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1.
干旱区不同类型盐碱地土壤微生物碳源代谢活性研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
本研究通过运用Biolog技术,对新疆不同类型盐碱地土壤微生物群落特征进行研究,探讨不同盐碱土壤对微生物碳源代谢和微生物群落的影响。结果表明:不同类型盐碱土壤微生物碳源利用能力存在差异,表现为:碳酸盐型>硝酸盐型>氯化-硫酸盐型>硫酸盐型。主成分分析(PCA)表明,碳水化合物类和羧酸类是造成碳源利用分异的主要碳源。微生物Shannon指数(H)多样性由大到小为:碳酸盐群落>氯化-硫酸盐群落>硝酸盐群落>硫酸盐群落,在Simpson指数(D)和McIntosh指数(U)上硫酸盐型群落均显著(P﹤0.05)低于其他三类群落。相关分析表明有机质与多样性指数Shannon指数(H)、Simpson指数(D)有极显著相关性(P﹤0.01),与全磷有显著(P﹤0.05)相关。冗余分析(RDA)表明,pH、全盐、速效钾对微生物代谢有极显著(P﹤0.01)影响,全磷有显著(P﹤0.05)影响,而速效磷的影响十分显著(P﹤0.001)。总体来说,碳酸盐型土壤微生物群落有较强的碳源利用能力和较高功能多样性,而土壤速效磷、有机质能够促进盐碱地微生物碳源代谢活性和群落多样性。  相似文献   

2.
为探究深翻及秸秆还田对土壤微生物群落功能多样性的影响,本研究主要采用Biolog-Eco微平板法,分析了常规耕作(CT)、秸秆浅混(SCT,耕作深度15 cm)、深翻(ST,耕作深度35 cm)、秸秆深混(SST,耕作深度35 cm)4个处理0~15 cm和15~35 cm土层的土壤微生物群落功能多样性变化。结果表明:在0~15 cm和15~35 cm土层,与CT相比,SCT和SST处理可以显著提高土壤微生物对碳源的利用,不同处理下微生物对碳源利用程度随时间的延长而增加,并且糖类、氨基酸类、多聚物类和羧酸类碳源依次为微生物代谢最主要的碳源。不同处理对Shannon指数与Simpson指数没有显著影响,但与CT相比,ST显著增加了0~15 cm的Mclntosh指数。主成分分析表明,各处理的微生物群落代谢功能在有秸秆还田和无秸秆还田之间存在差异。与CT相比,15~35 cm土层DOC、MBC和MBN含量在SST处理下分别显著增加了17.25%、50.00%和168.10%。另外SEM模型显示,深翻处理可以通过土壤DOC含量的变化影响土壤Mclntosh指数。  相似文献   

3.
为了研究葡萄园行间生草处理对土壤微生物群落功能多样性的影响,以清耕为对照,运用BiologEco板技术,分析生草处理下的土壤微生物群落碳源利用特征。结果表明:生草处理的AWCD值和多样性指数(Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Simpson优势度指数和丰富度指数)均显著高于清耕对照,且随土层深度的增加均呈下降趋势,以生草0~20 cm土层处理最高;与清耕对照相比,生草处理土壤微生物对6类碳源利用强度均显著增加,平均增幅顺序为:羧酸类化合物酚酸类化合物胺类化合物碳水化合物类氨基酸类聚合物。主成份分析表明,清耕对照和生草处理分布在不同区域,表明两处理土壤微生物存在一定的代谢差异性,生草显著改变了土壤微生物群落功能,并对土壤微生物代谢羧酸类化合物、碳水化合物和酚酸类化合物3类碳源的影响最为明显。结果提示,生草有利于葡萄园土壤微生物群落结构的改善。  相似文献   

4.
利用Biolog微平板法和高通量测序技术,研究小麦玉米间作条件下,不同长期施肥处理土壤微生物对不同碳源的利用差异以及土壤微生物群落在门、属水平上的变化,探明长期施用绿肥对土壤微生物群落多样性及代谢功能的影响。结果表明:长期施用绿肥可显著提高土壤有机质、速效磷和速效钾含量,降低土壤pH值,增强土壤微生物碳源代谢能力。不同施肥条件下,放线菌门(Actinobacteria)和变形菌门(Proteobacteria)为土壤优势菌群,绿肥处理的放线菌门丰度最高(29.94%),农家肥处理最低(22.95%);秸秆还田处理的变形菌门丰度最高(22.32%),对照处理最低(18.85%);酸杆菌门(Acidobacteriota)、绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)在各个处理中的相对丰富度较高,分别为13.39%~19.71%、10.85%~14.56%、3.54%~12.98%。长期施用绿肥有效提高了土壤放线菌门、厚壁菌门、芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)以及假节杆菌属(Pseudarthrobacter)的丰度,降低了酸杆菌门的丰度,增加了土壤微生物种群数量。综...  相似文献   

5.
开垦对土壤团聚体含量及微生物群落代谢多样性的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
以新疆玛纳斯河流域盐渍化弃耕地为研究对象,基于Biolog生态平板法,分析开垦前后土壤团聚体组成分布及团聚体微生物代谢多样性的变化,从而评价人为开垦对弃耕地土壤质量的影响。结果表明:弃耕地开垦增加了各土层0.25 mm团聚体的含量,增加范围在3%~18%。弃耕地开垦前后土壤均以0.25~0.053 mm团聚体比例最高,与其它各粒径团聚体差异显著(P0.05)。开垦后土壤团聚体微生物平均颜色变化率显著高于弃耕地。弃耕地0.053 mm团聚体微生物群落AWCD显著高于0.25 mm各粒径团聚体,开垦后各粒径团聚体微生物群落AWCD关系为:2~1 mm0.25~0.053 mm1~0.25 mm(0.053 mm)(5 mm)5~2 mm。开垦增加了0.25 mm团聚体微生物物种丰富度指数,而0.25 mm团聚体却相反;开垦后土壤各粒径团聚体微生物均匀度指数均显著高于弃耕地,而土壤微生物优势度指数均低于弃耕地,其中在5~2、2~1、1~0.25 mm和0.25~0.053 mm四个粒径中更为显著。开垦前后土壤团聚体微生物对6大碳源利用强度存在着差异,弃耕地土壤团聚体微生物对多聚物的利用率最高,开垦后其优势碳源转变为碳水化合物。主成分分析表明,开垦前后土壤团聚体微生物群落碳源利用在PC1上出现差异。碳水化合物类、羧酸类和氨基酸类碳源是影响土壤团聚体微生物代谢多样性的主要碳源。总体来说,开垦对土壤团聚体微生物群落代谢多样性具有重要影响。  相似文献   

6.
选择长年栽培榨菜(茎瘤芥)的区域,采集感染和未感染根肿病的茎瘤芥根际土壤,采用biology eco平板培养技术研究榨菜健康与发病土壤微生物群落代谢多样性和功能多样性的特征,测定榨菜产区根肿病罹病植株和健康植株根际土壤的理化性状,并探究其土壤FDA水解酶的活性变化.结果显示,根肿病发病根际的EC(土壤电导率)极显著高于健康根际土壤;而健康根际土壤其有效磷、全钾的含量极显著高于发病土壤,说明土壤中有效磷与全钾的含量可能与茎瘤芥根肿病的发生相关.根肿病发病土壤微生物群落平均吸光值(AWCD)高于健康根际土壤微生物群落,且出现以聚合物类和酚酸类化合物这两种碳源为主要代谢底物的微生物群落的富集.同时,土壤微生物Simpson指数、Shannon指数、均匀度指数和McIntosh指数也呈现发病土壤高于健康土壤的趋势.发病土壤FDA酶活性显著低于健康根际土壤.研究表明榨菜根肿病发病土壤与健康土壤的微生物群落功能多样性存在显著差异,其微生物群落结构的变化与榨菜根肿病的发病存在一定关系,此结果为进一步研究榨菜根肿病的发生与土壤微生物群落的关系提供参考.  相似文献   

7.
红砂植被盖度对土壤不同形态碳、氮及细菌多样性的影响   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
以自然恢复的红砂群落为研究对象,探讨黄土高原红砂植被不同盖度对土壤不同形态碳、氮及细菌多样性的影响,为该地区的人工生态恢复措施提供理论支撑.在兰州市南北两山植被恢复技术研究与示范基地,按照5级盖度分类法设置红砂植被盖度梯度,重点对土壤养分碳氮、微生物量碳氮和细菌多样性开展研究.结果表明:随着植被恢复,土壤有机碳 (SOC)和全氮(TN)、土壤微生物碳 (MBC)和微生物氮(MBN)逐渐提高,并且增加比较快 ,但是当总盖度达到48.73%之后,增加比较缓慢,而且增加的差异不显著.相同的植被盖度对土壤有机碳、全氮和土壤微生物碳、氮的影响趋于一致.土壤细菌多样性随植被盖度有所增加,在植被盖度达到48.73%后多样性维持在彼此接近的水平,尽管微生物多样性群落结构有差异 .在植被稀疏、物种多样性较低的干旱坡地,红砂植被盖度增加明显改善了土壤生态功能, 但是片面追求植被盖度的增加,对土壤特性改善有限.  相似文献   

8.
为研究秸秆还田基础上不同耕作措施对土壤微生物群落功能多样性的影响,本文以渭北旱塬玉米田为研究对象,采用Biolog-ECO方法研究了6种耕作措施,即连年翻耕(C/C)、连年免耕(N/N)、连年深松(S/S)、免耕/深松隔年轮耕(N/S)、翻耕/免耕隔年轮耕(C/N)和深松/翻耕隔年轮耕(S/C)对土壤微生物碳源代谢能力的影响。结果表明,不同耕作措施下碳源代谢活性(AWCD)随培养时间的延长均逐渐增加,免耕、少耕的各耕作处理下碳源代谢活性较C/C处理显著提高了12.70%~54.54%,其中N/S和N/N处理的微生物多样性指数(丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener指数和Simpson指数)显著高于C/C处理。主成分分析对第1和第2主成分起分异作用的主要碳源是氨基酸类、糖类和羧酸类物质,且是该地区土壤微生物利用的主要碳源。冗余分析表明有机碳(SOC)是影响微生物碳源代谢特征的主要因素。研究表明,从微生物群落碳源代谢角度考虑, N/S处理下的土壤微生物活性和功能多样性较高,是适宜该地区的耕作措施。  相似文献   

9.
为了明确长期施肥和不施肥条件下作物连作对土壤微生物群落功能多样性的影响,以典型黑土为研究对象,选取长期定位实验站长期施肥和不施肥条件下的小麦、玉米和大豆连作处理,通过稀释平板法和Biolog Eco微平板法,测定土壤细菌、真菌、放线菌数量、碳源代谢活性等指标,为建立合理的农田管理措施提供数据支撑和理论依据。结果表明:长期施肥条件下大豆、小麦和玉米连作土壤细菌、真菌和放线菌数量均高于不施肥处理,且均以大豆连作处理细菌和真菌数量最高。不施肥条件下小麦和玉米连作土壤细菌总数较大豆连作处理分别下降了24.8%和31.0%,真菌总数分别下降了64.0%和51.2%;施肥条件下小麦和玉米连作土壤细菌总数则较大豆连作处理分别下降了29.0%和45.5%,真菌总数分别下降了26.7%和31.5%。Biolog结果表明,不施肥条件下小麦连作处理的平均颜色变化率(AWCD)高于玉米和大豆连作处理,施肥条件下则是大豆连作处理的AWCD值高于小麦和玉米连作处理。不施肥条件下大豆、玉米和小麦连作处理利用最多的碳源是碳水化合物类,施肥后不同连作处理利用最多的是碳水化合物类和多聚物类。大豆和小麦连作不施肥条件下土壤微生物利用率最高的碳源均是α-D-乳糖,施肥条件下利用率最高的碳源均是D,L-α-甘油,而不论施肥与否,玉米连作条件下土壤微生物利用率最高的碳源均是D-半乳糖醛酸;葡萄糖-1-磷酸盐和γ-羟基丁酸是农田黑土微生物群落特异利用的关键碳源。主成分分析得出,施肥对土壤微生物碳源代谢能力的影响大于作物的影响。  相似文献   

10.
为了解坡位因素对黄土高原苹果园土壤生物学性状的影响,以陕西省淳化县坡地富士苹果园为研究对象,分析了该区不同坡位(上坡位、中坡位、下坡位)0~20、20~40、40~60 cm的果园土壤有机质、土壤酶活性和土壤微生物量碳、氮之间的差异,同时利用Biolog-ECO平板法研究了土壤微生物群落功能多样性。结果表明,该区苹果园土壤有机质含量普遍较低,且不同坡位之间存在差异,表现为下坡位上坡位中坡位。土壤酶、土壤微生物量在坡位间差异不显著,其中过氧化氢酶表现为下坡位中坡位上坡位,土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、碱性磷酸酶均表现为下坡位上坡位中坡位,微生物量碳含量表现为上坡位下坡位中坡位,微生物量氮含量表现为下坡位中坡位上坡位。不同坡位碳源平均颜色变化率(AWCD)基本趋势表现为下坡位上坡位中坡位,微生物多样性指数均表现为下坡位上坡位中坡位;主成分分析结果表明,对主成分1(PC1)和主成分2(PC2)贡献较大的碳源主要为糖类和羧酸类,下坡位土壤微生物群落稳定性优于上坡位和中坡位。综合研究结果表明,该区下坡位土壤质量较好,适宜种植苹果等经济作物。  相似文献   

11.
Soil erosion is a serious issue in the sandy-hilly region of Shanxi Province, Northwest China. There has been gradual improvement due to vegetation restoration, but soil microbial community characteristics in different vegetation plantation types have not been widely investigated. To address this, we analyzed soil bacterial and fungal community structures, diversity, and microbial and soil environmental factors in Caragana korshinskii Kom., Populus tomentosa Carr., Populus simonii Carr., Salix matsudana Koidz, and Pinus tabulaeformis Carr. forests. There were no significant differences in the dominant bacterial community compositions among the five forest types. The alpha diversity of the bacteria and fungi communities showed that ACE (abundance-based coverage estimator), Chao1, and Shannon indices in C. korshinskii forest were significantly higher than those in the other four forest types (P<0.05). Soil organic matter, total nitrogen, and urease had a greater impact on bacterial community composition, while total nitrogen, β-glucosidase, and urease had a greater impact on fungal community composition. The relative abundance of beneficial and pathogenic microorganisms was similar across all forest types. Based on microbial community composition, diversity, and soil fertility, we ranked the plantations from most to least suitable as follows: C. korshinskii, S. matsudana, P. tabulaeformis, P. tomentosa, and P. simonii.  相似文献   

12.
WANG Kun 《干旱区科学》2022,14(5):561-575
Robinia pseudoacacia L. (RP) restoration has increased vegetation cover in semi-arid regions on the Loess Plateau of China, but ecological problems have also occurred due to RP restoration, such as reduced soil moisture. Further, it is still uncertain how microbial diversity, composition and assembly processes change with RP restoration in semi-arid regions. Therefore, amplicon sequencing of small subunit ribosomal ribonucleic acid (16S rRNA) and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) genes was performed to study soil bacterial and fungal diversity, composition and assembly processes at four study sites with different stand ages of RP plantations (Y10, RP plantation with stand ages less than 10 a; Y15, RP plantation with stand ages approximately 15 a; Y25, RP plantation with stand ages approximately 25 a; and Y40, RP plantation with stand ages approximately 40 a) along a 40-a chronosequence on the Loess Plateau. The diversity of soil bacteria and fungi increased significantly during the restoration period from 10 to 15 a (P<0.05). However, compared with Y15, bacterial diversity was lower at Y25 and Y40, and fungal diversity remained stable during the restoration period between 25 and 40 a. The relative abundances of Proteobacteria and Ascomycota increased during the restoration period from 10 to 15 a. Conversely, after 15 a of restoration, they both decreased, whereas the relative abundances of Actinomycetes, Acidobacteria and Basidiomycota gradually increased. The variations in soil bacterial communities were mainly related to changes in soil total nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and moisture contents, while soil fungal communities were mainly shaped by soil organic carbon and nitrate nitrogen contents. Bacterial communities were structured by the heterogeneous selection and stochastic process, while fungal communities were structured primarily by the stochastic process. The RP restoration induced an increase in the relative importance of heterogeneous selection on bacterial communities. Overall, this study reveals the changes in microbial diversity, community composition and assembly processes with RP restoration on the Loess Plateau and provides a new perspective on the effects of vegetation restoration on soil microbial communities in semi-arid regions.  相似文献   

13.
通过盆栽试验研究了生物有机肥与氯化钾和硫酸钾配施防治香蕉枯萎病的效果。试验结果表明,两种肥料配施促进了香蕉苗生长,降低了香蕉枯萎病病情指数,提高了防病效果,生物有机肥与KCl和K2SO4配施防病效果比单施生物有机肥分别高60%和90%。利用T-RFLP分析土壤细菌DNA多样性,生物有机肥与钾肥配施提高了细菌三个遗传多样性指数,增加了土壤中芽胞杆菌种类。FAME分析也发现生物有机肥以及与钾肥配施促进革兰氏阳性细菌和放线菌繁殖,抑制革兰氏阴性细菌和真菌生长。生物有机肥与钾肥配施,优势互补,改善了土壤微生物群落结构,有利于提高防病效果。  相似文献   

14.
Transgenic glyphosate-resistant (GR) soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] has enabled highly effective and economical weed control. The concomitant increased application of glyphosate could lead to shifts in the soil microbial community. The objective of these experiments was to evaluate the effects of glyphosate on soil microbial community structure, function and activity. Field assessments on soil microbial communities were conducted on a silt loam soil near Stoneville, MS, USA. Surface soil was collected at time of planting, before initial glyphosate application and 14 days after two post-emergence glyphosate applications. Microbial community fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) were analyzed from these soil samples and soybean rhizospheres. Principal component analysis of the total FAME profile revealed no differentiation between field treatments, although the relative abundance of several individual fatty acids differed significantly. There was no significant herbicide effect in bulk soil or rhizosphere soils. Collectively, these findings indicate that glyphosate caused no meaningful whole microbial community shifts in this time period, even when applied at greater than label rates. Laboratory experiments, including up to threefold label rates of glyphosate, resulted in up to a 19% reduction in soil hydrolytic activity and small, brief (<7 days) changes in the soil microbial community. After incubation for 42 days, 32-37% of the applied glyphosate was mineralized when applied at threefold field rates, with about 9% forming bound residues. These results indicate that glyphosate has only small and transient effects on the soil microbial community, even when applied at greater than field rates.  相似文献   

15.
青枯病植物疫苗对番茄根系土壤微生物群落结构的影响   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
为了探讨青枯雷尔氏菌无致病力菌株FJAT-1458作为青枯病植物疫苗菌株对番茄根系土壤微生物群接种处理后番茄根系土壤微生物PLFAs组成、含量、微生物群落结构及多样性的变化。结果表明,与清水对照相比,接种菌株FJAT-1458后,番茄根系土壤微生物脂肪酸组成及含量发生了明显变化,可分为减少型、无变化型和增加型。进一步分析表明,菌株FJAT-1458能促进番茄根系土壤微生物总量、细菌总量和真菌总量的增加,增加幅度分别为5.98%~47.36%、2.07%~58.07%和5.65%~74.42%,对放线菌生长起到先抑制后促进作用。此外,接种菌株FJAT-1458后番茄根系土壤微生物群落的Shannon-wiener指数显著增加,21 d增加量最高(13.32%)。聚类分析表明,菌株FJAT-1458处理组与对照组的番茄根系土壤微生物均划分为3个群落类型(兰氏距离分别为3.28和4.62),但它们各自群落组成及特征不同;同时主成分分析也将2种处理划分在2个不同类群中。上述结果说明菌株FJAT-1458处理能明显改变番茄根系土壤微生物群落结构,增加其多样性,从而提高土壤微生态系统的稳定性,增强土壤抑制病害能力。  相似文献   

16.
Crop residue is a major source of soil organic matter;therefore,application of crop straw to soil contributes to the sustainable development of organic agriculture.To better understand the transformation of crop straw in orchard soils,we investigated the relationship between the characteristics of straw decomposition and functional diversity of associated microbial communities in a long-term peach orchard,China.Mesh bags,each containing 30 g of corn or bean straw,were buried at a soil depth of 20 cm in a 12-year-old peach orchard for 360 d(October 2011–October 2012).Three treatments were applied,i.e.,fresh corn straw,fresh corn straw with nitrogen fertilizer(urea,10.34 g/kg),and fresh bean straw.Changes in straw residual rate,straw water content and soil conditions were monitored after treatment.The functional diversity of straw-associated microbial communities was analyzed by the Biolog-Eco microplate assay.During the decomposition process,straw residual rates did not vary considerably from 10 d(30.4%–45.4%)to 360 d(19.0%–30.3%).Irrespective of nitrogen addition,corn straw decomposed faster than bean straw.Corn straw with nitrogen fertilizer yielded the highest average well color development(AWCD)values(1.11–1.67),followed by corn straw(1.14–1.68)and bean straw(1.18–1.62).Although the AWCD values did not differ significantly among the three treatments,substantial differences occurred across various time periods of the decomposition process(P<0.01).In terms of carbon source utilization,the dominant microbial groups fed mainly on saccharides.Hard-to-decompose substances gradually accumulated in the middle and late stages of straw decomposition.Of the six categories of carbon sources tested,the utilization rate of aromatics was the lowest with corn straw,whereas that of polymers was the lowest with bean straw.Among different treatments,straw residual rate was negatively correlated to soil available phosphorous,soil available potassium and soil temperature(P<0.05),but not to soil water content.In some cases(corn straw with or without nitrogen fertilizer),straw residual rate was negatively correlated to straw water content,amino acid utilization and carboxylic acid utilization,and positively correlated with microbial species richness and evenness(P<0.05).Microbial community associated with corn and bean straw decomposition in soil was respectively dominated by aromatic-and polymer-metabolizing groups during the middle and late stages of this process,which could reduce the stability of microbial community structure and decrease the rate of straw decomposition in the fruit tree orchard.  相似文献   

17.
为明确日晒高温覆膜对韭菜生长及根际土壤微生物群落的影响,本研究在河北省韭菜主产区基于日晒高温覆膜措施对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊进行田间防治试验,就覆膜前后土壤的理化性质进行了比较,并采用Biolog-ECO技术分析了覆膜对土壤微生物群落功能多样性的影响。结果表明,日晒高温覆膜技术对韭蛆各龄期幼虫的防治效果达到100%,覆膜12 d后韭菜株高、茎粗、叶宽、色泽、百株鲜重及根长等生长发育指标与未覆膜的对照相比均无显著影响;覆膜后土壤中全磷量显著增加;根据Biolog-ECO培养第144 h的AWCD值计算土壤微生物群落的Shannon-Wiener指数、Simpson指数、McIntosh指数和丰富度指数均无显著变化。可见日晒高温覆膜对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊具有明显的防治效果,对韭菜生长及韭菜根际土壤微生物多样性无显著影响。  相似文献   

18.
Background: Repeated applications may have a greater impact on the soil microbial community than a single application of glyphosate. Experiments were conducted to study the effect of one, two, three, four or five applications of glyphosate on soil microbial community composition and glyphosate mineralization and distribution of 14C residues in soil. RESULTS: Fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) common to gram‐negative bacteria were present in higher concentrations following five applications relative to one, two, three or four applications both 7 and 14 days after application (DAA). Additionally, sequencing of 16S rRNA bacterial genes indicated that the abundance of the gram‐negative Burkholderia spp. was increased following the application of glyphosate. The cumulative percentage 14C mineralized 14 DAA was reduced when glyphosate was applied 4 or 5 times relative to the amount of 14C mineralized following one, two or three applications. Incorporation of 14C residues into soil microbial biomass was greater following five glyphosate applications than following the first application 3 and 7 DAA. CONCLUSION: These studies suggest that the changes in the dissipation or distribution of glyphosate following repeated applications of glyphosate may be related to shifts in the soil microbial community composition. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

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