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1.
陶娟  万华星  谢立群 《植物保护》2012,38(4):124-126
为探求诱导樟巢螟(Orthaga achatina Butler)滞育的临界光周期及敏感虫态(期),在室内25℃和28℃下观察不同光周期对樟巢螟滞育的影响,并利用不同长光照和短光照组合对樟巢螟幼虫的不同龄期进行处理,掌握樟巢螟的敏感虫态(期)。结果表明光周期为L∥D=12.0h∥12.0h,L∥D=12.5h∥11.5h,L∥D=13.0h∥11.0h时,在25℃下,樟巢螟的滞育率分别为100%,94.80%和97.60%;在28℃下,滞育率分别为98.55%,99.05%和83.50%。当光周期为L∥D=13.5h∥10.5h,在25℃和28℃下,樟巢螟的滞育率分别为42.38%和34.05%。樟巢螟属长日照发育型昆虫,在25℃时诱导滞育的临界光周期是13.565h,在28℃时是13.364h。25℃时樟巢螟对光照反应最敏感的时期是4~5龄期,1~3龄次之,卵期最不敏感。  相似文献   

2.
为明确茶足柄瘤蚜茧蜂Lysiphlebus testaceipes人工诱导滞育的最佳条件,于室内条件下测定不同温度和光周期处理对该蜂滞育诱导的影响,并通过测定不同温度条件下的滞育率来确定滞育僵蚜的最佳贮藏时间。结果显示:25℃下培养茶足柄瘤蚜茧蜂120 h达高龄幼虫时,对其进行滞育诱导,此时该蜂滞育率最高;表明高龄幼虫期是其感受滞育信号的敏感时期,蛹是该蜂的滞育虫态。在温度为8~16℃、光照时间为8~14 h的范围内,随着温度的降低和光照时间的缩短,茶足柄瘤蚜茧蜂的滞育率呈增加趋势,其中在8℃、光周期8 L:16 D条件下其滞育率最高,为73.58%;当温度为16℃时,光照时间处于8~14 h范围内,该蜂不能进入滞育状态。在8℃下持续诱导30、40 d,茶足柄瘤蚜茧蜂的滞育率分别为72.38%和67.54%。在4℃下将滞育僵蚜贮藏90 d,与非滞育僵蚜相比,滞育僵蚜的羽化率和子代蜂的寄生率均无显著差异;冷藏120 d,滞育僵蚜的羽化率仍能达到69.64%。表明茶足柄瘤蚜茧蜂属低温短日照滞育型昆虫,最佳滞育诱导条件为25℃培育120 h后,转入8℃、8 L:16 D环境中连续诱导30 d;滞育僵蚜在4℃下可储存90~120 d。  相似文献   

3.
光周期对异色瓢虫生殖滞育的影响   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
为明确光周期对异色瓢虫Harmonia axyridis(Pallas)生殖滞育的影响,于20 ℃条件下测定了13个光周期组合对异色瓢虫滞育率的影响和不同虫态对滞育诱导光周期的敏感性。结果表明:20 ℃条件下,异色瓢虫的滞育临界光周期为6.4 L:17.6 D和11.9 L:8.1 D,光周期10 L:14 D下异色瓢虫滞育率最高为94.2%。异色瓢虫的不同发育阶段对短光照10 L:14 D的敏感性测定表明,成虫阶段对光周期反应最敏感,且成虫羽化后1~4 d对短光照的敏感性较高。结果证实异色瓢虫属于典型的短日照滞育型,成虫羽化初期是感应光周期反应的敏感虫期。  相似文献   

4.
伞裙追寄蝇是草地螟的优势寄生天敌,是对草地螟进行防控的有效手段之一。为了提高天敌防控效果,本试验在室内条件下通过温度和光周期的设定,研究了伞裙追寄蝇的外源滞育诱导条件和低温储藏。结果表明,17℃下光照时间小于12 h,伞裙追寄蝇滞育率为100%,随着温度的升高,滞育率逐渐下降,29℃时,伞裙追寄蝇不发生滞育;不同温度(4~25℃)储藏后伞裙追寄蝇羽化性比为1.38~1.63(P>0.05);16℃时伞裙追寄蝇滞育诱导临界光周期为12.53 h,18℃时临界光周期为11.12 h;越冬虫茧低温储藏后羽化率随着储藏时间的延长而下降。结果说明,温度对伞裙追寄蝇滞育起主导作用,在伞裙追寄蝇幼虫期施以低温处理,可以有效的诱导滞育,4℃低温贮藏最佳时间为50 d。  相似文献   

5.
光照和温度对螟卵啮小蜂滞育的影响   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
本研究表明,螟卵啮小蜂幼虫期的滞育主要由光照时间的长短所决定。造成幼虫滞育的临界光照时间在12小时到12小时30分之间。短日照控制滞育的温度上限为24℃左右。螟卵啮小蜂对光照的敏感虫态为早期幼虫,在短光照持续作用下,发育到老熟幼虫即进入滞育。短光照持续作用能较长时间地控制螟卵啮小蜂幼虫期的滞育。滞育一个月的老熟幼虫转入25℃长光照下,其羽化率为95.16%;滞育两个月的,羽化率仍达64.29%。  相似文献   

6.
供试砂叶螨采自河南省新乡县棉田(35°N)。该种叶螨对光周期的反应属于长日照型,临界光周期在20℃条件下为11.2小时。供试种群在短光照下诱发滞育后,不经低温处理,立即放于长光照30℃下,可全部解除滞育。高温对滞育率有降低的效应,每日10小时光照时间,在20、25和30℃时的滞育率分别为100%、69.2%和49.1%。  相似文献   

7.
光周期和温度对黑纹粉蝶滞育诱导的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
在南昌郊区(28°46’N,115°50’E)研究了光周期和温度对黑纹粉蝶滞育诱导的影响。结果表明:(1)夏季滞育和冬季滞育分别被校长日照和短日照诱导,而非滞育的发育仅出现在一段较短和中性的光照范围内(12h~13h15min)。因此,该虫基本属于一种中性日照型的昆虫。(2)在诱导滞育的光周期范围内,在较高的温度下,较长日照对滞有诱导的作用明显减弱,而短日照基本保持不变。(3)2龄末和4龄初的幼虫是感应光周期最敏感的时期。在自然条件下,田间种群的临界光周期在日平均气温20.5℃时为12h30min。(4)高温在一定程度上既能抑制短日照诱发滞育的作用,也能够抑制长日照诱发滞育的作用,减少滞育发生比例。  相似文献   

8.
棉铃虫滞育的诱导因素研究   总被引:12,自引:3,他引:12  
作者以河南省新乡县棉铃虫为材料研究了我国北方棉区棉铃虫滞育的诱导因素,结果表明,食物质量对棉铃铃虫滞影响不大,光帮温度是诱导该虫滞育的主要因素,以12:12(光照时数:黑暗时数)光周期诱导作用最强,高温对滞育有明显的抑制作用,幼虫是感受滞育信息的敏感虫态,不同虫龄间感受程度差别不大。在22℃、12:12光周期下幼虫以少一半时间接受短光照处理才能产生滞育个体,处理时间越长滞育率越高。供试棉铃虫在22  相似文献   

9.
母代光照经历对菜蛾盘绒茧蜂滞育发生的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
室内研究了在同一温度(25℃)3、种不同光照条件(8L∶16D、12L∶12D、16L∶8D)下饲养的菜蛾盘绒茧蜂,其后代在4种不同温度(13、15、17、20℃)和2种光周期(8L∶16D、11L∶13D)下饲养的滞育率变化情况。结果表明:母代的光照经历、子代饲养温度和光照周期这3个滞育诱导因素都会显著地影响滞育率。母代的光周期经历与子代诱导滞育的温度或光周期之间、子代诱导滞育的温度与光周期之间均存在交互作用,但3个因素间的交互作用不显著。母代在长日照条件下饲养可以降低子代诱导滞育的临界温度。子代在较低温度下饲养,母代经历的光周期对子代滞育的发生影响不大,甚至没有影响;但当子代在相对较高温度下饲养,母代经历的光周期对子代滞育发生的影响十分明显。  相似文献   

10.
为实现赤眼蜂滞育技术在工厂化生产中的应用,在实验室条件下测定了诱导始期(卵期,幼虫前期、中期、后期,预蛹初期)、温度(8、10、12和14℃)及诱导历期(10、20、30和40 d)对松毛虫赤眼蜂Trichogramma dendrolimi滞育诱导的作用,并对其解除滞育的条件进行了探索。结果表明:松毛虫赤眼蜂从卵期到预蛹初期均可被诱导滞育,以幼虫中期诱导效果最佳。12℃为诱导松毛虫赤眼蜂滞育的最适温度,12℃下诱导滞育20 d,松毛虫赤眼蜂即可进入稳定的滞育状态,滞育率达97.4%。赤眼蜂滞育后,需经过一段时间的低温后才能完成滞育发育。滞育松毛虫赤眼蜂在3℃条件下储藏70 d,解除滞育率达95.9%,3℃条件下经历各储存时间的滞育解除率均高于0℃。  相似文献   

11.
In 1992 and 1993, sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) crops in Israel were heavily damaged by the western flower thrips (WFT),Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). Adult females appear in the heads of sunflower just as the latter begin to blossom; the population decreases towards completion of anthesis. The damage to kernels is greatest at the periphery of the heads, where flowers appear first, and lowest at the center. Fields sown early in the season (in March) are usually the ones infested most by WFT and suffering the greatest damage. Fields sown one month later are less infested, since predatory bugs of the genusOrius are very active at that time.  相似文献   

12.
Tobacco streak virus in sunflower (Helianthus annuus)   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Tobacco streak virus (TSV) was isolated from a plant of sunflower (Helianthus annuus) showing severe necrosis and chlorosis in the leaves. The virus was identified as TSV by serology and, to some extent, by host range. The type of symptoms varied with the host plant in which the virus had been propagated in successive transfers. Test plants inoculated with the virus propagated inNicotiana rustica produced symptoms which very much differed from those brought about by the virus from eitherN. clevelandii orChenopodium amaranticolor.The significance of the host-mediated variation in symptoms is discussed.Samenvatting Tabaksstrepenvirus (TSV) werd geïsoleerd uit zonnebloem (Helianthus annuus) die sterke necrose en chlorose van de bladeren vertoonde. De identiteit van het virus werd vastgesteld op grond van serologische reacties en, tot op zekere hoogte, de symptomatologie. Het type symptoom op de toetsplanten bleek echter sterk afhankelijk te zijn van de plant waarvan het inoculum afkomstig was. Was het virus verschillende malen achtereen vermeerderd inNicotiana rustica dan waren de symptomen op de toetsplanten zeer verschillend van die, welke werden veroorzaakt door virus vermeerderd inN. clevelandii ofChenopodium amaranticolor. De betekenis van deze door de waardplant bewerkstelligde variatie in symptomen wordt besproken.  相似文献   

13.
A Helicoverpa armigera population was collected from Shandong province, China. After 15 generations of selection in the laboratory, the H. armigera strain developed more than 20-fold resistance to spinosad. At LD50 level, no significant cross-resistance was found between spinosad and chlorpyrifos, methomyl, avermectin and chlorfenapyr except for fenvalerate with a low cross-resistance of 2.4-fold. However, LD99 values of fenvalerate against the parental and resistant strains were not different significantly. After inhibitors were used, spinosad resistance could be partially suppressed by piperonylbutoxide (PBO) and triphenylphosphate (TPP), but not by diethylmaleate (DEM). Activities of p-nitroanisole O-demethylase (ODM) developed to 8.26-fold compared with the parental strain, but no obvious changes were found in activities of carboxyl esterase (CarE) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST). The results indicated that resistance to spinosad in the cotton bollworm might be associated with an increase in cytochrome P450 monooxygenase.  相似文献   

14.
Liriomyza cicerina (Diptera: Agromyzidae) is an important pest on chickpea in Turkey. The objective of this study was to determine the parasitoids and rates of parasitism ofL. cicerina on chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) during the 2005 and 2006 seasons in ?anl?urfa province, Turkey. Leaves with mines were sampled weekly and kept in the laboratory to observe and count emerging leafminer and parasitoid adults. Eight parasitoid species were collected: the braconidsOpius monilicornis Fischer andOpius tersus Foerster and the eulophidsDiaulinopsis arenaria (Erdös) andNeochrysocharis formosa (Westwood), which occurred in both the winter and summer seasons;Diglyphus crassinervis Erdös,Neochrysocharis ambitiosa Hansson,Neochrysocharis sericea (Erdös) andPediobius metallicus (Nees), which occurred only in the summer growing areas.Diaulinopsis arenaria was the predominant parasitoid with 4–7.7% parasitism rate whileN. ambitiosa andO. monilicornis were the second and third most predominant species. The results of these trials show that sinceDia. arenaria occurred throughout every season, it could potentially be used for control of the leafminerL. cicerina.  相似文献   

15.
Among several factors that influence silk yield, insect and non-insect pests form an important component. Of the insects that attack silkworm, the most important are the tachinid parasites which are commonly known as ujiflies. There are at least four species of ujifly that attack silkworms viz., Japanese ujifly, Crossocosmia sericariae (Rondani); Hime ujifly, Ctenophorocera pavida (Meigen); Tasar ujifly, Blepharipa zebina (Walker) and the Indian ujifly, Exorista bombycis (Louis). This review discusses distribution and history, taxonomy and bio-ecology of the ujifly. Among the different management practices used, cultural methods such as exclusion, i.e. fitting fly-proof wire mesh screens to the windows, ventilators and doors of rearing rooms and securing fly proof nylon net to individual trays, are found to be the most eco-friendly and economical. Other practices such as the use of hyper parasitoids, chemicals, chemosterilants, quarantine measures and lastly the integrated management practices have also been presented.  相似文献   

16.
In this article, we review studies of the ecology of the larger grain borer, Protephanus truncatus, both outside and within the maize storage systems. Laboratory studies have shown that P. truncatus can breed on a wide range of woody substrates (branches, roots, and seeds). Pheromone trap catches in different habitats strongly suggest that P. truncatus is well-established in certain non-agricultural environments, presumably breeding in dead or dying wood. In Meso-America, West and East Africa, P. truncatus reproduction in the field has been documented in branches ring-barked by cerambycid beetles. Within a maize store, P. truncatus densities can increase from very small initial colonies of probably less than 200 individuals to densities in excess of 1000 beetles per kg after about 4–6 months of storage. Insect parasitoids are very often found in smallholders' grain stores attacked by P. truncatus, but they do not contribute significantly to population regulation. Declines in maize store population levels in Benin from 1993 to 1996, and in adult abundance in pheromone traps in the natural environment in Kenya, have been attributed to predation by the introduced predator, Teretrius nigrescens, but in recent years pheromone trap catches in West Africa suggest that the situation may be complex. Several environmental factors, notably temperature, humidity, and daylength, and their interactions, have been correlated with P. truncatus flight activity, as well as, in West Africa, the emptying of maize stores. Laboratory experiments have shown food quality also affects flight activity. Factors terminating dispersal and flight are most likely attraction to the male-released aggregation pheromone. Short range attraction to plant volatiles has also been recorded. In Africa the highest densities of P. truncatus tend to occur in humid lowlands, which contrasts with the situation in meso-America where P. truncatus tend to occur in greatest numbers in cooler upland regions. Pheromone trap catches can be significant predictors of the risk of stores becoming infested. Coupled with the development of a rule-based model of flight activity, these studies may offer the prospect of predicting the risk of store infestation based upon temperature and humidity measurements.  相似文献   

17.
The main fungi affecting black locust(Robinia pseudoacacia L.) were recorded during a survey which took place in northern Greece in 1997. It was found thatPhomopsis oncostoma (Thüm.) v. Höhn,Aglaospora profusa (Fr.) de Not. andCucurbitaria elongata (@#@ Fr.) Grev. cause necroses of twigs, branches and even entire trees. The pathogenicity of these fungi was confirmed by inoculation experiments in which typical disease symptoms appeared with re-isolation of the respective fungi from the inoculated plants.  相似文献   

18.
以豌豆修尾蚜为猎物的大草蛉两性生命表和捕食率   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0       下载免费PDF全文
为明确大草蛉Chrysopa pallens (Rambur)的发育、存活、繁殖和捕食能力,利用年龄-龄期两性生命表方法,在25 ℃、光周期L 15:D 9条件下研究了以豌豆修尾蚜Megoura japonica (Matsumura)为猎物的大草蛉的生命表及其捕食率。结果表明:大草蛉雌成虫个体的繁殖力为683.6±55.99粒,种群的内禀增长率、周限增长率、净增殖率和平均世代周期分别为0.1247/d、1.133/d、333.64粒/个体和46.5 d;大草蛉幼虫、雌成虫和雄成虫个体的平均捕食率分别为145.25、1 192.47和669.08头。若考虑存活率,个体的净捕食率为1 026.26头;从猎物种群到捕食者后代的转化率为3.08;种群个体的稳定捕食率和周限捕食率分别为5.49和6.22头。表明以豌豆修尾蚜为猎物时,大草蛉表现出较好的个体发育、种群增长和捕食特性,豌豆修尾蚜可作为大草蛉人工繁殖选择的猎物之一。  相似文献   

19.
Preparations of pathogenesis-related (b) proteins (PRs) from differentNicotiana species, tomato,Gynura aurantiaca, bean, and cowpea were compared to each other and to bean chitinase and a constitutive apple agglutinin by electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels both in the absence and in the presence of SDS, and by serological double diffusion analysis using antisera against tobacco PRs and bean chitinase. PRs from different plant genera displayed a similar but not identical range of relative mobilities in both native and SDS gels, whereas bean chitinase and apple agglutinin were clearly different. None of the antisera reacted with any of the PR preparations from plant genera other than the one from which the antigen(s) had been derived. Whilst PRs within the genusNicotiana are serologically related and can be identical, PRs from different plant genera seem to be sufficiently different to be considered as genus-specific.  相似文献   

20.
Molecular markers are commonly used for determining the relationship between insect species. In this study, we investigated the relationship of six mealybug species,Planococcus citri (Risso),Planococcus ficus (Signoret),Planococcus vovae (Nasonov),Pseudococcus longispinus (Targioni Tozzetti),Pseudococcus viburni (Signoret) andPhenacoccus aceris (Signoret), sampled from Turkey, using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA-polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR). Of the 50 RAPD primers tested, 18 identified a total of 256 fragments of which all were polymorphic. Sufficient discrimination betweenP. citri andP. ficus was provided by several RAPD primers. The genetic distance values calculated for each pair-wise comparison ranged from 0.156 to 0.504. Cluster analyses of RAPD data clearly separated the species into two groups. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting May 4, 2007.  相似文献   

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