农达广谱高效茎叶处理除草剂

农达广谱高效茎叶处理除草剂许金昭（福建省德化县植保植检站３６２５００）美国孟山都公司研究开发的４１％农达水剂是一种杂草芽后茎叶处理的灭生性除草剂，喷施后药剂被茎叶吸收后传导至地下根部。能有效防除大多数的一年生和多年出禾本科、阔叶类及莎草科杂草，其杀草...     

4种茎叶处理除草剂对半夏田杂草的防除效果

为有效解决半夏田草害问题, 选择4种茎叶除草剂进行半夏田杂草防除田间药效试验。结果表明:10%乙羧氟草醚EC 50~60 mL/667m2 (制剂用量,下同)处理与240 g/L乳氟禾草灵EC 20~30 mL/667m2处理能有效防除半夏田金腰箭、辣子草、土荆芥、金荞麦、紫花香薷、针筒菜、尼泊尔蓼等阔叶杂草, 且对半夏安全, 药后21 d对阔叶杂草株防效、鲜重防效均达90%以上, 与禾本科除草剂8.8%精喹禾灵EC 40 mL/667m2或108 g/L高效氟吡甲禾灵EC 30 mL/667m2搭配使用对半夏田大部分杂草能实现较好防除。但两种阔叶除草剂持效期较短(30 d左右), 生产上可根据施药后期田间杂草发生情况, 采用人工拔除或进行第2次化学防除; 施药应避开中午高温时刻, 以免造成此类阔叶除草剂药害。研究结果可为半夏田除草剂的合理选择和应用提供科学依据。     

高粱田除草剂种类及施药方法筛选试验初报

为了筛选高效的高粱除草剂和适合的施药方式, 我们进行了高粱田间杂草化学防除药剂及施药方法筛选试验, 通过除草效果、产量和收益分析, 初步认为:施药方法上土壤封闭明显优于茎叶处理。土壤封闭剂中, 42%丁·异·莠去津SC、42%异丙草·莠SC除草剂对阔叶杂草和禾本科杂草防除作用优良, 鲜重防效均超过90%, 高粱产量虽低于人工除草, 但差异不显著, 减产幅度在1%以下; 使用这类药剂高粱生产的利润高于人工除草。茎叶处理剂中, 25%辛酰溴苯腈EC等除草剂对高粱生长影响较小, 对藜、反枝苋等阔叶杂草防效高, 高粱产量低于人工除草, 但高粱生产的利润高于人工除草。建议在高粱生产中使用这些除草剂。     

双草醚的科学正确使用

正双草醚属于嘧啶苯甲酸类除草剂,又名双嘧草醚,是高活性的乙酰乳酸合成酶(ALS)抑制剂,施药后能很快被杂草的茎叶吸收,并传导至整个植株,抑制植物分生组织生长,从而杀死杂草。双草醚高效、广谱、用量极低,可有效防除稻田稗草及其他禾本科杂草,兼治大多数阔叶杂草、一些莎草科杂草以及对其他除草剂产生抗性的稗草,如稗草、双穗雀稗、稻李氏禾、马唐、匍茎剪股颖、看麦娘、东北甜茅、狼巴草、异形莎草、日照瓢拂草、碎米莎草、萤     

高效盖草能加助剂对野黍防除效果的评价

10．8％高效盖草能乳油是美国陶氏益农公司开发的防除禾本科杂草的除草剂，用于大豆等阔叶作物田进行苗后茎叶处理。野黍[Diochloa villosa (Thunb．)Kunth]是一年生禾本科杂草，与稗草等其他禾本科杂草相比，     

33.6%苯唑草酮SC防除玉米田杂草田间药效试验

33．6％苯唑草酮SC是德国巴斯夫公司最新研发上市的新型羟基苯基丙酮酸酯双氧化酶抑制剂（HPPD）专利除草剂,系广谱苗后除草剂,能有效防除玉米地一年生禾本科和阔叶杂草、莎草科杂草。为考察33．6％苯唑草酮SC在四川省防除玉米田各类杂草的效果,并探索最佳使用剂量范围、施药时间和使用方法,评估该药剂对玉米的的安全性,为生产上提供技术指导,于2010年进行了田间药效试验研究,现将试验结果总结如下：     

杜邦龙杀防除早,中稻旱育秧杂草试验示范

杜邦龙杀防除早、中稻旱育秧杂草试验示范近年来，我省水稻旱育秧面积不断扩大，草害问题日益突出。１９９６～１９９７年，经我省多点试验示范证明：３５．７５％杜邦龙杀ＷＰ是一次性防除水稻旱育秧田杂草的不可多得的优良除草剂，施药７ｄ即见效果，对禾本科杂草、阔叶...     

产品介绍

传播科技促进农业中国农药沙隆达圣戈10·8%乳油圣戈是湖北沙隆达股份有限公司开发研制的超高活性除草剂,它属于苗后茎叶处理内吸传导型除草剂。经过科学实验表明,圣戈能广泛应用于多种阔叶作物,防除一年生和多年生禾本科杂草,特别是能防除大龄禾本科杂草,其防治效果大大优于同类除草剂,对阔叶作物高度安全。产品特点:1·超强内吸,杀草谱广:能防除油菜、大豆、花生、棉花、甘蓝、芝麻、西瓜、甜菜、亚麻、烟草、豌豆、茄子等田间大多数禾本科杂草,如稗草、狗尾草、马唐、牛筋草、看麦娘、野燕麦、芦苇等。2·施药适期宽:能防除三叶至生长旺…     

农达防除茶园杂草示范小结

农达防除茶园杂草示范小结周志奇，倪网照（江苏省竹箦煤矿农业科溧阳２１３３００）４１％农达（Ｒｏｕｎｄｕｐ）是美国孟山都公司生产的一种杂草芽后茎时处理除草剂，能够防除大多数一年生和多年生禾本科杂草、阔叶草和莎草科杂草。为了进一步证明其除草效果和探索在本...     

旱播水管直播稻田杂草发生规律及化除技术研究

旱播水管直播稻田杂草种类多、数量大、出草期长,多数田块是禾本科杂草、莎草科杂草和阔叶杂草混生.水稻播后苗前用丁·恶混剂对杂草有良好的防除效果.水稻苗期用二氯喹啉酸,对稗草有较好的防效.氰氟草酯可同时防除稗草和千金子.二氯喹啉酸 苄磺隆能防除稗草与阔叶杂草.异恶草松 吡嘧磺隆能同时防除禾本科杂草、莎草科杂草和阔叶杂草.     

Prevalence of herbicide‐resistant weed species in Malaysian rice fields: A review

The management of weeds in Malaysian rice fields is very much herbicide‐based. The heavy reliance on herbicide for weed control by many rice‐growers arguably eventually has led to the development and evolution of herbicide‐resistant biotypes in Malaysian rice fields over the years. The continuous use of synthetic auxin (phenoxy group) herbicides and acetohydroxyacid synthase‐inhibiting herbicides to control rice weeds was consequential in leading to the emergence and prevalence of resistant weed biotypes. This review discusses the history and confirmed cases and incidence of herbicide‐resistant weeds in Malaysian rice fields. It also reviews the Clearfield Production System and its impact on the evolution of herbicide resistance among rice weed species and biotypes. This review also emphasizes the strategies and management options for herbicide‐resistant rice field weeds within the framework of herbicide‐based integrated weed management. These include the use of optimum tillage practices, certified clean seeds, increased crop competition through high seeding rates, crop rotation, the application of multiple modes of action of herbicides in annual rotations, tank mixtures and sequential applications to enable a broad spectrum of weed control, increase the selective control of noxious weed species in a field and help to delay the resistance evolution by reducing the selection pressure that is forced on those weed populations by a specific herbicidal mode of action.     

近年我国农田杂草防控中的突出问题与治理对策

我国田园杂草有1 400多种,严重危害的130余种,恶性杂草37种。我国杂草发生面积约9 246.7万hm2次,防治面积1.04亿hm2次,挽回粮食损失2 699万t,每年主粮作物仍有近300万t产量损失。杂草防控中的突出问题是:杂草群落演替,难治杂草种群增加;除草剂单一使用,杂草抗药性发展迅速;除草剂对作物药害频发,影响种植结构调整;新除草剂创制能力不足,难以满足不同作物田除草需求;农村劳动力短缺,杂草防控更依赖于化学防治。解决上述问题,应实施以下对策:加强杂草发生危害的监测预警,科学轮换使用除草剂,推广除草剂减量与替代技术,加快新除草剂研制及推广应用,加速耐除草剂作物商业化进程,推进统防统治及农民培训。     

杂草对9类常用不同作用机制除草剂的非靶标抗性机制研究进展

除草剂的应用为农业生产带来便利, 但长期、单一使用某一种或相同机制的除草剂也引发了杂草对除草剂的抗性问题。抗性杂草种类逐渐增加, 抗性形成机制复杂, 导致农田杂草的治理难度增加。杂草对除草剂的抗性机制主要分为两种, 一种是除草剂靶标位点基因的突变或过量表达导致的靶标抗性, 另一种是杂草对除草剂吸收、转运、固存和代谢等一个或多个生理过程发生变化导致的非靶标抗性。本文综述了杂草对9类不同作用方式除草剂的非靶标抗性机制的生理、生化和分子基础的研究进展, 以期为抗性杂草综合治理提供参考。     

Herbicide options for weed control in papaya

This paper reviews the literature on weeds and weed control in papaya. There is limited research on this topic, and nearly all of the research focuses on herbicides. Effective use of paraquat and glyphosate in papaya is dependent on avoidance of spray contact to green bark and foliage. Pre-emergence herbicide tolerance is dependent on papaya age, size and maturity, and soil type. Only one herbicide, oryzalin is shown to be tolerated by papaya immediately after transplanting. Herbicides such as diuron and oxyfluorfen with a broader spectrum of weed control generally injure young papaya, however they can be effectively used if the initial application of these herbicides is delayed until papaya attains certain size or maturity indices. There is a need for further research on weeds and weed control to improve the efficiency of papaya production     

Precision farming for weed management: techniques

Site-specific weed control techniques have gained interest in the precision farming community over the last years. Managing weeds on a subfield level requires measuring the varying density of weeds within a field. Decision models aid in the selection and adjustment of the treatments, depending on the weed infestation. The weed control can be done either with herbicides or mechanically. A site-specific herbicide application technology can save large amounts of herbicides. Mechanical weed control techniques adapting to the weed situation in the field are applicable to a wide spectrum of crops. Site-specific techniques for the detection and management of weeds are presented. A system for the discrimination of different weed species and crops from images is described, which generates weed maps automatically. Models for the yield effect of weeds are developed and applied in on-farm-research experimental setups. Economic weed thresholds are derived and used for a herbicide application with a patch sprayer.     

新型酰胺类除草剂NC1的除草作用及对水稻的安全性

为了明确新型除草剂NC1的杀草谱、施药时期、使用剂量及对水稻的安全性,采用种子生物测定法测定34.5％ NCI悬浮剂对稗草的生物活性,并与30乡丙草胺乳油进行比较;采用室内整株生物测定法测定34.5％NC1 SC不同时期处理对禾本科杂草的控制作用和对水稻的安全性,并进行田间验证.结果 表明:NC1对稗草种子的生物活性优...     

春麦田除草剂的应用与杂草群落演替

作者采用定点定位试验,对春麦田除草剂应用与杂草群落演替趋势进行研究。结果表明:在杂草群落多样性麦田,小麦连作并分别连续5年施用同一种除草剂,原杂草群落中占优势的靶标杂草得以控制,而非靶标杂草和抗、耐药性杂草因失去竞争和制约对象而猖獗发展,发生量较原来增加几倍至几十倍,并形成优势种群,对小麦造成新的更严重的危害。一种除草剂在同田块连续施用4年,由于杂草群落演替,抗、耐药杂草兴起,除草效果显著下降而失去其使用意义。作者提出除草剂配套使用、轮用、混用等措施,并配合以合理的轮作制度,以减轻杂草群落长期受到单一的定向选择性压力。     

抗药性杂草与治理

抗药性杂草对农田杂草治理和农业生产构成严重威胁,成为备受全球关注的严重问题。随着长期、大量使用相对有限的化学除草剂,全球抗药性杂草发展迅猛,目前已有217种杂草对化学除草剂产生了抗药性,我国抗药性杂草发展也十分迅猛。本文在介绍杂草抗药性基本概念、抗药性杂草发展过程、抗药性杂草现状的基础上,重点描述了抗药性杂草治理策略,以期为我国抗药性杂草研究和治理提供参考。     

Development of chemical weed control and integrated weed management in China

More than 200 species of weeds are infesting main crop fields in China, among which approximately 30 species are major weeds causing great crop yield losses. About 35.8 million hectares of crop fields are heavily infested by weeds and the annual reduction of crop yields is 12.3–16.5% (weighted average). Along with rural economic development, approximately 50% of the main crop fields undergo herbicide application. Chemical weed control has changed cultural practices to save weeding labor in rice, wheat, maize, soybeans and cotton. At the same time, continuous use of the same herbicides has caused weed shift problems and weed resistance to herbicides. Consequently, integrated weed management in main crops is being developed.     

杂草对激素类除草剂抗药性研究进展

农田杂草严重影响作物的产量和品质,对除草剂的过度依赖和长期使用,使杂草对除草剂的抗性问题日益突出。目前已有262种杂草(152种双子叶和110种单子叶)的512个生物型对23类中的167个除草剂产生抗性。激素类除草剂作为除草剂的重要成员,为禾谷类作物田的杂草防除提供了保障,然而在使用了几十年后,44种杂草对此类除草剂产生了抗药性。本文对激素类除草剂的分类应用、除草机理、抗性现状、抗性机理等进行了综述,以期为激素类除草剂的应用和抗激素类除草剂杂草的防除提供参考。