海南豇豆蓟马发生为害调查及蓝板监测技术研究

系统调查了海南豇豆蓟马的种类和发生为害情况。结果表明,为害海南豇豆的主要有豆大蓟马和花蓟马两种。其中,豆大蓟马可在豇豆整个生育期为害,而花蓟马仅在豇豆花期为害。豇豆开花后,两种蓟马的发生为害情况与作物布局和种植结构以及防治水平密切相关。但总体而言,以豆大蓟马为害为主。同时,还对蓟马在豇豆上的种群消长动态进行了监测,初步分析了其在自然条件下的种群消长规律。     

银杏茶黄蓟马为害特性观察与防治技术研究

对郯城县银杏茶黄蓟马发生为害特性的系统调查研究和药剂防治试验,明确了该虫的发生为害特点和年生活史,并提出了施药次数和药剂防治的适期。     

2011年新疆博州棉蚜发生为害特点分析

笔者于2003年至2011年对新疆博州地区棉蚜进行了系统调查.调查发现,自2003年棉蚜暴发为害后,棉田棉蚜由秋蚜为害为主转变为以伏蚜为害为主,秋蚜发生为害减轻;如果棉蚜为害高峰期提前至6月中旬前后,则造成为害损失重.6～7月时晴时雨天气过程利于棉蚜发生,而7月底有少量降雨过程就会导致棉蚜种群数量迅速消退.做好棉蚜系统调查工作,及时预报棉蚜发生高峰期,抓好点片防治及联防统治工作,可有效防控棉蚜发生为害.     

云南石榴蓟马种类组成及其种群动态

2007-2008年对云南甜石榴和酸石榴两种石榴上蓟马种类及其种群动态进行了系统调查、标本采集、种类鉴定。结果表明,为害石榴的蓟马有10种,分别为西花蓟马(Frankliniella occidentalis)、丽花蓟马(F.intonsa)、黄蓟马(Thripsflavus)、黄胸蓟马(T.hawaiiensis)、棕榈蓟马(T.palmi)、烟蓟马(T.tabaci)、茶黄硬蓟马(Scirto-thrips dorsalis)、端大蓟马(Megalurothrips distalis)、华简管蓟马(Haplothrips chinensis)和Thripssp.,其中西花蓟马是云南石榴蓟马的优势种。不同石榴品种上蓟马种类不同,甜石榴上有西花蓟马、丽花蓟马、黄蓟马、棕榈蓟马、烟蓟马、黄胸蓟马、端大蓟马、茶黄硬蓟马和蓟马属1种,酸石榴上蓟马种类有西花蓟马、丽花蓟马、黄蓟马、棕榈蓟马、烟蓟马、端大蓟马、茶黄硬蓟马、华简管蓟马和蓟马属1种,黄胸蓟马仅在甜石榴上发生为害。在石榴不同生育时期,发生为害不同,其中成虫和若虫集中为害花,造成麻点特征。     

瓜蓟马在西瓜上大发生原因分析及综防措施

西瓜是夏季降温解暑的重要果品,倍受消费者青睐.近年来,郧县随着农业结构的全面调整,西瓜生产有了很大发展,2005年西瓜种植面积达到200 hm2,但是每667 m2平均产量只有1 250kg.从2003年起连续3年的调查结果表明,影响西瓜产量的主要因素是瓜蓟马为害.2004年以来,西瓜上瓜蓟马发生面积2 000 hm2,防治面积3 333万hm2次,挽回西瓜损失5 000t,但实际损失仍然超过1 000t,给瓜农造成经济损失100万元.为了找准瓜蓟马在连续3年大发生的原因和综防技术,我站做了系统观察和防治试验,为防治瓜蓟马的发生为害摸索出了成功经验.     

枝江市农作物上烟粉虱发生为害初步调查

烟粉虱,属同翅目,粉虱科。2004年在枝江市蔬菜上零星出现,随后发生量逐年上升,寄主种类不断扩大。2005～2007年我们对烟粉虱的发生为害情况进行了系统调查监测,现将调查结果报告如下：     

大蒜主要害虫的危害及发生规律调查

从1990年到1999年对我省不同地区,不同土壤类型及不同种植方式的大蒜进行系统调查研究及室内饲养观察,基本摸清了大蒜主要害虫的危害情况及发生规律,大蒜播种至整个生育期以韭菜迟眼蕈蚊、豌豆植潜蝇、葱蝇、蓟马类等为害较重、贮藏期以刺足根螨、腐食酪螨,郁金香瘿螨危害重。     

三亚市冬季瓜菜豇豆蓟马预测方法和绿色防控技术初探

根据对2011年至2012年三亚市冬季瓜菜豇豆上蓟马的发生为害调查与分析,采取类推法预测,明确了豇豆种植全生育期均可受到蓟马的为害。蓟马发生为害高峰期在豇豆种植后的当年12月至翌年3月初。若遇高温、干旱气候蓟马发生程度将偏重,而遇多雨季节则较轻。可利用五点取样挂蓝板(每点挂5片,规格为25 cm×30 cm)进行监测。当蓝板上诱导的蓟马数量平均达到10头/片时即为田间豇豆蓟马的防治适期,并根据蓟马发生规律总结出豇豆不同生育期绿色防控措施。     

入侵害虫西花蓟马的生物学、为害及防治技术

西花蓟马(Frankliniella occidentalis)最早发生于北美地区,现已广泛分布于世界各地,是园艺作物最重要的害虫之一。早在1996年,西花蓟马就被我国农业部列为进境植物检疫潜在的危险性害虫。2003年夏季西花蓟马在北京部分保护地首次发现。该文从分布及为害、寄主植物、生物学特性和防治方法4个方面对该害虫进行了概述。入侵害虫西花蓟马的生物学、为害及防治技术@吴青君$中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所!北京100081     

黄蓟马在河南周口地区秋田大发生

黄蓟马在河南周口地区秋田大发生黄蓟马（ＴｈｒｉｐｓｆｌａｖｕｓＳｃｈｒａｎｋ）又叫节瓜蓟马、瓜亮蓟马等。过去该虫在河南豫东地区极少发生，近几年虽偶有发生，但为害很轻，到１９９６年８～９月间在周口地区暴发成灾。其发生面积之大，分布范围之广，为害程度之重...     

竹醋液对西方花蓟马的忌避作用

竹醋液是竹炭加工过程中的副产品,为纯天然产品,在农业上有着广泛的应用。本文在室外笼罩环境下研究了竹醋液对豆株上西方花蓟马成虫的忌避作用。结果显示:竹醋液的不同浓度和同一浓度下的不同处理时间,对西方花蓟马成虫的忌避作用有显著差异。浓度增加显著地提高了竹醋液对西方花蓟马成虫的忌避作用,而忌避作用随时间的延长而逐渐降低。质量分数为2.06%和1.03%的竹醋液对西方花蓟马成虫有明显的忌避作用,前者在使用后10d时其忌避显著下降。本文同时探讨了竹醋液在西方花蓟马控制上应用的可能性。     

花粉和植物不同生长阶段对西花蓟马种群的影响

在凤仙花的Impulse Orange和Cajun Carmine品种上开展了花粉和植物不同生长阶段对西花蓟马种群的影响。结果表明:在植物未开花前,添加花粉和不添加花粉西花蓟马的种群数量差异显著,添加花粉能显著增加两个品种上西花蓟马的种群数量,其西花蓟马数量分别为174.50、43.67头,而未添加花粉时分别为138.33头和27.00头。在植物开花后,添加花粉对西花蓟马的种群数量虽有一定影响,但差异不显著。植物不同生长发育阶段对西花蓟马的种群数量影响很大,无论是添加花粉还是不添加花粉,在两个品种上均表现为开花后的数量显著大于开花前的数量,说明凤仙花植物本身的花对西花蓟马种群的迅速增长影响很大。     

Verbena as a trap crop to suppress thrips-transmitted Tomato spotted wilt virus in chrysanthemums

The effect of verbena as a trap crop on the occurrence of western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis, and the incidence of Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) in chrysanthemums were investigated. Verbena cvs. Pink Parfait and/or Fancy Parfait were cultivated alongside chrysanthemum cv. Jimba in a greenhouse in the proportion of 17%–25% of the chrysanthemum plants. Verbena plants attracted vector thrips, reducing western flower thrips colonization of chrysanthemum until flower bud initiation, and markedly suppressing TSWV incidence on chrysanthemums until flowering. Significant quantities of linalool oxide pyran were produced by the flower of cv. Fancy Parfait; and the ratio of cis-linalool oxide pyran, an attractant for vector thrips, to the trans-type was approximately 1 : 5. Our results suggest that cultivation of verbena as a trap crop may be useful in integrated pest management programs as a control for thrips-transmitted TSWV in chrysanthemums.     

西藏发现重要外来入侵害虫——西花蓟马

西花蓟马是一种世界性的重要害虫,中国大陆地区2003年首次在北京发现并报道.作者对拉萨市区及堆龙德庆县蔬菜上采集到的蓟马进行形态学和分子生物学鉴定,证明此种蓟马为西花蓟马,这是西花蓟马在西藏发生的首次报道.     

基于生物防治的西花蓟马治理及思考

西花蓟马Frankliniella occidentalis(Pergande)是世界性的大害虫,对温室中蔬菜花卉造成巨大的危害。20世纪70年代后在世界范围内广泛而迅速地传播蔓延,近年入侵中国。西花蓟马对农药产生了广泛的抗性,使得生物防治一直作为其综合治理中的主导措施。本文综述了世界上西花蓟马生物防治的现状,以期为中国西花蓟马的治理提供一定的借鉴作用。     

Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) integrated pest management programs for fruiting vegetables in Florida

BACKGROUND: The spread of the western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), resulted in the worldwide destabilization of established integrated pest management programs for many crops. Efforts to control the pest and the thrips‐vectored tospoviruses with calendar applications of broad‐spectrum insecticides have been unsuccessful. The result has been a classic ‘3‐R’ situation: resistance to numerous insecticides; resurgence of the western flower thrips populations as a result of natural predators and native competitor thrips being eliminated; replacement by various other pests. This paper reports on integrated pest management programs for fruiting vegetables that are effective, economical, ecologically sound and sustainable. RESULTS: The components include the following: define pest status (economic thresholds); increase biotic resistance (natural enemies and competition); integrate preventive and therapeutic tactics (scouting, ultraviolet‐reflective technologies, biological control, compatible insecticides, companion plants and fertility); vertically integrate the programs with other pests; continually communicate latest science‐based management tactics with end‐users. CONCLUSION: These programs have been widely implemented in Florida and have significantly improved the management of western flower thrips and thrips‐transmitted viruses. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

西花蓟马传播病毒病的研究进展

西花蓟马［Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande)］是一种世界性的重要农业害虫,目前在69个国家和地区已有报道。西花蓟马能以持久性的方式传播番茄斑萎病毒属(Tospovirus)的病毒,所传播病毒造成的经济损失远远大于其本身所造成的损失。因此,许多学者对西花蓟马及其传播的番茄斑萎病毒属病毒进行了大量研究。本文主要综述了近年来西花蓟马传播病毒的种类、番茄斑萎病毒属病毒的结构以及西花蓟马的传毒机制等方面的研究进展。     

Tomato spotted wilt virus Infection Improves Host Suitability for Its Vector Frankliniella occidentalis

ABSTRACT The effect of Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) infection on plant attractiveness for the western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) was studied. Significantly more thrips were recovered on infected than were recovered on noninfected pepper (Capsicum annuum) plants in different preference tests. In addition, more offspring were produced on the virus-infected pepper plants, and this effect also was found for TSWV-infected Datura stramonium. Thrips behavior was minimally influenced by TSWV-infection of host plants with only a slight preference for feeding on infected plants. Offspring development was positively affected since larvae hatched earlier from eggs and subsequently pupated faster on TSWV-infected plants. These results show a mutualistic relationship between F. occidentalis and TSWV.     

北京地区发现番茄斑萎病毒

通过采用特异快速试纸条以及进一步的RT-PCR和序列测定证实,在北京局部地区的辣椒和茄子上已发生番茄斑萎病毒,这两种作物上同时发生的蓟马种类主要为西花蓟马,并且携带该病毒。番茄斑萎病毒病是极其危险的一种病害,可对作物造成毁灭性灾害。建议有关部门立即采取相应的预防与管理措施,防止其扩散蔓延。     

Mechanisms conferring resistance of Western flower thrips to bendiocarb

Mechanisms associated with bendiocarb resistance were examined in two strains of western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), that differed in their susceptibility to this carbamate by 13.6-fold. No appreciable differences between the two strains in [¹⁴C] bendiocarb penetration and excretion were detected; however, bendiocarb was metabolised substantially faster by the resistant KCM thrips than by the more susceptible UMC thrips. No appreciable difference between the two strains was found in the sensitivity of acetylcholinesterase activity to inhibition by bendiocarb. It was concluded that bendiocarb resistance in KCM western flower thrips was due to enhanced metabolism that probably was mainly oxidative in nature.