干旱区绿洲土壤镉-锌-铅复合污染物在芹菜中的富集迁移规律

以干旱区绿洲土壤为供试土壤,采用盆栽实验研究了镉-锌-铅复合污染物在土壤/芹菜系统中的迁移富集特征.结果表明:随着外源添加重金属量的增大,芹菜根和叶中重金属含量也增大;芹菜根对Cd、Pb、Zn吸收量与土壤中Cd、Pb、Zn含量、外源添加Cd、Pb、Zn量之间都达到极显著正相关,芹菜叶对Cd 、Zn的吸收量与土壤中Cd、Zn含量、外源添加Cd、Zn量之间都达到极显著正相关;多元线形回归分析可知,芹菜根吸收Cd、Pb、Zn并没有受到共存元素的影响;重金属元素从土壤中分别向芹菜根/叶的富集能力顺序都为Cd＞Zn＞Pb,重金属元素在芹菜体内的迁移能力顺序为Zn＞Cd＞Pb.     

干旱区绿洲土壤共存重金属Cd、Pb、Zn、Ni的吸收积累及形态分布实验研究

通过盆栽试验和室内分析初步研究了共存重金属Cd、Pb、Zn、Ni在干旱区绿洲土壤-芹菜系统中的吸收积累和形态变化特征。结果表明:Cd、Pb、Zn、Ni四种共存重金属元素在芹菜不同部位的吸收量均为根部地上部,累积率大小顺序依次为CdZnNiPb;供试绿洲土壤原状土中Pb、Zn、Ni均以稳定的残渣态为主要存在形态,Cd以铁锰氧化态为主要存在形态,随着重金属元素添加量的增加,土壤中的Cd主要以碳酸盐态存在,Pb主要以碳酸盐态和铁锰氧化态存在,而Zn和Ni主要以铁锰氧化态存在;逐步回归分析表明,干旱区绿洲土壤中Cd的可交换态对芹菜地上部Cd含量的贡献最大,Ni的铁锰氧化态对芹菜根部Ni含量的贡献最大,而对芹菜地上部和根部吸收Pb和Zn量贡献最大的形态分别为Pb和Zn的可交换态。     

干旱区绿洲土壤中Ni在芹菜中的富集迁移

以干旱区绿洲土壤为供试土壤,采用盆栽试验研究外源Ni污染对芹菜生长的影响及在芹菜中的富集迁移。结果表明：外源Ni的添加在低质量分数下能够促进芹菜的生长,达到一定临界值后,则出现明显的毒害作用;随着土壤中Ni的添加质量分数的增加,芹菜体内的Ni含量也随之增加。统计分析表明对芹菜根部和地上部吸收累积Ni贡献最大的均为铁锰氧...     

干旱区绿洲土壤Cd、Zn、Ni复合污染对芹菜生长及重金属积累的影响

以干旱区绿洲土为供试土壤,用芹菜(Apium graveolens)做指示植物,通过模拟盆栽试验,研究了土壤Cd、Zn、Ni复合污染对芹菜生长及重金属吸收积累的影响.结果表明:(1)低浓度的Cd、Zn、Ni重金属复合处理在一定程度上可促进芹菜根、茎叶的生长,重金属复合作用增强时,即Cd、Zn、Ni浓度增大时,毒害作用逐...     

外源Cd在施污黄土-小麦系统中的富集迁移规律

以小麦和黄土为实验对象,通过室外盆栽试验研究了外源Cd在施污黄土-小麦系统中的富集迁移规律。结果表明:外源Cd的添加对小麦根部生长指标(根长、干重)产生了显著影响,对地上部的生长指标(株高、茎叶干重、籽粒干重)影响不显著;小麦各部位Cd含量总体趋势为根>茎叶>壳>籽粒,且小麦各部位中Cd含量与外源Cd的添加量均呈显著的正相关关系(P<0.01),籽粒中Cd含量也会随着外源Cd添加量的增加而增加,表明土壤中Cd含量可以用来预测小麦籽粒中Cd的含量。小麦根与茎叶中Cd含量变化趋势一致,在外源Cd添加量为12.0mg/kg时,根和茎叶中Cd含量达到最大,最大值分别为34.84mg/kg和18.98mg/kg;小麦壳与籽粒中Cd含量变化趋势一致,在外源Cd添加量为9.0mg/kg时达到最大值,最大值分别为7.11mg/kg和3.64mg/kg;小麦不同部位富集能力呈现根>茎叶>壳>籽粒的趋势,不同部位迁移能力也不同,呈现茎叶>壳>籽粒的趋势,且迁移系数均小于1。     

生物炭对苏丹草吸收Cd、Pb的影响

为了探讨生物炭添加对苏丹草吸收Cd、Pb的影响,在灰漠土中外源添加不同浓度的Cd和Pb,在此基础上添加5~20g/kg生物炭,通过盆栽试验研究生物炭对Cd、Pb在苏丹草中的分布及累积特征的影响。结果表明:添加生物炭和低浓度重金属能促进苏丹草的生长,使根、茎、叶生物量显著增加(P<0.05),但高浓度重金属的添加会抑制苏丹草的生长。在低中浓度重金属Cd-Pb的处理下,添加5~20g/kg生物炭,Cd在苏丹草根、茎、叶中质量分数、富集系数、转移系数及地上部分的累积量均呈降低趋势,Pb则相反。说明了生物炭的添加能抑制低中浓度Cd在苏丹草中的迁移。在高浓度重金属Cd-Pb的作用下添加生物炭对Cd和Pb在苏丹草中迁移均有抑制作用。     

干旱区绿洲土壤中胡萝卜对Pb-Zn污染的响应及重金属累积特征

以干旱绿洲土壤为研究对象,采用盆栽实验探究外源Pb-Zn复合胁迫下,重金属对胡萝卜生长形态的影响及两种元素在研究区土壤-胡萝卜中的迁移转化特征。结果表明:随着胁迫浓度的增大,胡萝卜叶长随之降低,根长变化不明显,干重变化呈"低促高抑"态势。从两种重金属的积累特征看:胡萝卜对Pb、Zn的富集系数(BCF)均小于1,迁移系数(TF)均大于1,即两种重金属在整个迁移系统中的运移界面主要位于根-叶之间,且根-叶间迁移能力大小为:Zn>Pb。通过对比分析发现两种元素交互作用为:Pb对于Zn的富集和迁移均产生拮抗作用;Zn的共存对Pb的迁移是协同作用,但对其富集作用的影响表现为:低浓度拮抗,高浓度协同。     

新疆民丰县农田土壤重金属污染特征与生态风险评价

采用地累积指数、污染负荷指数和潜在生态风险指数对新疆民丰县85组农田表层土壤样品中Cd、Hg、As、Pb、Cr、Cu、Ni、Zn八种重金属元素的含量和污染程度进行评价。结果表明:民丰县农田表层土壤中重金属Cd、Hg、Cr、Ni元素的含量是新疆土壤背景值的1.147倍、1.124倍、1.116倍、1.041倍;Pb、Zn、Ni、Cu、As元素之间呈现不同程度的显著相关性。地累积指数从大到小依次为As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Zn、Ni、Pb、Hg;土壤重金属的污染负荷指数PLI平均值为0.1268,属于无污染程度。土壤重金属综合潜在生态风险指数均值为13.828,属于轻微生态风险。民丰县农田土壤环境适宜耕种,农产品安全隐患概率极低。     

干旱区绿洲土壤外源Pb对油菜生长和吸收Cd、Zn的影响

以干旱区绿洲土壤和油菜为供试对象,通过Cd-Zn和Cd-Pb-Zn胁迫下的盆栽试验研究了Cd-Zn污染绿洲土壤条件下Pb的介入对油菜生长及吸收和迁移Cd、Zn的影响。结果表明,Pb的介入促进了油菜茎叶的生长,在较低水平(Cd≤1.8mg·kg-1、Zn≤300mg·kg-1)时促进了根系的生长,而在较高水平(Cd>1.98mg·kg-1、Zn>300mg·kg-1)时则抑制了根系的生长;Pb的介入促进了油菜对Cd、Zn的吸收,但并未影响油菜对Cd、Zn吸收的变化趋势;Pb的介入促进了油菜对Cd、Zn的富集,却抑制了对Cd、Zn的迁移。     

新乡小冀工业区周边土壤重金属污染评价与形态分析

通过实地调查和实验分析,对小冀工业区周边土壤中六种重金属(Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb和Zn)进行了总量测定。参照GB15618-1995二级标准,采用单因子指数法和内梅罗综合污染指数法对土壤质量进行了现状评价,并采用Tessier五步连续萃取法对超标重金属Cd、Ni和Zn进行了形态分析及生物活性分析。结果表明:1)Cr、Cu和Pb含量均未超过国标二级标准,Cd、Ni和Zn三种重金属含量均超标,工业区综合污染非常严重,主要污染元素是Cd;2)Cd、Ni和Zn在土壤中的形态分布差异性较大,Cd主要以铁锰氧化物结合态存在,Ni和Zn主要以残渣态和铁锰氧化物结合态存在;3)金属生物活性系数大小顺序为Cd>Zn>Ni,迁移系数的大小顺序是Cd>Zn>Ni,其中Cd的生态风险很大。     

Interaction between Cd and Pb in the soil-plant system: a case study of an arid oasis soil-cole system

The Hexi Corridor,our study area,is located in Northwest China and is also the most developed area of oasis farming in arid regions of Northwestern China.However,the rapid development of metallurgy and chemical industries in this region poses a great threat to the accumulation of heavy metals in crops.The objectives of this study are(1)to determine the influence of heavy metals on plant growth;(2)to assess the translocation capability of heavy metals in soil-plant system;and(3)to investigate the interaction between heavy metals.Pot experiments were conducted on cole(Brassica campestris L.)grown in the arid oasis soils singly and jointly treated with cadmium(Cd)and lead(Pb).Nine treatments were applied into the pots.Under the same planting conditions,three scenarios of Cd,Pb and Cd–Pb were designed to compare the interaction between Cd and Pb.The results showed that the response of cole weights to Cd,Pb and Cd–Pb treatments was slight,while Cd and Pb uptakes in cole were more sensitive to the single effects of Cd and Pb concentration in soils from the lower treatment levels.Under the influence of the single Cd,Pb and joint Cd–Pb treatments,Cd concentrations were lower in the cole roots than in the shoots,while for Pb,the results were opposite.Comparison studies revealed that the interaction of Cd and Pb could weaken the cole’s ability to uptake,concentrate and translocate heavy metals in arid oasis soils.     

Potato absorption and phytoavailability of Cd,Ni, Cu,Zn and Pb in sierozem soils amended with municipal sludge compost

Effects of sludge utilization on the mobility and phytoavailability of heavy metals in soil-plant systems have attracted broad attention in recent years. In this study, we analyzed the effects of municipal sludge compost(MSC) on the solubility and plant uptake of Cd, Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb in a soil-potato system to explore the mobility, potato plant uptake and enrichment of these five heavy metals in sierozem soils amended with MSC through a potato cultivation trial in Lanzhou University of China in 2014. Ridge regression analysis was conducted to investigate the phytoavailability of heavy metals in amended soils. Furthermore, CaCl_2, CH_3 COONH_4, CH_3COOH, diethylene triamine pentacetic acid(DTPA) and ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid(EDTA) were used to extract the labile fraction of heavy metals from the amended soils. The results show that the MSC could not only improve the fertility but also increase the dissolved organic carbon(DOC) content of sierozem soils. The total concentrations and labile fraction proportions of heavy metals increase with increasing MSC percentage in sierozem soils. In amended soils, Cd has the highest solubility and mobility while Ni has the lowest solubility and mobility among the five heavy metals. The MSC increases the concentrations of heavy metals in the root, stem, peel and tuber of the potato plant, with the concentrations being much higher in the stem and root than in the peel and tuber. Among the five heavy metals, the bioconcentration factor value of Cd is the highest, while that of Ni is the lowest. The complexing agent(DTPA and EDTA) extractable fractions of heavy metals are the highest in terms of phytoavailability. Soil properties(including organic matter, p H and DOC) have important impacts on the phytoavailability of heavy metals. Our results suggest that in soil-potato systems, although the MSC may improve soil fertility, it can also increase the risk of soils exposed to heavy metals.     

芹菜不同种植方式对3种蔬菜田烟粉虱的控制作用

通过在黄瓜、辣椒、番茄3种蔬菜田四周和行间间作芹菜(品种‘中华药芹’),研究芹菜不同种植方式和不同间作密度对3种蔬菜上烟粉虱的控制作用。结果表明,辣椒田以8∶1(每8行辣椒间作1行芹菜)、5∶1、3∶1的比例间作芹菜,烟粉虱虫口减退率最高分别可达62.45%、73.33%、86.67%,周植(在蔬菜种植小区四周"围栏状"种植1行芹菜,株距10cm)虫口减退率与芹菜间作5∶1相当;黄瓜田以1∶1和3∶1密度间作芹菜,烟粉虱虫口减退率最高分别可达77.14%、42.86%、5∶1间作时与对照差异不显著,周植芹菜仅在黄瓜生育前中期对烟粉虱有一定控制效果,在黄瓜生育后期无明显的控制效果;番茄田以3∶1与5∶1间作芹菜,烟粉虱虫口减退率最高分别可达90.12%、75.49%、8∶1间作时与对照差异不显著,周植芹菜仅在番茄生育前期对烟粉虱有一定控制效果,在番茄生育中后期无明显的控制效果。     

兰州市表层土壤Cu、Zn、Pb污染评价及成因分析

本文通过调查研究分析 ,对兰州市表层土壤重金属 (Cu、Zn、Pb)含量的空间变化及污染程度进行了评价 ,探讨分析了交通、工业活动以及绿化带对城市重金属污染的影响。结果表明 ,兰州市表层土壤除个别点外均已受到重金属污染 ,其污染程度取决于交通所产生的汽车尾气、扬尘 ;另外 ,工业活动和绿化带对重金属污染的影响也是相当明显的     

Migration and accumulation of heavy metals in disturbed landscapes in developing ore deposits,East Kazakhstan

This paper studied the contents of heavy metals and their accumulation in the disturbed landscapes in ore deposits of East Kazakhstan. A total of 14 sites were examined in Zyrynovsky and Tishinsk deposits and Ridder town, and 50 soil samples were taken. Results indicated that the contents of heavy metals in the soil reached the maximum permissible concentration. Emissions of the zinc plant negatively affected the soil of nearby territories. In the remediated areas, a high concentration of heavy metals was observed at a depth where the bulk soil borders the rock. Accumulation of heavy metals on the surface of the remediated areas occurred due to biological accumulation in the plant. Plants transmitted heavy elements through the root system to the upper vegetative organs, making them accumulate in the upper layers of the soil. The heavy metals migrated and accumulated from the lower layers to the surface layers of the soil. The absence of soil meso-fauna resulted in the contamination of soil by heavy metals. The analysis of water samples, taken from the waste storages and the waste waters with heavy metals in the Zyryanovsk deposit and Ridder town, revealed severe water contamination.     

博斯腾湖湿地Cu、Ni和Pb的分布特征及其生态风险

为探讨博斯腾湖湿地重金属分布特征及其潜在生态风险,采集博斯腾湖湿地表层沉积物样品,利用HNO_3-HF-HClO_4体系及全自动石墨消解仪消解,以AAS原子吸收光谱仪-石墨炉法测定Cu、Ni和Pb的含量。研究发现:博斯腾湖湿地沉积物中Cu、Ni和Pb的含量分别达到12.11(7.37~28.75)mg·kg~(-1)、117.51(90.03~195.38)mg·kg~(-1)和6.94(0.99~23.19)mg·kg~(-1),Cu和Pb的含量均低于背景值,而Ni的含量远高于背景值,是背景值的4.66倍。重金属累积程度依次为:NiCuPb,Ni的地累积指数处于2级以上污染水平,Cu和Pb地累积指数均处于0级污染水平,Ni为博斯腾湖湿地沉积物中主要富集的重金属元素,Cu和Pb基本无富集;3种重金属累积程度均存在明显的空间差异,其中,博斯腾湖西岸的累积程度相对偏高。湿地沉积物中Cu、Ni和Pb的潜在生态风险均为低等级,可产生轻微生态危害;但Ni对湿地重金属综合潜在生态风险贡献度最高,其潜在生态风险不容忽视;就整个环湖区湿地来看,西岸潜在生态风险相对偏高,与累积程度的评价结果趋于一致。