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1.
小麦印度腥黑穗病菌在中国适生性的初步研究   总被引:9,自引:2,他引:9  
白章红  周国梁 《植物检疫》1997,11(6):331-334
本文依据小麦印度腥黑穗病菌的生物学特性,及世界各主要小麦产区的地理气候资料,利用地理信息系统对该病菌的适生性进行了研究。结果表明,小麦印度腥黑穗病菌适生气候条件为:大于零度以上的有效积温≥1300日度;1年中最冷月的平均温度≤20℃;小麦抽穗扬花期间的平均温度为7℃~29℃,平均大气相对湿度≥48%。  相似文献   

2.
小麦印度腥黑穗病菌(Tilletia indica Mitra)是我国进境植物检疫性真菌,在我国尚未分布,主要危害小麦等作物。本研究在收集小麦印度腥黑穗病菌的已知地理分布数据,以及筛选影响该病菌分布的关键环境变量的基础上,运用MaxEnt模型对该病菌在当前和未来场景下我国的潜在地理分布进行了预测。结果显示,小麦印度腥黑穗病菌当前的潜在地理分布区面积占全国总面积的58.48%,其中,中高度适生区主要分布在北纬40°以下,面积占全国总面积的31.29%。2050年和2070年RCP8.5场景下,潜在地理分布区范围进一步扩大至63.24%和62.65%。本研究结果可为科学地制定小麦印度腥黑穗病菌的检疫和防控措施提供参考。  相似文献   

3.
 以小麦印度腥黑穗病菌9个菌株和黑麦草腥黑穗病菌5个菌株及其近似种或相关种:稻粒黑粉菌、狼尾草腥黑粉菌、狗尾草腥黑粉菌、苏玛特腥黑粉菌、狐尾草腥黑粉菌、小麦网腥黑穗病菌和小麦矮化腥黑穗病菌共9种22个菌株为研究对象,通过序列比对分析,设计了检测小麦印度腥黑穗病菌及黑麦草腥黑穗病菌的TaqMan MGB实时荧光PCR引物和探针,优化了反应条件,筛选出特异性探针,分别建立了小麦印度腥黑穗病菌和黑麦草腥黑穗病菌实时荧光单重PCR和实时荧光双重PCR检测方法,其中实时荧光双重PCR检测方法实现了在同一PCR管中仅用5μL的反应体系,进行1次PCR反应就能特异性检测出小麦印度腥黑穗病菌或黑麦草腥黑穗病菌。本研究所建立的检测方法特异性强、结果可靠、检测速度快、成本明显降低,在文际应用中具有推广价值。  相似文献   

4.
根据小麦印度腥黑穗病菌Tilletia indica和黑麦草腥黑穗病菌T.walkeri核糖体ITS序列设计了两对通用引物和两条特异性探针,建立了小麦印腥印度腥黑穗病菌Tilletia indica和黑麦草腥黑穗病菌T.walkeri的实时荧光PCR检测方法,检测的灵敏度为1个冬孢子.这种检测方法可以直接用于样品小麦印腥和黑麦草腥黑穗病菌冬孢子的快速检测,整个检测过程缩短至1天.  相似文献   

5.
小麦光腥黑穗病是小麦上的一种毁灭性病害,其病原菌被列为国内限定非检疫性有害生物,但目前国内对该病菌的认识和研究远远落后于口岸经常截获的小麦矮腥黑穗病菌、小麦网腥黑穗病菌和小麦印度腥黑穗病菌。为早期识别和检测该病菌,从源头上预防该病菌传入、流行和传播,保障我国小麦生产的安全,本综述在总结这4种小麦腥黑粉菌的冬孢子形态和生理特征差异的基础上,分析和比较了目前用于小麦光腥黑粉菌检测的激光共聚焦扫描显微、红外光谱、电子鼻和PCR等主要技术的优劣,为更好地利用这些技术来检测小麦光腥黑粉菌提供了参考。  相似文献   

6.
小麦印度腥黑穗病入侵的历史经验   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
章正  朱连 《植物检疫》2004,18(6):351-354
1931年以来,小麦印度腥黑穗病(Tilletia indica Mitra)从一个在原发地微不足道的地方性病害,发展成为威胁小麦生产,影响国际小麦贸易的世界性检疫病害[1~3,].20世纪80年代初期,中国开始关注小麦印腥病菌对我国小麦生产的潜在威胁,1986年,中国公布小麦印度腥黑穗病为禁止传入的检疫性病害,1992年,中国公布其为一类检疫性病害.迄今近40个国家对此病采取了检疫性措施,其中包括中国、美国、加拿大、墨西哥、欧盟、俄罗斯、东欧及非洲有关各国[2,4,5].  相似文献   

7.
小麦印度腥黑穗病菌是一种世界性的检疫性的有害生物,我国迄今未有报道.  相似文献   

8.
<正>2015年1月广州新沙口岸于进境马来西亚麦麸中检出检疫性病原真菌小麦印度腥黑穗病菌(Tilletia indica Mitra),检疫性杂草具节山羊草(Aegilops cylindrica Horst)及其他有害生物共21种次,涉及麦麸252.540 t,货值61872.3美元。小麦印度腥黑穗病菌多数在运输工具检疫过程中于食品舱内面粉中检出,极少于货检中检出,该次于进境马来西亚麦麸中检出小麦印度腥黑穗病菌属全国口岸首次在麦麸中截获。  相似文献   

9.
南通口岸截获小麦印腥病菌   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
20 0 1年 4月 ,南通出入境检验检疫局南通港办事处检疫科在对印度籍“高尔 (GOA)”轮实施登轮检疫时 ,发现该轮食品库中带有少量原产印度的小麦面粉 ,取样进行实验室检疫 ,并经江苏局技术中心植检实验室鉴定复核 ,确认该批面粉中携带我国禁止入境的一类危险性有害生物———小麦印度腥黑穗病菌TilletiaindicaMitra。南通局已对这批带菌面粉进行了除害处理。这是南通口岸首次截获小麦印度腥黑穗病菌。南通口岸截获小麦印腥病菌$南通出入境检验检疫局@林何燕 @阎升$南通出入境检验检疫局 @张士才$南通出入境检验…  相似文献   

10.
小麦印度腥黑穗病菌是影响国际小麦贸易的一种世界检疫性有害生物,美国于1981将小麦印腥设定为零容忍级别,之后世界上大多数国家都制定了类似的检疫条例。有害生物风险分析是各国(地区)制定和实施植物卫生措施的基础,本文系统介绍小麦印度腥黑穗病菌定量风险评估包括进入、定殖、扩散及经济影响等方面国内外研究进展。  相似文献   

11.
Karnal bunt, a disease of wheat, durum, rye, and triticale, is subject to strict quarantine restrictions worldwide. The disease is considered a major threat to food security, due to its use as a non-tariff trade barrier by several wheat-importing countries. In this paper, we analysed seven years of phenotypic data to search for quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with resistance in common wheat, validated the QTLs using an independent population, and assessed the potential of genomic selection as a tool for pre-emptive breeding. The QTL study used phenotypic data collected from artificially inoculated field experiments involving two historical Karnal bunt resistance populations: WH542 × HD29 and WH542 × W485. QTL analyses detected four significant (p < 0.001) QTLs on chromosomes 1A, 3A, 4B, and 6B, which explained between 13.7% and 15.7% of the phenotypic variation. A panel of 130 cultivars was used to validate QTL effects. These were genotyped with the same DArTseq protocol, and two of the four QTLs were significantly (p < 0.001) associated with Karnal bunt resistance in the validation panel. The potential of genomic selection was investigated by comparing accuracies of a model trained with all available markers and a model based solely on validated QTL information from the biparental populations. Genomic prediction accuracy, based on the two scenarios, averaged 0.43 and 0.33, respectively, suggesting that even in situations where phenotyping is difficult due to quarantine restrictions, the prospects for pre-emptive breeding against Karnal bunt are encouraging, and resources are now available that will reduce the cost burden.  相似文献   

12.
The interpretation of information used to defend an assessment that T. indica, the cause of Karnal bunt of wheat, has a high risk of establishing in Europe and of causing significant yield/quality losses is questioned. Karnal bunt has only established in locations that are arid or semi-arid with hot summers and cool/mild winters. There is very strong circumstantial evidence that substantial amounts of seed contaminated with teliospores of T. indica were sown in Europe in the past without the appearance of Karnal bunt. It is unlikely that sufficient numbers of teliospores would survive long enough on the soil surface under European conditions and then synchronise germination during the period at heading when wheat is vulnerable to infection to guarantee disease expression. Karnal bunt is regarded as a minor disease everywhere it occurs. Almost two thirds of European wheat cultivars inoculated by a severe boot injection method have been categorised as either resistant or highly resistant to T. indica. Yield/quality losses would be expected to be low even if the pathogen were capable of establishing in Europe. The status of T. indica as an important quarantine pest is based on the indirect economic consequences of the appearance of the pathogen and not on the direct damage it causes to wheat crops. Arguments in this and previous reviews advocating a more reasoned and comprehensive assessment of the threat to Europe, North America and other locations from T. indica need to be taken into consideration in any new pest risk analyses. David Jones is a retired employee of the Central Science Laboratory (CSL). Statements and opinions expressed in this paper are those of the author and are not the views of CSL.  相似文献   

13.
Karnal bunt of wheat, caused by the fungus Tilletia indica, is an internationally regulated disease. Since its first detection in central Texas in 1997, regions in which the disease was detected have been under strict federal quarantine regulations resulting in significant economic losses. A study was conducted to determine the effect of weather factors on incidence of the disease since its first detection in Texas. Weather variables (temperature and rainfall amount and frequency) were collected and used as predictors in discriminant analysis for classifying bunt-positive and -negative fields using incidence data for 1997 and 2000 to 2003 in San Saba County. Rainfall amount and frequency were obtained from radar (Doppler radar) measurements. The three weather variables correctly classified 100% of the cases into bunt-positive or -negative fields during the specific period overlapping the stage of wheat susceptibility (boot to soft dough) in the region. A linear discriminant-function model then was developed for use in classification of new weather variables into the bunt occurrence groups (+ or -). The model was evaluated using weather data for 2004 to 2006 for San Saba area (central Texas), and data for 2001 and 2002 for Olney area (north-central Texas). The model correctly predicted bunt occurrence in all cases except for the year 2004. The model was also evaluated for site-specific prediction of the disease using radar rainfall data and in most cases provided similar results as the regional level evaluation. The humid thermal index (HTI) model (widely used for assessing risk of Karnal bunt) agreed with our model in all cases in the regional level evaluation, including the year 2004 for the San Saba area, except for the Olney area where it incorrectly predicted weather conditions in 2001 as unfavorable. The current model has a potential to be used in a spray advisory program in regulated wheat fields.  相似文献   

14.
Representative European wheat cultivars were tested under quarantine containment for their susceptibility to Tilletia indica, the cause of Karnal bunt of wheat. Fifteen winter and 15 spring wheat ( Triticum aestivum ) and 11 durum wheat ( Triticum durum ) cultivars were inoculated by boot injection just prior to ear emergence to test their physiological susceptibility. Selected cultivars were then re-tested by spray inoculation after ear emergence to determine their morphological susceptibility, which is a better predictor of field susceptibility. At maturity, the ears and seeds were assessed for incidence and severity of disease. For the physiological susceptibility tests, 13/15 winter wheat cultivars were infected and the percentage of infected seeds ranged from 1 to 32%. For spring cultivars, 13/15 cultivars were infected and the percentage of infected seeds ranged from 1 to 48%. For the durum cultivars, 9/11 were infected and the percentage of infected seeds ranged from 2 to 95%. Across all cultivars, 35/41 were infected. Based on historical Karnal bunt susceptibility categories using coefficients of infection, one cultivar was classed as highly susceptible, three as susceptible, 11 as moderately susceptible, 20 as resistant and only six as highly resistant. The spray-inoculation morphological susceptibility tests broadly confirmed the physiological susceptibility results, although lower levels of infection were observed. Overall, the range of susceptibility was similar to that found in cultivars grown in Karnal bunt affected countries. The results demonstrate that European wheat cultivars are susceptible to T. indica and thus could potentially support the establishment of T. indica if introduced into Europe.  相似文献   

15.
A study was conducted to determine the susceptibility of popular United States (U.S.) and European winter wheat cultivars to the fungal pathogen Tilletia indica. Historically, the disease has been limited to autumn-sown spring-habit wheat areas and not associated with winter wheat. In 1997, Karnal bunt was observed on winter wheat in limited regions of Texas. This region marks the southern end of the contiguous U.S. central winter wheat belt, which extends north into Canada. The aim of this study was to assess the levels of disease resistance in winter wheat. Fifty U.S. and European winter wheat cultivars were tested using two different greenhouse inoculation procedures. For each cultivar, 12 spikes in boot were inoculated by boot-injection with a sporidial suspension (1.0 ml/boot, 10,000 spores ml−1), and 12 other emerged spikes were spray-inoculated with the same concentration. The experiment was repeated for three seasons. Among cultivars, mean seed infection ranged from 2.1 to 87.2% and 0 to 15.6% for boot-injected and spray-inoculated treatments, respectively. Results showed that the majority of winter wheat cultivars tested were susceptible to Karnal bunt.  相似文献   

16.
The influence of temperature, light and soil conditions on teliospore germination of Tilletia (Neovossia) Indica was investigated. The teliospores were germinated by incubation in an aqueous suspension in a concavity on a water agar surface and the germination percentage was scored directly under low magnification of the compound microscope. The optimal temperature range for germination was found to be 15 to 22°C. Germination was extremely low at 2°C, but total inhibition was only observed after prolonged exposure to 35®C (in darkness) or to - 18°C under dry conditions. Light was shown to have a stimulating effect on germination (artificial daylight was found to be better that near ultraviolet light). No stimulation was achieved by prolonging the illumination from 12 to 24 h. Teliospores from 5-year-old wheat samples were shown to be viable. The weather conditions of the various wheat- growing areas of China were compared with the results obtained for the survival of teliospores of T. indica. It is concluded that a considerable risk exists for establishment and spread of the Karnal bunt disease if first accidentally introduced into China. Strict quarantine precautions, and policies can minimize or even eliminate this risk.  相似文献   

17.
ABSTRACT Karnal bunt of wheat, caused by Tilletia indica, was found in regions of the southwestern United States in 1996. Yield losses due to Karnal bunt are slight, and the greatest threat of Karnal bunt to the U.S. wheat industry is the loss of its export market. Many countries either prohibit or restrict wheat imports from countries with Karnal bunt. In 1997, teliospores morphologically resembling T. indica were isolated from bunted ryegrass seeds and wheat seed washes. Previously developed PCR assays failed to differentiate T. indica from the recently discovered ryegrass pathogen, T. walkeri. The nucleotide sequence of a 2.3 kb region of mitochondrial DNA, previously amplified by PCR only from T. indica, was determined for three isolates of T. indica and three isolates of T. walkeri. There was greater than 99% identity within either the T. indica group or the T. walkeri group of isolates, whereas there was =3% divergence between isolates of these two Tilletia species. Five sets of PCR primers were made specific to T. indica, and three sets were designed specifically for T. walkeri based upon nucleotide differences within the mitochondrial DNA region. In addition, a 212 bp amplicon was developed as a target sequence in a fluorogenic 5' nuclease PCR assay using the TaqMan system for the detection and discrimination of T. indica and T. walkeri.  相似文献   

18.
董微  陈万权  刘太国 《植物保护》2007,33(6):128-131
由Tilletia controversa Kühn(TCK)引起的小麦矮腥黑穗病是重要的国际检疫性病害,也是我国对外的A类检疫对象。本文就该病原菌的形态学和生物学鉴定、分子检测方法进行了综述。展望了分子检测技术在病害检疫中的应用前景。  相似文献   

19.
ABSTRACT Karnal bunt of wheat is caused by the fungus Tilletia indica, which partially converts kernels into sori filled with teliospores. Despite minor overall yield and quality losses, the disease is of considerable international quarantine concern. Plant development stages reported susceptible to infection vary considerably. A study was designed to better define the susceptibility period by inoculating wheat spikes at different growth stages with naturally liberated secondary sporidia under optimal conditions for disease development. Spikes of a resistant and susceptible cultivar were inoculated at eight growth stages from awns emerging to soft dough. Spikes became susceptible only after emerging from the boot and continued to be susceptible up to soft dough stage at which low levels of disease occurred. Disease severity in both cultivars peaked when spikes were inoculated after complete emergence, but before the onset of anthesis. Disease levels tapered off gradually in spikes inoculated after anthesis. The results broaden the known susceptibility period of wheat to T. indica to include stages long after anthesis, and indicate that infection from airborne inoculum is not possible during boot or awns emerging stages, which are commonly referred to as the most susceptible stages.  相似文献   

20.
Tilletia indica, the fungus responsible for Karnal bunt disease of wheat, is currently recognised as a quarantine pest by both the EU and EPPO. The evidence that has been used to justify this status is reviewed and found to be in need of reappraisal. Yield losses caused by the pathogen are insignificant and disease levels are rarely high enough to cause serious quality problems. The sole reason for its designation as an important quarantine pest would seem to lie in the serious implications for trade should the pathogen be detected in an exporting country. Since there is strong evidence to suggest that T. indica may not even establish in Europe, it would seem logical to reclassify the pathogen as the cause of a minor disease that is likely to have little quarantine significance for Europe. However, since most wheat-growing countries have strict quarantine regulations aimed at preventing the introduction of T. indica, this reclassification is unlikely to occur unless plant health authorities around the world can agree on a new status of reduced importance for T. indica that suits its actual potential as a pest. David Jones is a retired employee of the Central Science Laboratory (CSL). Statements and opinions expressed in this paper are those of the author and are not the views of the Central Science Laboratory.  相似文献   

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