柑桔病虫发生新动态及防治策略

本文着重介绍了近几年来,宜昌市柑桔红蜘蛛（Ｐａｎｎｏｎｙ ｃｈｕｓ Ｃｉｔｒｉ Ｍｅｓｒｅｇｏｋ）、矢尖蚧（Ｕｎａｓｐｉｃｙａｎｏｎｅｎｓｉｓ Ｋｕｗａｎａ）、蚜虫（Ａｐｈｉｃ ｃｉｒｔｉｄｕｓ Ｋｉｋａｌｄｙ）、大实蝇（Ｔｅｔｒａｄｃｕｓ ｃｉｔｒｉ Ｃｈｅｎ）、小实蝇（Ｓｔｒｕｍｅｔａ ｆｅｒｕｇｉｎｅｄ ｄｏｒｗｌｉｓ Ｈｅｎｄ）、吉丁虫（Ａｇｒｉｌｕｓ ｃｉｒｔｉ Ｍａｔｓｕｍ,ｕｒａ）、     

克拉玛依土壤详查数据库系统

克拉玛依土壤详查数据库系统主要包括属笥库和图形库两个部分：属性库是利用具有许多优点的关系型数据库Ａｃｃｅｓｓ建立和管理的，其中又分解为剖面总体属性，盐分属性，养分属性，水分物理性质属性四种关系，关系之间靠关键字联结。图形数据存放在Ａｕｔｏ和Ｍａｐｉｎｆｏ中形成图形库，通过文件转换与ＯＬＥ连接，使图形本身成为Ａｃｃｅｓｓ的一部分，利用Ａｃｃｅｓｓ为完整性控制监测整个系统。     

宜昌市柑桔病虫发生新动态及防治策略

本文着重介绍了近几年来,宜昌市柑桔红蜘蛛（Ｐａｎｘｏｎｙｃｈｕｓ ｃｉｔｒｉ ＭｃＧｒｅｇｏｒ）、矢尖蚧（Ｕｎａｓｐｉｓ ｙａｎｏｎｅｎ－ｓｉｓ Ｋｕｗａｎａ）、蚜虫（Ａｐｈｉｓ ｃｉｔｒｉｃｉｄｕｓ Ｋｉｒｋａｌｄｙ）、大实蝇（Ｔｅｔｒａｄａｃｕｓ ｃｉｔｒｉ Ｃｈｅｎ）、吉丁虫（Ａｇｒｉｌｕｓ ｃｉｔｒｉＭａｔｓｕｍｕｒａ）、疮痂病（Ｅｌｓｉｎｏｅ ｆａｗｃｅｔｔｉ Ｂｕｔ,ｅｔ Ｊｅｎｋ）、     

五个重要果蔬类有害实蝇属的鉴定：双翅目：实蝇科

本篇着重阐述五个重要果蔬实蝇害虫类群：果实蝇属Ｂａｃｔｒｏｃｅｒａ Ｍａｃｑｕａｒｔ，寡鬃实蝇属Ｄａｃｕｓ Ｆａｂｒｉｃｉｕｓ，小条实蝇属Ｃｅｒａｔｉｔｉｓ Ｍａｃｌｅａｙ，按实蝇属ＡａｎｓｔｒｅｐｈａＳｃｈｉｎｅｒ和绕实蝇属ＲｈａｇｏｅｔｉｓＬｏｅｗ的分类地位问题和主要特征；并备有分属检索表（成虫）和特征图，以供分类鉴定时参考。     

绿僵菌研究的新进展

绿僵菌研究的新进展高松（中国农科院生物防治研究所，北京１０００８１）ＣＵＲＲＥＮＴＳＴＡＴＵＳＯＦＳＴＵＤＩＥＳＯＮＭＥＴＡＲＨＩＺＩＵＭＳＰＰ．ＧＡＯＳｏｎｇ（ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＢｉｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌＣｏｎｔｒｏｌ，ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＡｃａｄｅｍｙｏ...     

溴甲烷对10种木白蚁（等翅目：原白蚁科，木白蚁科，鼻白蚁科）的比较毒性

溴甲烷对１０种木白蚁（等翅目：原白蚁科，木白蚁科，鼻白蚁科）的比较毒性＝ＣｏｍｐａｒａｔｉｖｅＴｏｘｉｃｉｔｙｏｆＭｅｔｈｙｌＢｒｏｍｉｄｅＡｇａｉｎｓｔＴｅｎＮｅａｒｃｔｉｃＴｅｒｍｉｔｅＳｐｅｃｉｅｓ（Ｉｓｏｐｔｅｒａ：Ｔｅｒｍｏｐｉｄａｅ，Ｋａ...     

日本的果蝇根除计划

前言在日本，桔小实蝇Ｂａｃｔｒｏｃｅｒａｄｏｒｓａｌｉｓ（英文简称ＯＦＦ）以往发生于奄美Ａｍａｍｉ岛（ＡＩ）、冲绳Ｏｋｉｎａｗａ岛和Ｂｏｎｉｎ岛（ＢＩ），瓜实蝇Ｂ．ｃｕｃｕｒｂｉｔａｅ（英文简称ＭＦ）发生于ＡＩ和冲绳岛。这些果蝇曾严重地影响了当地的水...     

用A蛋白免疫电镜快速检测几种蔬菜作物的两种杆状病毒

应用Ａ蛋白免疫电镜技术对几种蔬菜作物的长叶车前草花叶病毒（ＲＭＶ）、烟草花叶病毒（ＴＭＶ）的检测比常规的电镜负染技术至少要灵敏近１０，０００倍，比普通的免疫电镜技术要灵敏１０～１００倍，抗血清浓度稀释至４００，０００倍，病毒粗提液稀释到１，０００，０００倍或病毒提纯液浓度为２．５×１０－７ｍｇ／ｍｌ时均能观察到病毒粒子。同时由于抗体分子能特异性地结合到病毒粒子表面，能够很容易地区分不同的病毒种类。应用此项技术作者检测了杭州地区几种常见的蔬菜病毒病，对大白菜（ＢｒａｓｉｃａｃａｍｐｅｓｔｒｉｓＬ．），蕃茄（ＬｙｃｏｐｅｒｓｉｃｕｍｅｓｃｕｌｅｎｔｕｍＭｉｌ），榨菜（Ｂｒａｓｉｃａｊｕｎｃｅａｖａｒ．ｔｓａｔｓａｉＭａｏ），雪里（Ｂｒａｓｉｃａｊｕｎｃｅａｖａｒ．ｍｕｌｔｉｃｅｐｓＴｓｅｎｅｔＬｅｅ）等作物发病期的叶或果的浸提液用Ａ蛋白免疫电镜进行快速检测，结果在大白菜，番茄等病株上检测到较多的病毒粒子，且大多能被ＲＭＶ抗血清修饰，同时在番茄病株检测到的少量病毒粒子亦能被ＴＭＶ抗血清修饰，而榨菜及雪里等病株上检测到的病毒粒子很少能被ＲＭＶ及ＴＭＶ抗血清所修饰，另外，病毒粒子的含量以番茄病果中为最高，要比     

南芥菜花叶病毒（ArMV）

南芥菜花叶病毒（ＡｒＭＶ）张有才，陈宪斌，焦慧燕（佳木斯动植物检疫局１５４００２）在新公布的“中华人民共和国进境植物检疫危险性病、虫、杂草名录”中，南芥茶花叶病毒（Ａｒａｂｉｓｍｏｓａｉｃｖｉｒｕｓ，异名，ＲａｓｐｂｅｒｒｙｙｅｌｌｏｗｄＷａｒｆ；Ｒ...     

CAPACITY AND QUALITY: KEYS TO SUCCESS IN THE MASS REARING OF BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AGENTS

ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＳｍｉｔｈａｎｄＲｅｙｎｏｌｄｓ（１９６５）ｄｅｆｉｎｅｄｉｎｔｅｇｒａｔｅｄｐｅｓｔｃｏｎｔｒｏｌ,ｗｈｉｃｈｉｓｓｙｎｏｎｙｍｏｕｓｗｉｔｈｉｎｔｅｇｒａｔｅｄｐｅｓｔｍａｎａｇｅｍｅｎｔ（ＩＰＭ）ａｓ：Ａｐｅｓｔｐｏｐｕ...     

Performance ofAphis Fabae on Chocolate Spot Disease-Infected Faba Bean Plants

The effect of chocolate spot disease (incited byBotrytis fabae) on the host plant quality of two cultivars of faba beans (Vicia faba) for the black bean aphid (Aphis fabae), was investigated under greenhouse conditions. Faba bean cultivar Bolero is resistant to the aphid, whereas cv. Diana is susceptible. On healthy leaves of cv. Bolero, aphids completed their development one day later than the aphids reared on infected leaves of this cultivar and those which matured on healthy or infected leaves of cv. Diana. Mean weight of apterous virginoparae, mean relative growth rate, and intrinsic rate of natural increase were enhanced if the aphids were reared on infected leaves of either cultivar. Mean total progeny per female increased only on infected leaves of cv. Bolero, but not on cv. Diana.     

A viral disease of broad bean caused by a non-aphid-transmissible strain of turnip mosaic virus

A viral disease of broad bean ( Vicia faba ) was observed in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Sichuan Province, the People's Republic of China. Its typical symptom on infected leaves was a white mottle, and, rarely, red necrotic lesions on several broad bean cultivars. A non-aphid-transmissible strain of turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) was identified as the causal agent of the disease on the basis of biological properties, particle morphology, seed and aphid transmission and serological tests. The virus could not be transmitted by aphids in the non-persistent manner.     

Glutenin and gliadin contents of flour derived from wheat infested with different aphid species

Aphid feeding in cereals results in both quantitative and qualitative yield losses; moreover aphid-transmitted viruses are responsible for other quantitative and qualitative damage so that direct or indirect effects of aphid infection are always of interest. At the beginning of stem elongation, wheat plants were caged regardless of the presence or absence of indigenous cereal aphids. Half of the caged plants were artificially infected with Diuraphis noxia. The number of D noxia and Rhopalosiphum padi individuals on plants destined for flour preparation was approximately 150 aphids per tiller at peak population. The number of Sitobion avenae individuals was ca 25 aphids per tiller. Bread-making quality of wheat flour is determined primarily by the protein content, the gluten proteins (gliadins, glutenins) being the prime factors. The absolute amounts and/or the relative proportion of gliadins and glutenins are very important in dough making and in determining baking quality. Flour from grains originating from plants infected naturally with cereal aphids indigenous to Hungary, and flour infected artificially with D noxia, were analysed for glutenin and gliadin content using size exclusion HPLC. It was found that aphid infection had a significant effect on the gliadin/glutenin ratio, which was significantly lower in wheat flour prepared from aphid-infected plants than in that from uninfected control. The most significant decrease in gliadin/glutenin ratio was caused by D noxia infection, followed by R padi and then S avenae. As the gliadin/glutenin ratio was significantly lower in flour made from aphid-infected wheat seeds, it can be supposed that aphid feeding results in decreased bread making quality of wheat flour.     

The systemic effects of juvenoids on the red firebug Pyrrhocoris apterus and on the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum with data on life table response

BACKGROUND: A series of juvenoid alcohols and their glycosidic derivatives (juvenogens), synthesized at the Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry in Prague, commercially used juvenoids and the natural derivatives of juvabione were evaluated for their systemic juvenilizing effect on the red firebug, Pyrrhocoris apterus L., and on the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris. A life table response experiment was designed, and demographic characteristics were computed for a cohort of A. pisum following chronic exposure to a range of concentrations of the selected trans-isomer of carbamate juvenoid 8 applied via the broad bean (Vicia faba L.) root system. RESULTS: Using the ratio of topical and per os activities, promising effects were found in two alkyl beta-D-glucopyranosides (3 and 9) and the trans-isomer of carbamate juvenoid 8 in tests on P. apterus. In A. pisum, the highest systemic activity was found in tests with the trans-isomer of carbamate juvenoid 8. The longevity, the number of offspring per female and the number of offspring per reproducing female significantly decreased with concentrations of 0.05 mg mL(-1) and higher. While the net reproductive rate R(0) and the intrinsic rate of natural increase r(m) displayed similar trends, the generation time G varied slightly between 11.6 and 12.8 days. CONCLUSION: Expected systemic activity of glycosidic juvenogens in P. apterus was not confirmed by exposure of the pea aphid on broad bean treated with aqueous solutions of the compounds. Nevertheless, the carbamate juvenoid alcohol 8 displayed a considerable juvenilizing effect on A. pisum in screening tests. Furthermore, this compound indicated a sublethal effect as the realized fecundity U(x) decreased disproportionately to the age-specific survival L(x) with increased concentration. The population parameters are compared with the data in similar demographic studies and are discussed together with the possibilities of using the compounds of this structural type in practice.     

Host Effect on the Molecular and Biological Properties of a Citrus exocortis viroid Isolate from Vicia faba

ABSTRACT Citrus exocortis viroid (CEVd) is the casual agent of citrus exocortis disease, and has been found in naturally infected citrus and noncitrus hosts. Field isolates of CEVd may infect susceptible hosts as a complex of genetically related sequence variants (haplotypes). In the present work, a CEVd isolate recovered from a symptomless broad bean plant was characterized as a heterogeneous population with a nucleotide diversity of 0.026, which did not contain a predominant haplotype. When nucleic acid extracts of this infected broad bean were used to inoculate tomato, the plants displayed symptoms and the CEVd population was more homogeneous, with a nucleotide diversity of 0.007. However, when nucleic acid extracts from this tomato isolate were back inoculated to new broad bean plants, this isolate did not revert to the original population, because it showed low nucleotide diversity (0.001) and induced symptoms in the broad bean plants. Symptomless broad bean plants may act as reservoirs of highly heterogeneous populations of CEVd variants, providing an excellent inoculum source in terms of its potential to infect a broad range of putative hosts. The epidemiological implications are discussed.     

蚕豆田潜蝇姬小蜂白昼活动规律

本文就蚕豆上潜蝇姬小蜂白昼活动规律进行了研究,在午间13：00-14：00时气温最高时,为潜蝇姬小蜂的活动高峰期,种群(Y)和温度(X)的白昼活动模式为Y=-2．41 1．38x-0．09x^2,r=0．7221;在蚕豆成熟时,潜蝇姬小蜂种群数量最大。     

基于连续14年国家绿豆品种区域试验的中国绿豆品种产量和性状变化

利用GGE双标图、变异系数法、相关性分析、多元回归和聚类分析等方法,分析了2003—2016年共14 a国家绿豆品种区域试验中来自内蒙古自治区、黑龙江省、吉林省、辽宁省、山西省等12个绿豆主产省（市、自治区）的29个育种单位提供的130个参试品种的生育天数、株高、主茎节数、主茎分枝数、荚长、单株荚数、荚粒数、千粒重以及产量在春播组和夏播组的变异,并比较了性状间的相关性以及不同育种单位选育的绿豆品种的性状差异。结果表明：2003—2016年春播组和夏播组绿豆产量分别增加14.0%和25.4%,年均增幅分别为1.0%和1.8%;主茎分支数分别减少12.0%和15.9%;其他性状变化不明显。春播组绿豆主要农艺性状的变异系数为5.14%~17.01%,均值为11.33%;遗传多样性指数为1.91~2.08,平均为1.99。夏播组绿豆主要农艺性状的变异系数为5.96%~19.99%,均值为12.52%;遗传多样性指数为1.98~2.17,平均为2.07。相关性和偏相关性分析表明,春播组中产量与荚长、单株荚数和荚粒数显著正相关,与其他性状的相关性不明显;夏播组中产量与单株荚数和荚粒数显著正相关,与株高、主茎分支数和荚长显著负相关。多元回归分析表明,春播组绿豆生育天数、株高、主茎分支数、荚长和单株荚数共同决定产量60.9%的变异;夏播组绿豆株高、主茎分枝数、单株荚数、荚粒数和千粒重共同决定产量87.7%的变异。依托品种选育区域的聚类分析表明,65个春播组品种被分为4类,在北京市、河北省、山西省、河南省、山东省、吉林省和陕西省综合表现较好;65个夏播组品种被分为6类,在河南省、河北省和山东省综合表现较好。2003—2016年,国家每轮区试的绿豆品种产量稳步提升,表明我国绿豆育种水平有了一定提升;但品种遗传基础狭窄,育种方法多样化程度较低,缺少突破性品种。     

Characterization of an isolate of beet mosaic virus from South Kazakhstan

A filamentous virus isolated from a sugar-beet plant showing systemic mosaic collected in South Kazakhstan was identified as an isolate of beet mosaic virus (BMV-K). BMV-K was transmitted by the green peach aphid Myzus persicae in a non-persistent manner, and by sap inoculation to 11 out of 19 species from seven families tested. The virus could not be transmitted to Nicotiana tabacum, N. debneyi, N. glutinosa and N. clevelandii, cither mechanically or with M. persicae. The thermal inactivation point of BMV-K in sugar-beet sap was 55-60 C, dilution end point 1:1000 and longevity in vitro 2 days at 20 C. A purification procedure produced 1-5-3 mg of purified virus from 100 g of infected Stellaria media plants. Purified virus contained a single protein species of molecular weight 34 700 Da. In ELISA tests, BMV-K reacted positively with BMV-specifc antisera obtained from Japan. Germany and Portugal. By competitive DAS- ELISA, the virus isolate was shown to be closely serologically related to all the three isolates of BMV, and very distantly related to bean yellow mosaic and soy bean mosaic viruses.     

祁连山区沙棘人工林生态经济效益分析

通过对沙棘人工造林效果的调查,分析总结出了沙棘人工林的生长规律;沙棘地上生物量随年龄增长之间有Y=0. 0002X5 -0. 0658X4 +0. 686X3 -2. 5659X2 +2. 2501X+3.3027(R=0. 96)的规律;沙棘产果量与地上生物量之间有Y=-0. 0819+0. 2299X-0. 0018X2(R=0. 99)的规律;沙棘结实和经济系数有随着树龄的增大而增大,石砾河滩至生长10年以后开始逐渐下降的规律;进一步分析了沙棘人工林对改善土壤物理性质的作用和生态水文功能。结果表明:沙棘林可降低土壤容重,增加土壤含水量; 10年生沙棘林枯落物厚度平均在1~3cm,枯落物重22t/hm2,水容量为绝干重的2. 12 ~4. 25倍;蓄水量达13. 65 ~23. 37t/hm2;林冠郁闭度在0. 7~0. 8时,林冠对降雨的截留量为39. 3%;林地0 ~20cm土壤的初渗率为16. 165#/min是对照区的8. 7倍;稳渗率为2. 4#/min是对照区的2. 53倍。