不同量的吡虫啉防治小麦蚜虫田间效果

10％吡虫啉每667m^2分别以10--20g的用量与对照药剂40％乐果1500倍液防治小麦蚜虫田间防效试验。结果表明：以每667m2用量为15g、20g为防治效果最佳。药后1d防效分别为90．01％、91．7％．5d防效分别为95．5％、97．04％,10d分别为98％、99．41％,15d分别为96．63％、96．45％,20d的防效分别达到95．14％和94．23％,与40％氧乐果相当,其速效性与氧乐果基本一致,持效性较氧乐果略好。     

吡虫啉浸拌种对玉米苗期虫害控制效果

吡虫啉浸拌种对玉米苗期虫害控制效果李钦存程爱英杨文君（河南滑县四间房农业技术推广站４５６４８７）（河南省农业委员会４５６４００）蓟马、灰飞虱、蚜虫、瑞典蝇、玉米旋心虫等是我区玉米苗期主要害虫,可造成玉米枯心,心叶破碎、扭曲,叶片粘连等症,严重影响玉米...     

吡虫啉拌种预防高粱蚜试验

吡虫啉70%种子处理可分散粉剂、吡虫啉600g/L悬浮种衣剂拌种预防高粱田蚜虫对比试验结果显示,吡虫啉拌种对高粱田蚜虫有较好防效,最佳浓度为种子量的0.7%,防治效果达72.6%。     

360g／L吡·高氯SC防治小麦蚜虫田间药效试验报告

供试药剂360g／L吡·高氯SC对小麦蚜虫有较好的防效，667m。用12ml药后1d的防效达到86．6％，药后14d的防效仍达到99．6％，具有较好的速效性和持效性。     

吡虫啉及其复配剂不同施药方法对油菜蚜虫控制效果

2006-2009年,采用拌种和播种沟施药的方法,于河南郑州研究了新烟碱类杀虫剂吡虫啉及吡虫啉.辛硫磷复配剂对油菜蚜虫的全程控制效果。小区试验结果表明,用吡虫啉有效成分5g/kg种子拌种仅能有效控制苗期油菜蚜虫的危害,防治效果为90.79%～100%,对中后期油菜蚜虫控制效果不明显;用吡虫啉600g/hm2及吡虫啉.辛硫磷复配剂1320g/hm2采用播种沟施药对油菜蚜虫的防治效果分别为91.82%～94.49%和90.68%～95.34%;试验示范验证防治效果在92%以上,持效期长达7个月以上,可以达到一次用药控制油菜整个生长期蚜虫为害的效果,减少了用药次数,此方法简单易行、保护环境、保护天敌,是一种简化高效的具有推广价值的油菜蚜虫可持续控制技术。     

几种常用药剂对小麦蚜虫防治效果试验

经试验毒死蜱48%EC、吡虫啉10%WP、高效氯氟氰菊酯2.5%EC、氧乐果40%EC对小麦蚜虫均有良好的防治效果,药效稳定,是防治小麦蚜虫的理想药剂。     

吡虫啉拌种防治北方玉米蚜虫效果评价

本试验选用了吡虫啉70%可湿性粉剂和吡虫啉60%悬浮种衣剂的两种不同含量、不同剂型药剂对北方玉米田玉米蚜虫进行了田间防治试验。结果表明,各处理浓度的药剂对玉米蚜虫的防治效果均显著高于空白对照;其中吡虫啉70%可湿性粉剂在不同施用剂量(500、600、700g/100kg种子处理)下,防治玉米蚜虫的平均效果分别为57.87%、77.22%和79.68%;吡虫啉60%悬浮种衣剂(700g/100g种子处理)两年的平均防治效果为75.24%。此试验更值得一提的是防治方法——利用化学农药的内吸作用和种子处理的方法相结合防治刺吸式口器害虫,可取代以往田间常规喷雾的防治方法,可避免伤害玉米田中的天敌,保护了田间的生态平衡,同时可兼防玉米田地下害虫。     

静电喷雾技术防治小麦蚜虫的效果调查

通过试验,调查了静电喷雾技术对小麦蚜虫的田间防治效果、作业效率及其节水、节药性能.结果表明,采用静电喷雾器械施药,其喷施均匀度与防虫效果均好于常规喷雾器械,作业效率和节药、节水性能也明显优于常规药械.     

印楝素对小麦蚜虫的防治效果和应用技术

田间药效试验表明,1.2%印楝素乳油对小麦蚜虫的防治效果好。每667 m2用63~83 mL,药后3 d、7 d、10 d和15 d,对小麦蚜虫的防治效果分别在63.35%~80.14%、74.99%~93.33%、74.42%~93.15%和73.61%~92.99%。该药剂速效性较差,持效性好,药效持续时间长,在全国小麦产区均可作为防治小麦蚜虫的有效药剂,替代化学农药进行推广使用。     

吡虫啉拌种控虱防矮效果及对水稻成苗的影响

南方水稻黑条矮缩病是我国南方稻区重要水稻病毒病.通过研究,验证了60％吡虫啉FS 3.33 g/kg稻种处理能明显促进水稻成苗和生长,拌种14d后稻株叶鞘中吡虫啉含量0.019 0 mg/kg.60％吡虫啉FS 10 g/kg稻种处理的白背飞虱虫口减退率为69.4％,对南方水稻黑条矮缩病的平均病株防效达73.6％,控虱防矮效果较好.     

新烟碱类杀虫剂种子包衣防治麦蚜的可行性评价

为评价不同新烟碱类杀虫剂处理种子防治小麦蚜虫的应用潜力,采用种子包衣法分别在室内及田间比较了吡虫啉、噻虫嗪、啶虫脒、烯啶虫胺、噻虫啉防治小麦蚜虫的效果及安全性,并测定了吡虫啉和噻虫嗪的持效、对天敌和小麦产量的影响及其在小麦籽粒中的最终残留量。结果表明,在2.4、3.6和4.8 g/kg种子剂量下,啶虫脒明显降低小麦出苗率,而其它药剂均无显著影响;至抽穗前烯啶虫胺、啶虫脒和噻虫啉对麦蚜的防效低,吡虫啉和噻虫嗪则均有较高防效,在58.17%以上,而在小麦抽穗扬花期防效下降,为33.57%~60.46%。吡虫啉和噻虫嗪对叶部麦蚜防效均相应高于穗部。与喷雾处理相比,吡虫啉、噻虫嗪各剂量种子包衣对瓢虫和蚜茧蜂等天敌昆虫影响小,在3.6、4.8 g/kg种子剂量下,小麦千粒重和产量无显著差异,且在小麦籽粒中的残留量低。表明吡虫啉和噻虫嗪种子包衣防治麦蚜的应用潜力大。     

Risk posed to honeybees (Apis mellifera L,Hymenoptera) by an imidacloprid seed dressing of sunflowers

In a greenhouse metabolism study, sunflowers were seed‐treated with radiolabelled imidacloprid in a 700 g kg^?1 WS formulation (Gaucho® WS 70) at 0.7 mg AI per seed, and the nature of the resulting residues in nectar and pollen was determined. Only the parent compound and no metabolites were detected in nectar and pollen of these seed‐treated sunflower plants (limit of detection <0.001 mg kg^?1). In standard LD₅₀ laboratory tests, imidacloprid showed high oral toxicity to honeybees (Apis mellifera), with LD₅₀ values between 3.7 and 40.9 ng per bee, corresponding to a lethal food concentration between 0.14 and 1.57 mg kg^?1. The residue level of imidacloprid in nectar and pollen of seed‐treated sunflower plants in the field was negligible. Under field‐growing conditions no residues were detected (limit of detection: 0.0015 mg kg^?1) in either nectar or pollen. There were also no detectable residues in nectar and pollen of sunflowers planted as a succeeding crop in soils which previously had been cropped with imidacloprid seed‐treated plants. Chronic feeding experiments with sunflower honey fortified with 0.002, 0.005, 0.010 and 0.020 mg kg^?1 imidacloprid were conducted to assess potential long‐term adverse effects on honeybee colonies. Testing end‐points in this 39‐day feeding study were mortality, feeding activity, wax/comb production, breeding performance and colony vitality. Even at the highest test concentration, imidacloprid showed no adverse effects on the development of the exposed bee colonies. This no‐adverse‐effect concentration of 0.020 mg kg^?1 compares with a field residue level of less than 0.0015 mg kg^?1 ( = limit of detection in the field residue studies) which clearly shows that a sunflower seed dressing with imidacloprid poses no risk to honeybees. This conclusion is confirmed by observations made in more than 10 field studies and several tunnel tests. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry     

三种杀虫剂对麦田蚜虫和捕食性天敌群落的影响

以2种选择性杀虫剂吡虫啉、抗蚜威和一种广谱性杀虫剂氧化乐果为试验材料，研究了选择性杀虫剂对麦田蚜虫和捕食性天敌群落结构特征的影响。结果表明，施用选择性杀虫剂的小区在农药持效期内麦蚜群落的多样性指数和均匀度低于空白对照区，高于氧化乐果处理区，而优势度和优势集中度高于空白对照区，低于氧化乐果处理区；捕食性天敌群落的多样性指数低于空白对照区，高于氧化乐果处理区，优势度和优势集中度高于空白对照区，低于氧化乐果处理区。选择性杀虫剂处理区瓢蚜比小于空白对照区和氧化乐果处理区，且有效期长达15－16d。根据害虫和天敌发生的特点及选择性杀虫剂的特性，提出了麦蚜的有效防治措施，即在麦蚜为害关键时期，每667m^2用吡虫啉1g(ai)或抗蚜威2.5g(ai)喷施1次，再利用自然天敌调控作用，即可有效控制麦蚜。     

Experimental study on the toxicity of imidacloprid given in syrup to honey bee (Apis mellifera) colonies

Two groups of eight honey bee colonies were fed with two different concentrations of imidacloprid in saccharose syrup during summer (each colony was given 1 litre of saccharose syrup containing 0.5 microg litre(-1) or 5 microg litre(-1) of imidacloprid on 13 occasions). Their development and survival were followed in parallel with control hives (unfed or fed with saccharose syrup) until the end of the following winter. The parameters followed were: adult bee activity (number of bee entering the hive and pollen carrying activity), adult bee population level, capped brood area, frequency of parasitic and other diseases, mortality, number of frames with brood after wintering and a global score of colonies after wintering. The only parameters linked to feeding with imidacloprid-supplemented saccharose syrup when compared with feeding with non-supplemented syrup were: a statistically non-significant higher activity index of adult bees, a significantly higher frequency of pollen carrying during the feeding period and a larger number of capped brood cells. When imidacloprid was no longer applied, activity and pollen carrying were re-established at a similar level for all groups. Repeated feeding with syrup supplemented with imidacloprid did not provoke any immediate or any delayed mortality before, during or following the next winter, whereas such severe effects are described by several French bee keepers as a consequence of imidacloprid use for seed dressing in neighbouring cultures. In any case, during the whole study, mortality was very low in all groups, with no difference between imidacloprid-fed and control colonies. Further research should now address several hypotheses: the troubles described by bee keepers have causes other than imidacloprid; if such troubles are really due to this insecticide, they may only be observed either when bees consume contaminated pollen, when no other sources of food are available, in the presence of synergic factors (that still need to be identified), with some particular races of bees or when colonies are not strong and healthy.     

哈茨木霉拌种对冬小麦生长、土传病害及根际真菌群落的影响

为了明确哈茨木霉LTR-2拌种处理冬小麦的田间效果,为木霉拌种剂的推广应用提供依据,本试验从2016年－2018年连续3年,研究了哈茨木霉LTR-2拌种对小麦出苗率、幼苗生长、小麦纹枯病和茎基腐病发生情况和产量的影响,通过高通量测序和FUNGuild预测分析了木霉拌种对小麦根际土壤中真菌群落组成的影响。结果表明,哈茨木霉LTR-2拌种可以提高小麦的出苗率和冬前分蘖数;对小麦纹枯病的平均防效60%以上;对小麦茎基腐病的平均防效65%以上,优于6%戊唑醇悬浮种衣剂;与不拌种对照相比,哈茨木霉LTR-2拌种处理增产4.3%~6.34%,增产效果略高于6%戊唑醇悬浮种衣剂;木霉拌种可以降低小麦根际土壤中病原真菌的相对丰度,特别是土壤中镰孢属真菌的相对丰度。因此,哈茨木霉LTR-2可以作为化学拌种剂的绿色替代产品用于小麦生产。     

70%噻虫嗪种子处理可分散粉剂和10%吡虫啉可湿性粉剂拌种对马铃薯甲虫的防效

利用药剂拌种处理马铃薯种薯后播种的方法,研究比较了2种新烟碱类杀虫剂对马铃薯甲虫的活性和防治效果。结果表明,按药剂有效成分18 g/100 kg种薯拌种,70%噻虫嗪种子处理可分散粉剂拌种出苗后60 d对马铃薯甲虫幼虫的生物活性和防效较高,卵块孵化率较低,死亡率在61.1%以上,防效达57.3%,孵化率为36%,这有利于降低马铃薯甲虫种群数量,减轻为害。而10%吡虫啉可湿性粉剂拌种出苗后60d对马铃薯甲虫幼虫生物活性和防效较低,卵块孵化率较高,死亡率在12.5%以下,防效为37.1%,孵化率为64.6%,对马铃薯甲虫的控制效果较差。     

基于小波神经网络和BP神经网络的麦蚜发生期预测对比

为建立更准确、稳定的病虫害预测预报模型,减少农作物病虫害损失、提高农作物产量与质量,运用主成分分析法从42个基础气象因子中整合形成8个新的自变量输入模型,采用试凑法对网络关键参数进行筛选,用2002-2011年数据进行网络训练,建立了以Morlet小波函数为传递函数的小波神经网络模型,并与以Sigmoid函数为传递函数的BP神经网络模型进行了比较.在小波神经网络训练过程中,有6年拟合精度在90％以上,平均拟合精度为89％,预测结果MAPE值为4.1939,MSE值为5.9764;在BP神经网络的训练过程中,有4年拟合精度超过90％,平均拟合精度仅为81.07％,预测结果中MAPE值为6.4694,MSE值为8.2457.从训练结果看,小波神经网络更能准确描述麦蚜发生期的变化规律,其拟合能力较BP神经网络好;从预测精度和模型的稳定性来看,小波神经网络好于BP神经网络.     

麦类作物对蚜虫抗性机制及抗性遗传研究进展

小麦蚜虫是小麦上的重大害虫, 严重威胁小麦产量和粮食安全。种植抗虫品种为最经济有效的麦蚜防控措施之一, 充分了解小麦品种对蚜虫的抗性及其机制是培育与利用抗性品种的基础。本文对近10年来小麦抗蚜品种的鉴定筛选、抗蚜机理、抗蚜基因与抗性遗传, 以及转基因抗蚜小麦创制等研究进展进行了系统综述, 并对今后研究进行展望, 以期为深入研究小麦对蚜虫抗性机制, 促进抗虫小麦改良, 并为抗虫品种在麦蚜绿色防控中应用提供参考。