不同小麦品种对苯磺隆耐药性差异及其机理

室内用砂培法测定11种小麦品种对苯磺隆的相对敏感性,其敏感性有较大差异.碧玛4号、维麦8号对苯磺隆有很强的耐药性,IC50可分别达到502.6和409.3aiμg/kg,济1 3号为156.9aiμg/kg,鲁麦22号、黄县大粒对苯磺隆较为敏感,IC50低于45.0 aiμg/kg.以上5种小麦离体ALS对苯磺隆的敏感性没有明显差异,敏感品种黄县大粒IC50为154.2nmol/L,甚至较维麦8号149.3nmol/L略高.ALS活体试验表明,小麦可以很快恢复苯磺隆对ALS活性的抑制,且耐药型品种恢复能力较强,碧玛4号、维麦8号ALS恢复活性只需1.5天,敏感品种需3天.碧玛4号、维麦8号除草剂解毒酶系GSTs相对于敏感品种对苯磺隆有较大的反应幅度和较短的反应时间,第2天就分别达到1.46、1.42的峰值,而济13号、鲁麦22号、黄县大粒变化幅度较小,第3天才达到峰值,活性分别为1.39、1.33和1.32.研究表明,小麦各品种对苯磺隆的耐药能力产生差异的主要原因之一是小麦GSTs对苯磺隆的代谢所致,而与小麦ALS对苯磺隆的敏感程度无关.     

磺酰脲类除草剂对抗、感性雨久花乙酰乳酸合成酶活性的影响

从2004年开始,延边地区稻田大量发生抗磺酰脲类除草剂苄嘧磺隆的抗药性生态型雨久花。为解析其抗药性突变机制,采用离体法测定了抗、感性雨久花乙酰乳酸合成酶活性。结果表明,抑制抗、感性雨久花乙酰乳酸合成酶活性50%的苄嘧磺隆剂量为253.44×10-7mol/L和2.80×10-7mol/L;抑制抗、感性雨久花乙酰乳酸合成酶活性50%的吡嘧磺隆剂量为1802.15×10-7mol/L和20.85×10-7mol/L。抗药性雨久花对苄嘧磺隆和吡嘧磺隆的抗性系数(RI50/SI50)值分别为90.6和86.5,并存在交互抗药性。确认抗药性突变系由其乙酰乳酸合成酶对磺酰脲类除草剂苄嘧磺隆、吡嘧磺隆反应钝化所致。     

麦田抗性生物型荠菜对苯磺隆的抗性机制研究

为明确抗性生物型荠菜对苯磺隆的抗性机制,分别测定了苯磺隆对抗性和敏感生物型荠菜体内乙酰乳酸合成酶(ALS)、谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶(GSTs)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)的影响。结果表明:离体条件下,抗性生物型荠菜体内ALS对苯磺隆的敏感性明显降低,苯磺隆对荠菜抗性和敏感生物型ALS的抑制中浓度(I50)分别为0.722 8和0.052 1 μmol/L,抗性与敏感生物型I50的比值为13.87;活体条件下,施用苯磺隆后,抗性和敏感生物型荠菜ALS活性均受到一定程度的抑制,但抗性生物型ALS活性受到抑制后能逐渐恢复,而敏感生物型则不能恢复;经苯磺隆处理后,抗性生物型GSTs相对活力明显高于敏感生物型,而抗性和敏感生物型体内POD、SOD和CAT相对活力无明显差异。研究表明,抗性生物型荠菜体内ALS对苯磺隆敏感性降低是其抗药性产生的原因之一,而GSTs对苯磺隆代谢能力的差异也可能与荠菜对苯磺隆的抗性有关。     

麦田不同杂草对苯磺隆敏感性差异的分子机制

为了探讨麦田常见杂草对苯磺隆敏感性差异的分子机制,测定了苯磺隆对4种杂草活性及对杂草体内靶标酶(ALS)和代谢酶(GSTs)的影响差异。结果表明,泽漆对苯磺隆的敏感性最低,IC50为123.16gai/hm2;猪殃殃和荠菜次之,分别为8.47、1.07gai/hm2;播娘蒿最敏感,为0.29gai/hm2。离体条件下,苯磺隆对播娘蒿、泽漆ALS的IC50值分别为6.40、54.90mgai/L。活体条件下,苯磺隆处理后,播娘蒿体内ALS活力低于对照,第9天降为对照的31.20%,而敏感性低的泽漆处理后1～2天ALS活力虽略有下降,但第3天明显提高,第4天达到峰值,为对照的2.90倍,此后逐渐恢复至对照水平。4种杂草本身所含GSTs活性存在较大差异,泽漆GSTs活性最高。经苯磺隆处理后,泽漆与猪殃殃GSTs活性明显提高,第4天时达到峰值,相对活性分别为1.23和1.25,并持续在较高水平;而荠菜、播娘蒿GSTs活性虽分别在第3、5天达到峰值,但多数时间相对活性低于1。结果表明,麦田不同杂草体内ALS的敏感性差异和GSTs的代谢差异是对苯磺隆敏感性不同的两个重要原因。     

中国北方部分地区麦田荠菜对苯磺隆的抗性水平

为明确北方地区冬小麦田荠菜对苯磺隆的抗性水平,运用培养皿法和温室盆栽法分别测定了山东、山西、河南、河北、陕西5省13个地区采集点麦田潜在抗药性生物型对苯磺隆的抗性水平,并分别测定了驻马店梁祝镇采集点荠菜潜在抗药性生物型和敏感生物型乙酰乳酸合成酶(ALS)对苯磺隆的敏感性。培养皿法测定结果表明:驻马店梁祝镇采集点荠菜抗药性生物型对苯磺隆的抗性水平最高,抗性倍数为6.17倍,其他采集点荠菜抗性倍数在0.94～2.04倍之间,仍处于较为敏感状态。温室盆栽法测定结果表明:驻马店梁祝镇采集点荠菜抗性倍数仍为最高,达到233倍, 其他地区采集点荠菜抗性倍数在1.23～3.73倍之间,尚未产生明显的抗药性。离体条件下,苯磺隆对荠菜抗药性和敏感生物型ALS的抑制中浓度(IC50)分别为0.664 μmol/L和0.053 3 μmol/L,抗药性生物型的抗性倍数达12.5倍。结果表明,驻马店梁祝镇采集点荠菜已对苯磺隆产生了较高水平的抗药性,而其体内ALS敏感性降低可能是抗药性产生的原因之一。     

磺酰脲类除草剂受市场热捧

中国是磺酰脲类除草剂生产和使用大国。目前,实现国产化的磺酰脲类品种共有苄嘧磺隆、氯磺隆、苯磺隆、甲磺隆、氯嘧磺隆、烟嘧磺隆、吡嘧磺隆、胺苯磺隆、醚苯磺隆、噻吩磺隆、砜嘧磺隆、磺酰磺隆12个,     

麦田抗性生物型猪殃殃对苯磺隆的抗性机制

为探讨猪殃殃Galium aparine抗药性生物型(R)对苯磺隆的抗性机制,测定了苯磺隆对猪殃殃抗性、敏感(S)生物型体内靶标酶 、代谢酶 及抗氧化酶 影响的差异。离体试验结果表明,苯磺隆对R、S生物型猪殃殃ALS的抑制中量(IC50)分别为0.682、0.718 μg/L(有效剂量),R、S生物型猪殃殃ALS对苯磺隆的敏感性不存在差异。活体试验结果表明,苯磺隆茎叶喷雾处理后,R、S生物型ALS活力均表现为先上升,但S生物型上升幅度小,且随后快速下降,第3 d即回落至对照之下,并维持在低于对照的水平,而R生物型ALS活力在第2 d可达对照的4.10倍,第5 d 基本回落至对照水平,之后基本维持在对照水平;R生物型GSTs活力在第1 d即开始上升,最高可达对照的 2.40 倍,而S生物型则表现为先下降,然后小幅回升,最高为对照的1.61倍,两者在10 d左右均回落至对照水平;R生物型SOD活力与对照基本相同,而S生物型虽略有下降,但R、S间不存在显著差异;两者POD活力虽均有大幅提高,但亦不存在显著差异。结果表明,低水平抗药性生物型猪殃殃对苯磺隆产生抗性的原因可能是ALS过量表达及GSTs对苯磺隆的代谢作用加强,而不是由于ALS的敏感性下降,同时POD、SOD在减轻药害中也具有一定作用。     

抗绿磺隆地肤生物型对磺酰脲类和其它除草剂的反应

生长在工业区的地肤连续几年施用绿磺隆,地肤对该种及其它几种抑制乙酰乳酸合成酶(ALS)的除草剂明显产生抗性。在室内用抑制幼苗干重积累50％的药剂剂量比率(GR 50R/s)计:抗性植株对5种磺酰脲类除草剂和一种咪唑啉酮类除草剂的抗性是敏感植株的2～180倍以上。同样,ALS酶活性分析表明,抑制抗性植株ALS酶所需药量是敏感植株的3～30多倍。ALS酶活性分析还表明,抗性地肤对甲磺隆、醚苯磺隆和噻磺隆的抗性极其相似,但对苯磺隆的抗性是对噻磺隆的2.5倍。然而生长在春小麦地中的抗性地肤对除草剂的反应却与ALS酶分析的结果不一致。在田间,每公顷使用32g噻磺隆,对抗性地肤几乎不起作用,相反,用甲磺隆、醚苯磺隆、苯磺隆各8克/公顷处理时,地肤幼苗密度虽不减少,但其生长十分缓慢,药后2个月,不施药处理区地肤幼苗生物量是施药区的4倍。其它几种作用方式的除草剂,如氟草烟、溴苯睛/二甲四氯、2,4—D丙酸/2,4D酯以及2,4D酯对田间抗性地肤有较好防效。二氯喹啉酸虽不降低地肤密度,但残存植株的生长发育受到阻碍。为延缓和控制对ALS酶抑制剂产生抗性的地肤种群的发展,可以轮换或混合使用以上几种不同作用方式 的除草剂。     

山东省部分市县麦田杂草麦家公Lithospermum arvense对苯磺隆的抗药性

采用温室盆栽法和培养皿法测定了山东省部分市县冬小麦田杂草麦家公Lithospermum arvense L.对苯磺隆的抗药性水平,以及其抗药性生物型乙酰乳酸合成酶(ALS)对苯磺隆的敏感性。温室盆栽结果显示,供试杂草对苯磺隆产生了不同程度的抗药性,其中胶州麦家公生物型抗性水平最高,抗性倍数为12.8倍;培养皿法测定结果也显示胶州麦家公生物型抗性水平最高,但抗性倍数为3.89倍。交互抗性测定结果表明,胶州抗性麦家公生物型对其他ALS抑制剂噻吩磺隆和苄嘧磺隆已产生不同程度的交互抗性,其中对噻吩磺隆的抗性倍数达到3.11倍。离体条件下,与敏感生物型ALS活力的抑制中浓度(IC50)相比较,胶州抗性麦家公生物型的IC50值是敏感麦家公的 2.65倍。表明ALS敏感性降低可能是山东部分市县麦家公对苯磺隆产生抗药性的重要原因之一。     

小麦田麦家公对苯磺隆的抗性机理

为明确麦田阔叶杂草麦家公Lithospermum arvense L.对苯磺隆的抗性机理，以苯磺隆抗性和敏感型麦家公为材料，比较分析这2个生物型麦家公靶标酶乙酰乳酸合成酶（acetolactate synthase，ALS）、解毒酶谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶（glutathione-S-transferase，GST）以及保护酶过氧化物酶（peroxidase，POD）、超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase，SOD）和过氧化氢酶（catalase，CAT）对苯磺隆的响应差异性。结果表明，抗性麦家公ALS对苯磺隆的敏感性较敏感型麦家公显著下降，苯磺隆的抑制中浓度分别为0.187、0.036 μmol/L。苯磺隆胁迫后，抗性和敏感型麦家公ALS活性都出现下降，但抗性麦家公ALS活性可恢复，而敏感型麦家公ALS活性则不能恢复；2个生物型麦家公GST活性都能被苯磺隆诱导，但抗性麦家公GST累计活性为29.31 U，高于敏感型麦家公（25.90 U）；抗性麦家公SOD累计活性为24.49 U，较敏感型麦家公（19.31 U）高，且具有较强的恢复能力；抗性麦家公POD和CAT累计活性分别为126.92~550.68 U和41.41~77.19 U，也高于敏感型麦家公的93.75~271.04 U、42.17~57.28 U。因此，靶标酶ALS对苯磺隆敏感性减弱是麦家公产生抗性的一个重要原因，解毒酶GST、SOD、POD和CAT活性升高可能与抗性有关。     

Expression of a wheat cytochrome P450 monooxygenase cDNA in yeast catalyzes the metabolism of sulfonylurea herbicides

A wheat cytochrome P450 cDNA (CYP71C6v1) was cloned by RT-PCR and heterologously expressed in yeast. The microsomal fractions derived from this strain could catalyze the metabolism of some sulfonylurea herbicides such as chlorsulfuron, triasulfuron, metsulfuron-metyl, bensulfuron-metyl, and tribenuron-metyl, but not sulfonylurea herbicides such as thifensulfuron and pyrazosulfuron. Kinetic parameters K_m for chlorsulfuron and triasulfuron were 57 (±15) μM and 38 (±16) μM in vitro, respectively. Analysis of the metabolites demonstrated that the CYP71C6v1 functioned as a 5-phenyl ring hydroxylase when chlorsulfuron and triasulfuron were the substrates.     

Corn poppy (Papaver rhoeas) cross-resistance to ALS-inhibiting herbicides

BACKGROUND: Papaver rhoeas (L.) has evolved resistance to tribenuron in winter wheat fields in northern Greece owing to multiple Pro₁₉₇ substitutions. Therefore, the cross‐resistance pattern to other sulfonylurea and non‐sulfonylurea ALS‐inhibiting herbicides of the tribenuron resistant (R) and susceptible (S) corn poppy populations was studied by using whole‐plant trials and in vitro ALS catalytic activity assays. RESULTS: The whole‐plant trials revealed that tribenuron R populations were also cross‐resistant to sulfonylureas mesosulfuron + iodosulfuron, chlorsulfuron and triasulfuron. The whole‐plant resistance factors (RFs) calculated for pyrithiobac, imazamox and florasulam ranged from 12.4 to > 88, from 1.5 to 28.3 and from 5.6 to 25.4, respectively, and were lower than the respective tribenuron RF values (137 to > 2400). The ALS activity assay showed higher resistance of the ALS enzyme to sulfonylurea herbicides (tribenuron > chlorsulfuron) and lower resistance to non‐sulfonylurea ALS‐inhibiting herbicides (pyrithiobac > florasulam ≈ imazamox). CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that Pro₁₉₇ substitution by Ala, Ser, Arg or Thr in corn poppy results in a less sensitive ALS enzyme to sulfonylurea herbicides than to other ALS‐inhibiting herbicides. The continued use of sulfonylurea herbicides led to cross‐resistance to all ALS‐inhibiting herbicides, making their use impossible in corn poppy resistance management programmes. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

Sulfonylurea resistance in Stellaria media [L.] Vill.

A sulfonylurea resistant biotype of common chickweed (Stellaria media L. Vill.) was found in a field treated with chlorsulfuron or metsulfuron for eight consecutive years. In pot experiments the biotype was resistant to postemergence treatments with the following acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors: chlorsulfuron, metsulfuron, tribenuron, triasulfuron, rimsulfuron, sulfometuron, flumetsulam and imazapyr. The level of resistance to chlorsulfuron and sulfometuron was higher than to the other sulfonylurea herbicides. Whereas the level of cross resistance to the triazolopyrimidine herbicide, flumetsulam was comparable to that of metsulfuron, that of imazapyr was significantly lower. In contrast to imazapyr the biotype was not resistant to imazethapyr, an other imidazolinone herbicide. ALS in vitro assays revealed that resistance was due to an ALS enzyme that was less sensitive to ALS inhibiting herbicides. Herbicides with different modes of action were equally effective on the susceptible and resistant biotypes.     

Inhibition of acetolactate synthase in susceptible and resistant biotypes of Stellaria media

Acetolactate synthase (ALS) from one susceptible and two chlorsulfuronresistant biotypes of Stellaria media(L.) Vill. was assayed in the presence of eight known ALS inhibitors. As expected, ALS from the chlorsulfuronresistant biotypes (R1 and R2) showed reduced sensitivity to chlorsulfuron and other sulfonylurea herbicides. The patterns of cross-resistance varied, however, indicating that the alteration in ALS that confers chlorsulfuron resistance does not confer the same level of resistance to other sulfonylurea herbicides. The resistant biotypes were highly cross-resistant to sulfometuron-methyl and DPX-A7H81, but less cross-resistant to triasulfuron. Both R1 and R2 were highly cross-resistant to DTPS (N-[2,6-dichlorophenyl]-5,7-dimethyl-1,2,4-iriazolo[1,5a]pyrimidine-2-siilfoiiamide), but only slightly cross-resistant to imazamethahenz, an imidazolinone herbicide. The differences in the patterns of cross-resistance observed presumably reflect differences in the binding affinity of the herbicides for the altered ALS. The data presented suggest, but do not confirm, that R1 and R2 contain the same ALS mutation.     

A bioassay method for formulation testing and residue studies of sulfonylurea and sulfonanylide herbicides

A bioassay method using the radicles of pea (Pisum sativum L.) and lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) was developed for the assessment of trials on herbicides of common use in the sulfonylurea class (chlorsulfuron, triasulfuron and metsulfuron-methyl) and in the sulfonanylide class (flumetsulam and metosulam). Soils within a range of pH 5.8–8.4 with textures from sand to clay were used in these experiments. The sensitivities of the species were similar in chlorsulfuron and flumetsulam trials and their response range varied with soil type and herbicide, e.g. between 0.75 and 6.0 ng triasulfuron g^?1 in the Wimmera grey clay and between 0.125 and 8.0 ng chlorsulfuron g^?1 soil in the Mallee sand. The method was demonstrated in a wide range of uses, encompassing tests of the initial bioactivity of formulations of chlorsulfuron and flumetsulam, monitoring the field leaching and persistence of triasulfuron and measuring relative potencies between the classes, using metsulfuron-methyl and metosulam. The bioassay response provided a high level of reproducibility and precision, which was measurable by the logistic curve-fitting procedure. In each case, R² values were >0.90 and lack-of-fit tests were clearly non-significant at the 0.05 level. Chi-square tests were used to measure differences between ED₅₀'s. The method does not require the pre-germination and selection of seedlings, daily watering or root-washing and results are obtained 7 days from sowing, providing favourable use for routine analyses and large-scale trials.     

Degradation of the sulfonylurea herbicides chlorsulfuron and triasulfuron in a high-organic-matter volcanic soil

The degradation rates of two sulfonylurea herbicides, chlorsulfuron and triasulfuron, were determined at two application rates, 15 and 30 g a.i. ha^–1, in a sandy loam soil of volcanic origin under controlled environment and field conditions. Residues were measured using a modified gas chromatographic (gc) determination method. Both herbicides degraded rapidly in the acidic soil (pH 5.7) with high organic matter levels (7.3% o.m.), generally according to first-order rate kinetics. The respective half-lives ranged from 22 to 38 d for chlorsulfuron and from 31 to 44 d for triasulfuron under five controlled temperature/soil moisture regimens, ranging from 10 to 30 °C and between 40% and 80% maximum water-holding capacity. Half-lives in the field were considerably shorter (13 d for chlorsulfuron and 12–13 d for triasulfuron). The degradation rates of the herbicides were influenced more by soil temperature than by soil moisture content. Bioassays using white mustard ( Sinapis alba L.) and forage sorghum [ Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] were also used to determine the persistence of phytotoxic residues of both herbicides in the field, and the results showed that the effects of chlorsulfuron disappeared within 8 weeks. Triasulfuron residues disappeared within 9 and 14 weeks for the 15 and 30 g a.i. ha^–1 rates respectively.     

Resistance of dicot weeds to acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicides in Australia

A biotype of Sonchus oleraceus L. and two bio types of Sisymbrium orientate Torn., SSO 3 and NSO 1, are the first dicot weeds in Australia to develop resistance to ALS-inhibiting herbicides. The resistant biotypes had been exposed to va rying periods of selection with sulfonylurea her bicides. All three biotypes are resistant to a range of sulfonylurea and imidazolinone herbicides. The S. orientale biotypes are also resistant to the triazolopyrimidine herbicide, flumetsulam. LD₅₀ ratios of resistant Sonchus oleraceus for sulfony lurea and imidazolinone herbicides are greater than 64-fold and 4.5-fold, respectively. GR₅₀ ratios are greater than 9 for sulfonylureas and 7.4 for imazapyr. The LD₅₀ ratios for both S. orien tale biotypes for chlorsulfuron, sulfometuron methyl, metsulfuron-methyl, flumetsulam and imazethapyr are greater than 110-, 15-, 7-, 24- and 29-fold, respectively. All resistant biotypes are susceptible to MCPA, diuron and diflufenican, herbicides which do not inhibit ALS.     

两种蜜蜂头部乙酰胆碱酯酶对杀虫药剂敏感度比较

通过对抑制动力学常数和抑制时间进程曲线的测定,比较了中华蜜蜂Apis cerana cerana Fabricius和意大利蜜蜂Apis mellifera ligustica Spinola头部乙酰胆碱酯酶(acetylcholinesterase,AChE)对几种有机磷和氨基甲酸酯类杀虫药剂的敏感度。抑制时间进程曲线显示,意大利蜜蜂头部AChE对毒扁豆碱、灭多威、敌敌畏的敏感度高于中华蜜蜂,而两种蜜蜂对残杀威、硫双灭多威、甲胺磷及久效磷的敏感度没有明显差异。意大利蜜蜂头部AChE对毒扁豆碱、残杀威、硫双灭多威、克百威以及丁硫克百威的双分子速率常数(Ki)值分别为4.003×106、5.744×104、5.249×104、1.986×106和5.492×104 (mol/L)-1 ·min-1,均高于中华蜜蜂对这几种杀虫药剂的Ki值,后者分别为3.403×106、4.633×104、4.233×104、1.262×106和5.072×104 (mol/L)-1 · min-1。但中华蜜蜂头部AChE对灭多威的Ki值却高于意大利蜜蜂,前者为10.408×104,后者为4.872×104(mol/L)-1 ·min-1。对AChE被抑制后恢复速率(K3)的测定结果表明,中华蜜蜂头部AChE被残杀威和硫双灭多威抑制后恢复的速率显著低于意大利蜜蜂,但两种蜜蜂被毒扁豆碱、灭多威、克百威和丁硫克百威抑制后恢复的速率差异不显著。     

Acetolactate synthase activity and chlorsulfuron sensitivity of wheat cultivars

Differences were observed in the sensitivity of three wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars to chlorsulfuron. Shoot dry weight was reduced by foliar applications of chlorsulfuron to a greater extent in cv. Rongotea than in cvs Lancer and Kotare. There was no difference between these cultivars in the specific activity of acetolactate synthase (ALS) enzyme extracted from leaves or roots. Moreover, chlorsulfuron inhibited ALS from the wheat cultivars to the same extent in?vitro. ALS measurement in vivo showed that after 15 h of incubating excised leaf tissues with chlorsulfuron, there was a greater reduction in ALS enzyme activity in Rongotea than in the other cultivars. Furthermore, 1 day after a foliar application of chlorsulfuron, in vitro ALS activity in leaves was reduced more in Rongotea than in Lancer or Kotare. Recovery of the enzyme activity following chlorsulfuron application was quicker in Kotare than in Lancer or Rongotea. It is concluded that differences in sensitivity of these wheat cultivars to chlorsulfuron are not due to differential ALS sensitivity or level, but may be due to differential rates of herbicide metabolism.     

Resistance of Camelina microcarpa to acetolactate synthase inhibiting herbicides

An accession of Camelina microcarpa suspected to be resistant to sulfonylurea herbicides was identified in Oregon in 1998 field experiments. Greenhouse research confirmed that the putative resistant biotype was resistant to chlorsulfuron and metsulfuron on a whole plant level. Compared with the resistant (R) biotype, the susceptible (S) biotype was 1000 and 10 000‐fold more sensitive to metsulfuron and chlorsulfuron respectively. The R biotype was also resistant to other sulfonylurea, sulfonylaminocarbonyl‐triazolinone, imidazolinone and triazolopyrimidine herbicides. An in vivo enzyme assay indicated that acetolactate synthase (ALS) from the R plants required 111 times more chlorsulfuron to inhibit activity by 50% compared with the amount required to have a similar effect on ALS from S plants. Analysis of the nucleotide and amino acid sequences demonstrated that a single‐point mutation from G to T in the als1 gene conferred the change from the amino acid tryptophan to leucine at position 572 in the resistant biotype. This research confirmed that ALS inhibitor resistance in an Oregon accession of C. microcarpa is based on an altered target site conferred by a single‐point mutation.