碳和全氮，碱性磷酸酶主要受土壤微生物碳和全氮影响，对过氧化氢酶影响最大的因子为土壤微生物碳、pH、全氮和降水量。     

Influence of tourist disturbance on soil properties,plant communities,and surface water quality in the Tianchi scenic area of Xinjiang,China

The impact of tourist disturbance on the environment has become a focal issue of environmental science, ecology, and travel management studies. To assess the influence of tourist disturbance on soils and plants in the Tianchi scenic area of Xinjiang, China, we compared soil properties and plant community characteristics at 0, 5, 10, and 20 m from the tourist trail within areas at three different altitudes, where the intensities of tourist disturbance are distinct. Surface water quality was also studied at three different levels relative to the Tianchi Lake. The results showed that tourist disturbance significantly increased soil p H within 10 m from the trail and soil bulk density on the edge of the trail, but significantly reduced soil organic matter and total nitrogen contents within 5 m from the trail. The number of tree seedlings on the edge of the trail and the shrub coverage and height of herbaceous plants within 5 m from the trail significantly decreased due to tourist disturbance. Changes in herbaceous plant diversity differed by soil zones. In the high altitude region, tourist disturbance led to a remarkable increase in the herbaceous plant diversity on the edge of the trail, while in the low altitude region, tourist disturbance had a low impact on the diversity of herbaceous plants. In addition, tourist activities polluted the surface water, significantly reducing water quality. Thus, current tourist activities have a significant negative impact on the ecological environment in the Tianchi scenic area.     

覆盖方式对旱作小麦田土壤团聚体有机碳的影响

依托中国科学院长武黄土高原农业生态实验站的长期覆盖试验,分析研究秸秆覆盖和地膜覆盖对黄土高原旱作冬小麦田土壤团聚体分布和团聚体有机碳的影响,共包括4种处理:无覆盖(CK)、全年9 000 kg·hm~(-2)秸秆覆盖(M_(9000))、全年4 500 kg·hm~(-2)秸秆覆盖(M_(4500))和全年地膜覆盖(PM)。结果表明:(1)与CK处理相比,M_(9000)处理土壤总有机碳含量提高8.1%(P0.05),M_(4500)和PM处理较CK处理无显著差异。(2)M_(9000)、M_(4500)处理0.25 mm团聚体含量较CK处理分别提高6.6%、4.1%,PM处理降低1.7%。(3)与CK处理相比,M_(9000)处理平均重量直径(MWD)值提高9.2%,PM处理降低14.8%;M_(9000)处理几何平均直径(GMD)提高13.0%,PM处理降低15.7%(P0.05)。(4)土壤总有机碳与0.25 mm团聚体含量、MWD和GMD值呈显著正相关。(5)各处理中,5 mm和0.25 mm团聚体中有机碳含量较高;M_(9000)处理可不同程度地提高各级别团聚体中有机碳的含量,PM处理作用不明显;土壤有机碳主要储存在机械稳定性大团聚体中,且5 mm团聚体对总有机碳的贡献率最大,M_(9000)、M_(4500)处理可提高0.25 mm团聚体有机碳的贡献率。(6)各处理土壤总有机碳与5 mm和0.25 mm机械稳定性团聚体中有机碳呈极显著正相关。因此,长期秸秆覆盖不仅可以提升团聚体水平和稳定性,还可增加团聚体中有机碳含量,有利于土壤有机碳的固定。该区全年9 000 kg·hm~(-2)秸秆覆盖处理效果最好。     

基于GIS的藏东横断山区土壤侵蚀分布特征研究

利用ARC/INFO的空间分析与统计分析功能,从海拔、坡度、土壤以及土地利用四个方面,对藏东横断山区土壤侵蚀的空间分布特征进行了研究。结果表明:(1)从总体上来讲,三江河谷地带水蚀较强;山体中部以微度侵蚀为主,而森林采伐迹地土壤侵蚀严重;海拔4500m以上地带,冻融侵蚀严重。(2)不同的海拔与坡度等级下,4000-5000m与25°-35°土壤侵蚀最强。(3)水力侵蚀主要发生在褐土与灰褐土土壤类型,冻融侵蚀主要发生在寒冻土、黑毡土以及草毡土土壤类型。(4)土壤侵蚀主要发生在草地和林地,低覆盖草地上冻融侵蚀尤为严重。通过土壤侵蚀分布特征的研究,为土壤侵蚀防治对策提供科学依据。     

阿尔泰山西北部垂直带谱中土壤有机氮素分布

阿尔泰山西北部垂直带谱中的土壤有机氮素,同土壤腐殖质一样表现为非连续性的特征转化系列。在干旱气候带,土壤的全氮量随海拔升高到黑钙土增加至10倍。土壤中酸不溶态氮相对含量也持续增加,而氨基酸和氨基糖态氮含量下降。胡敏酸中酸不溶态氮和氨基酸态氮也表现出类似的变化趋势。冷一湿气候带中土壤胡敏酸的未鉴定态氮相对含量明显地多于干旱气候带,而干旱气候带中土壤胡敏酸的酸不溶态氮量显著地高于冷—湿气候带。土壤和其胡敏酸中氮素形态分布,与垂直带谱中土壤的腐殖质化过程紧密相关,随腐殖质化度的增加,酸不溶态氮相对含量提高,而氨基酸态氮和氨基糖态氮量下降。胡敏酸中氨基糖态氮含量甚微。     

Spatial distribution of soil moisture,salinity and organic matter in Manas River watershed,Xinjiang,China

With the classical statistical and geostatistical methods,the study of the spatial distribution and its influence factors of soil water,salinity and organic matter was carried out for 0-70 cm soil layers in Manas River watershed.The results showed that the soil moisture data from all soil layers exhibited a normal distribution,with average values of 14.08%-21.55%.Geostatistical analysis revealed that the content of soil moisture had a moderate spatial autocorrelation with the ratios of nugget/sill ranging from 0.500 to 0.718,which implies that the spatial pattern of soil moisture is influenced by the combined effects of structural factors and random factors.Remarkable spatial distributions with stripped and mottled features were found for soil moisture in all different soil layers.The landform and crop planting had a relatively big influence on the spatial distribution of soil moisture;total soil salinity was high in east but low in west,and non-salinized soil and lightly salinized soil appeared at the northwest and southwest of the study area.Under the effect of reservoir leakage,the heavily salinized soils are widely distributed in the middle of the study area.The areas of the non-salinized and lightly salinized soils decreased gradually with soil depth increment,which is contrary to the case for saline soils that reached a maximum of 245.67 km2 at the layer of 50-70 cm.The types of soil salinization in Manas River watershed were classified into four classes:the sulfate,chloride-sulfate,sulfate-chloride and chloride.The sulfate salinized soil is most widely distributed in the surface layer.The areas of chloride-sulfate,sulfate-chloride,and chloride salinized soils increased gradually along with the increment of soil depth;the variation range of the average values of soil organic matter content was between 7.48%-11.33%.The ratios of nugget/sill reduced gradually from 0.698 to 0.299 with soil depth increment,which shows that the content of soil organic matter has a moderate spatial autocorrelation.The soil organic matter in all soil layers met normal distribution after logarithmic transformation.The spatial distribution patterns of soil organic matter and soil moisture were similar;the areas with high organic matter contents were mainly distributed in the south of the study area,with the lowest contents in the middle.     

Leaf stoichiometry of Leontopodium lentopodioides at high altitudes on the northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,China

Altitude affects leaf stoichiometry by regulating temperature and precipitation, and influencing soil properties in mountain ecosystems. Leaf carbon concentration (C), leaf nitrogen concentration (N), leaf phosphorous concentration (P), and their stoichiometric ratios of Leontopodium lentopodioides (Willd.) Beauv., a widespread species in degraded grasslands, were investigated to explore its response and adaptation strategy to environmental changes along four altitude gradients (2500, 3000, 3500, and 3800 m a.s.l.) on the northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP), China. The leaf C significantly varied but without any clear trend with increasing altitude. Leaf N showed an increasing trend, and leaf P showed a little change with increasing altitude, with a lower value of leaf P at 3500 m than those at other altitudes. Similarity, leaf C:P and N:P exhibited a little change with increasing altitude, which both had greater values at 3500 m than those at other altitudes. However, leaf C:N exhibited a decreasing trend with increasing altitude. Soil NH+ 4-N, soil pH, soil total phosphorus (STP), mean annual temperature (MAT), and mean annual precipitation (MAP) were identified as the main factors driving the variations in leaf stoichiometry of L. lentopodioides across all altitudes, with NH+ 4-N alone accounting for 50.8% of its total variation. Specifically, leaf C and N were mainly controlled by MAT, soil pH, and NH+ 4-N, while leaf P by MAP and STP. In the study area, it seems that the growth of L. lentopodioides may be mainly limited by STP. The results could help to strengthen our understanding of the plasticity of plant growth to environmental changes and provide new information on global grassland management and restoration.     

Variation of soil physical-chemical characteristics in salt-affected soil in the Qarhan Salt Lake,Qaidam Basin

Soil salinization has adverse effects on the soil physical-chemical characteristics.However,little is known about the changes in soil salt ion concentrations and other soil physical-chemical characteristics within the Qarhan Salt Lake and at different soil depths in the surrounding areas.Here,we selected five sampling sites(S1,S2,S3,S4,and S5)alongside the Qarhan Salt Lake and in the Xidatan segment of the Kunlun Mountains to investigate the relationship among soil salt ion concentrations,soil physical-chemical characteristics,and environmental variables in April 2019.The results indicated that most sites had strongly saline and very strongly saline conditions.The main salt ions present in the soil were Na⁺,K⁺,and Cl^-.Soil nutrients and soil microbial biomass(SMB)were significantly affected by the salinity(P<0.05).Moreover,soil salt ions(Na⁺,K⁺,Ca2+,Mg²⁺,Cl^-,CO₃^2-,SO₄^2-,and HCO₃^-)were positively correlated with electrical conductivity(EC)and soil water content(SWC),but negatively related to altitude and soil depth.Unlike soil salt ions,soil nutrients and SMB were positively correlated with altitude,but negatively related to EC and SWC.Moreover,soil nutrients and SMB were negatively correlated with soil salt ions.In conclusion,soil nutrients and SMB were mainly influenced by salinity,and were related to altitude,soil depth,and SWC in the areas from the Qarhan Salt Lake to the Xidatan segment.These results imply that the soil quality(mainly evaluated by soil physical-chemical characteristics)is mainly influenced by soil salt ions in the areas surrounding the Qarhan Salt Lake.Our results provide an accurate prediction of how the soil salt ions,soil nutrients,and SMB respond to the changes along a salt gradient.The underlying mechanisms controlling the soil salt ion distribution,soil nutrients,and SMB in an extremely arid desert climate playa should be studied in greater detail in the future.     

禁牧对祁连山冰沟流域高山草甸土有机碳及理化性质和酶活性的影响

在青海省祁连山冰沟流域的高山草甸土上,选择放牧与禁牧2个样品采集区,研究了禁牧对祁连山冰沟流域高山草甸土有机碳及理化性质和酶活性的影响。结果表明:高山草甸土遭到放牧牲畜连续3年的啃食和践踏后,植被覆盖度明显降低,归还到土壤中的生物量和枯落物积累量减少,0~20 cm土层有机质含量、有机碳密度、总孔隙度、团聚体、田间持水量、氮磷钾和酶活性降低,容重、CaCO_3和可溶性盐增加,但20 cm以下土层这些性质变化不大。放牧与禁牧比较,0~20 cm土层土壤容重、可溶性盐和CaCO_3分别增加14.15%、6.35%和1.27%;有机碳含量、有机碳密度、总孔隙度、团聚体和田间持水量分别降低29.76%、22.82%、9.45%、6.49%和7.69%;全氮、全磷、全钾、脲酶、蔗糖酶、磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶分别降低25.97%、15.56%、12.17%、33.77%、26.11%、42.00%、29.31%。放牧对有机碳、容重、孔隙度、田间持水量、可溶性盐、氮磷钾和酶活性影响深度为20 cm,对团聚体影响深度为40 cm。