筛豆龟蝽发生规律及防治研究

筛豆龟蝽是浙江大豆上的主要害虫，年发生３代，６月中旬、８月中旬、９月下旬为主害期。春、夏大豆虫口密度分别在６～８２头／穴和５～６０头／穴时，大豆产量损失率为２．５９％～５０．８６％、０．５５％～３０．０６％。防治宜于若虫２～３龄高峰期，防治指标春大豆为８头／穴，夏大豆１１头／穴，药剂以敌杀死为佳     

筛豆龟蝽的暴发为害及防治技术初探

2002～2003年筛豆龟蝽[Megacoptacribraria(Fabricius)]在驻马店地区连续暴发,严重为害大豆。全市发生面积0.8万～1.0万hm2,约占大豆种植面积的15%。据笔者在驻马店市农科所试验站及上蔡、西平、确山等县调查,大豆被害株率80%～90%,平均百株虫量3200头,最高可达16000头以上。该     

筛豆龟蝽的发生与防治简报

筛豆龟蝽 Megacopta cribraria(Fabricius),半翅目,龟蝽科,是豆类的严重害虫之一。6～9月集中大豆顶部枝上吸汁,使秆变黑,叶变黄,豆不开花,不结荚,结了荚的也不饱满,损失达6～7成,严重者无收。并有逐年加重危害的趋势,应引起我们重视。多年观察,此虫每年发生2代,以成虫群集于山坡上岩石缝内及石块下潜优越冬,特     

利用累积虫日法评估点蜂缘蝽种群密度与春播大豆产量的关系

笔者于2019年研究了河北省中部地区春播大豆田点蜂缘蝽发生动态,据此制作了点蜂缘蝽在大豆田内的累积虫日指数图,并分析大豆不同生育时期点蜂缘蝽累积虫日与大豆产量的线性关系。结果表明,河北省点蜂缘蝽第1代成虫于7月中下旬开始转移到春播大豆田为害,待第2代成虫羽化后便逐渐迁出大豆田。分析点蜂缘蝽累积虫日与大豆产量关系,发现大豆嫩果期点蜂缘蝽累积虫日指数与大豆产量显著相关(P=0.026 6,R2=0.746 0),点蜂缘蝽高峰期累积虫日与大豆产量相关性次之,其R2为0.726 9,而大豆全生育期累积虫日与大豆产量R2为0.663 4。三种利用累积虫日法研究点蜂缘蝽对大豆产量影响线性相关性均高于采用点蜂缘蝽高峰期虫量的分析结果(R2为0.597 7),其中大豆嫩果期点蜂缘蝽累积虫日指数最能准确反映出其对大豆产量的影响。本研究将为大豆田点蜂缘蝽防治指标的确定,及其合理化学防治提供理论依据。     

棉盲蝽为害习性及防治技术

棉盲蝽是新疆北部棉区的重要害虫之一。由于重视不够，每年给棉花生产造成不小损失。为此，笔者通过田间定点调查，来了解并掌握棉盲蝽的种类、生活习性、发生规律及为害程度，以为防治提供依据，有效地防治棉盲蝽的为害，达到提高棉花产量的目的。１为害情况新疆北部棉盲蝽主要有牧草盲蝽（LyguspratensisL．）和苜蓿盲蝽（AdelphocorislineolatusGoeze）２种。苜蓿盲蝽为优势种，是棉花的重要害虫之一。棉盲蝽于６月上旬侵入棉田，８月中旬迁出，在棉田活动长达８０d左右。盲蝽以刺吸式口器，刺吸棉株嫩头幼芽生长点和幼嫩花蕾果实的汁…     

冀东地区麦根蝽象生活习性及防治

冀东地区麦根蝽象生活习性及防治刘贺昌（河北农业技术师范学院昌黎０６６６００）麦根蝽象，又名地臭虫，成虫和若虫以刺吸口器吸作物根部汁液，主要为害小麦、高粱、玉米、谷子等禾本科作物，此外还为害大豆、甘薯等。受害谷子、高粱、玉米苗期叶片干黄矮化，重者成片枯...     

葛藤主要天敌等级评价的初步研究

本文利用根据有关资料组建了葛藤天敌的等级评价方法，并利用该方法评价了杂草葛藤的四种天敌豆突眼长蝽、筛豆龟蝽、斑鞘豆叶甲和紫茎甲，结果表明，紫茎甲综合得分最高，为28分，是最有希望作为葛藤生防作用物的。     

讷河市大豆羞萎病发生为害情况及防治技术措施初探

2009年黑龙江大豆主产区讷河市大面积发生大豆羞萎病,损失严重。通过调查和研究,初步明确了大豆羞萎病在当地的发生为害规律及流行趋势;对大豆羞萎病的为害程度提出了级别划分的症状表征及产量指标,并对其为害造成的损失进行了科学评估,提出了有效的防治方法。     

棉花盲蝽象的防治不容忽视

棉花盲蝽象的防治不容忽视代廷奎（安徽省利辛县农技中心２３６７０１）棉花盲蝽象，土名“臭鳖子”、“小臭虫”。近几年盲蝽象的发生日趋严重，是仅次于棉铃虫为害的又一棉花重大害虫。由于它的为害症状不易观察，常被农民所忽视，给棉花生产等造成极大为害。棉盲蝽象，...     

盐城地区棉花盲蝽象发生情况

近年来,棉花盲蝽象的发生种类、发生面积、为害时间、为害程度等方面都出现了新的情况。据调查:大面积的为害都以绿盲蝽为主,部分地区中黑盲蝽已上升为主要种群,发生为害区域已由沿海棉区向通榆线和北部棉区扩展,为害时间不仅是六、七月份,从棉花现真叶至铃期均可造成为害,     

Localization of metabolic sites of action of herbicides

Time- and concentration-course studies were conducted to determine the effect of thirteen herbicides on photosynthesis, respiration, RNA synthesis, protein synthesis, and lipid synthesis using isolated single leaf cells. Each herbicide was from a different chemical class. Appropriate ¹⁴C-substrates and product purification procedures were used for each process prior to liquid scintillation counting. The most sensitive metabolic site of inhibition was photosynthesis for atrazine, bromacil, dichlobenil, monuron, and paraquat; RNA synthesis for dalapon and dinoseb; protein synthesis for chlorpropham; and lipid synthesis for CDAA, chloramben, 2,4-D, EPTC, and trifluralin. However, with several herbicides, one or more process was almost as sensitive as the one mentioned above. All herbicides inhibited more than one process, and the most sensitive site of inhibition may not be the same process that was inhibited the greatest at the maximum concentration and maximum exposure time used. Therefore, a concept of metabolic sites of action, rather than a primary site of action, appears to be more meaningful for herbicides.     

福寿螺配偶个体大小选择性初步观察

通过野外观察与实验研究,掌握了福寿螺的婚配体制及其配偶选择性规律。福寿螺与多数低等动物一样,其婚配属于乱交制,无固定配偶;雌螺对与其交配的雄螺个体大小没有选择性,而雄螺对雌螺的个体大小有选择性,倾向于与较大个的雌螺交配。     

青稞种子带菌检测及杀菌剂消毒处理效果

为了研究青稞种子外部和内部携带真菌情况,比较不同杀菌剂对青稞种子的带菌消毒效果和对幼苗生长的影响,为青稞种子播前包衣处理和种传真菌病害防控提供依据,采用离体平皿法对云南迪庆‘云青1号’、‘云青2号’和‘短白青稞’3个主栽品种进行带菌检测,并对种子进行拌种或浸种处理测定6种杀菌剂对种子消毒效果,分析杀菌剂对种子发芽和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:供试青稞种子表面携带的优势菌群为青霉(Penicilliumspp.)、镰刀菌(Fusariumspp.);种子内部寄藏的真菌主要为镰刀菌、核腔菌(Pyrenophoraspp.)、附球菌(Epicoccumspp.)、丝核菌(Rhizoctoniaspp.)、链格孢(Alternariaspp.)和木霉(Trichoderma spp.)。青稞不同品种的种子表面及内部携带的真菌种类差异较大。致病性测定表明,镰刀菌对种子萌发和幼苗生长影响最大,后期出现幼苗坏死现象。45%咪鲜胺EW、75%百菌清WP、50%福美双WP对青稞种子携带真菌均有显著抑制作用和消毒效果,50%福美双WP消毒效果最优,达100%;45%咪鲜胺EW、75%百菌清WP、50%福美双WP处理对青稞种子发芽和幼苗生长均无显著影响。     

厚朴病虫害种类的初步调查

采用标准地法和线路调查法,对湖北恩施市新塘乡双河厚朴基地的厚朴病虫害进行了系统调查,记录主要虫害13种,其中叶部害虫9种,枝干害虫2种,根部害虫2种。厚朴主要病害5种。藤壶蚧、厚朴枝角叶蜂和厚朴新丽斑蚜为湖北省首次报道,小绿叶蝉为厚朴新寄主记录种。同时记录了藤壶蚧的天敌6种,其中寄生小蜂2种,瓢虫4种;厚朴新丽斑蚜的天敌昆虫8种。对藤壶蚧、厚朴枝角叶蜂和厚朴苗木根腐病等重要病虫害的发生规律进行了初步调查,同时提出了防治建议。     

Effects of timing and method of application of Penicillium oxalicum on efficacy and duration of control of Fusarium wilt of tomato

The effects of timing and method of application of Penicillium oxalicum on the control of fusarium wilt of tomato were investigated. Application of P. oxalicum to tomato seedlings in seedbeds reduced disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici in a growth chamber by 45–49% and in glasshouse experiments by 22–69%. Disease suppression was maintained for 60–100 days after inoculation with the pathogen in the glasshouse. No disease reduction was observed in tomato plants where P. oxalicum was applied to seeds. Treatment with P. oxalicum did not affect the population of F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici in the rhizosphere.     

百合地下害虫主要种类调查及生物（源）农药筛选

调查了甘肃省临洮县为害百合的地下害虫种类, 并以主要发生为害种类为供试对象, 采用拌土法测定了几种生物（源）农药对主要害虫的室内毒力和致死中时。调查发现小云斑鳃金龟Polyphylla gracilicornis、棕色鳃金龟Holotrichia titanis为主要发生及为害种类, 不同时间发生种类存在差异, 9月份以小云斑鳃金龟幼虫发生为害为主, 发生量占地下害虫总数的66.16%, 平均种群密度为10.48头/m2, 10月份, 则以棕色鳃金龟幼虫发生为主, 发生量占地下害虫总数的96.86%, 平均种群密度为7.79头/m2, 主要取食百合根系和鳞茎, 造成根系数量减少, 鳞茎出现不规则褐色缺口或凹陷斑。药剂筛选结果表明, 1.8%阿维菌素乳油、200亿孢子/g球孢白僵菌粉剂对两种蛴螬均具有较高的杀虫活性和速效性, 药后7 d时, 校正死亡率在82.22%以上, 对小云斑鳃金龟幼虫和棕色鳃金龟幼虫的LC50分别为0.161、0.060 mg/g和5.558×107、0.362×107孢子/g, LT50分别为2.237 d（2.2 mg/g）、1.393 d（2.2 mg/g）和6.645 d（40.0×107孢子/g）、4.940 d（2.0×107孢子/g）, 这两种生物（源）农药对两种蛴螬的LC50和LT50值均略大于两种化学农药25%二嗪磷乳油、40%辛硫磷乳油处理的, 且对小云斑鳃金龟幼虫的杀虫活性均低于对棕色鳃金龟幼虫的杀虫活性, 致死中时则长于对棕色鳃金龟幼虫的致死中时。     

Mode of action of etoxazole

The mode of action of the 2,4-diphenyl-1,3-oxazoline acaricide/insecticide etoxazole has been argued to be moulting inhibition, but experimental results supporting this hypothesis are lacking. This study investigated the effect of etoxazole on chitin biosynthesis in the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Etoxazole induced moulting defects in fall armyworm larvae similar, if not identical, to those caused by benzoylphenylureas, a well-known class of insecticidal chitin biosynthesis inhibitors. Furthermore, in contrast to untreated larvae, the chitin content in the integuments of larvae several days after treatment did not differ from that in freshly ecdysed individuals, thus suggesting strong chitin biosynthesis inhibition in vivo. A more detailed investigation of the inhibitory potential by incubating cultured integument pieces from larvae of S. frugiperda with [14C]N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, a radiolabelled chitin precursor, revealed I50 values of 2.95 and 0.071 microM for etoxazole and triflumuron respectively. The incorporation of radiolabel into potassium hydroxide-resistant material was inhibited by etoxazole in a dose-dependent manner. Based on these results, it is concluded that the acaricidal and insecticidal mode of action of etoxazole is chitin biosynthesis inhibition.     

Mode of action of meturine

The effect of meturine on the light processes of photosynthesis was studied.Meturine is a herbicide for weed control in potato and cotton crops. It is a N-phenyl—N-hydroxy—N′-methylurea.The experiments were carried out on isolated pea and spinach chloroplasts.When examining photosystem I, reduced DPIP was used as an electron donor, whereas methyl-viologen served as an electron acceptor. When examining photosystem II, DPIP represented the electron acceptor.The obtained experimental results have pointed to the absence of the effect of meturine upon the photoreaction I.Unlike N-phenyl—N′, N′-dimethylureas (CMU, DCMU) meturine has been a very weak inhibitor of photoreaction II.The authors explain the photoreaction II inhibition of chloroplasts from plants treated with herbicidal doses of meturine by conversion of N-phenyl—N-hydroxy—N′-methylurea into Hill reaction inhibitor(s). N-Phenyl—N′-methylurea can be one of such meturine metabolites.Meturine herbicidal action is accounted for by meturine transformation into Hill reaction inhibitor(s) in the plant tissues.     

甲基硫菌灵标样的制备

本文介绍了用进口甲基硫菌灵样品，采用溶剂萃取，高速离心，重结晶，高效液相色谱，红外光谱等分析方法进行系统分离与鉴定，得到其标样的方法。