Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp.pneumoniae引起云南省香蕉细菌性叶斑病（英文）

为明确一种新的香蕉(Musa sapientum)细菌性叶斑病病原菌,以云南省新平县香蕉园区发现的一种新病害为供试材料,通过分离培养、形态观察、致病性测定、生理生化试验和gyrB,16S rDNA和rpoB基因片段分析,对病原菌进行了鉴定。该病由克雷伯氏肺炎球菌肺炎亚种(Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp.pneumoniae)引起,病菌可侵染香蕉叶片、假茎和果实。茎干被病原菌侵入3 d后即可出现黑色小斑点,在接种部位附近呈上下方向蔓延趋势,7 d后茎干上出现大面积棕色坏死,内部组织褐变。本文在世界上首次报道克雷伯氏肺炎球菌肺炎亚种可侵染香蕉植株,引起香蕉细菌性叶斑病。     

香蕉叶斑病的药剂防治研究

通过室内筛选和田间试验,得到防治香蕉叶斑病的3种化学药剂组合和1种生物农药组合。复配药剂12.5%腈菌唑乳油+45%咪鲜胺水乳剂、40%氟硅唑乳油+45%咪鲜胺水乳剂和12.5%戊唑醇可湿性粉剂+12.5%腈菌唑乳油2年的田间防效均在71.6%～75.7%,显著高于1%中生菌素水剂+4%枯草芽胞杆菌水剂的防效。     

几种药剂防治香蕉叶斑病药效试验报告

经田间试验,25%敌力脱乳油、25%必扑尔乳油和25%科惠乳油各1 500倍分别混合70%代森锰锌600倍防治香蕉叶斑病,有良好的防治效果,与当前香蕉生产上正常使用的浓度25%敌力脱乳油1000倍液,25%必扑尔乳油1000倍液、25%科惠乳油1000倍液和30%爱苗乳油2000倍液防效差异不显著,但通过混合使用后可降低防治成本。     

广西香蕉真菌性叶斑病病原菌种群结构分析

2009年2-3月对广西香蕉主产区真菌性叶斑病病原进行抽样鉴定。结果显示,广西香蕉真菌性叶斑病病原至少有10种,主要病原为Cordana musae,分布广,检出率为56.77%~92.19%;Corynespora cassiicola和Deightoniella torulosa为次,两种病原菌均主要集中在南宁地区,检出率分别为32.34%和22.61%;叶斑病类型以单一病原侵染为主,检出率为78.13%~92.19%;复合侵染的叶斑病类型以2种病原共同侵染居多。     

12.5%咪鲜·腈菌乳油防治香蕉叶斑病试验

用 12 .5 %咪·腈乳油防治香蕉叶斑病试验 ,药后 10 d6 0 0～ 80 0倍的防效达 84 .0 %～ 82 .4 % ,药后 2 0 d防效可达86 .2 %～ 84 .6 % ,药效显著高于咪鲜胺、腈菌唑 ,且对香蕉生长没有不良影响 ,值得在生产上推广使用。     

12.5%氟环唑悬浮剂防治香蕉叶斑病田间药效试验

通过几种药剂对香蕉叶斑病的防效比较试验,结果表明:12.5%氟环唑SC 3000倍液、4000倍液防效分别是70.23%、68.34%,对照区30%苯甲.丙环唑EC 4000倍液和25%丙环唑EC 800倍液防效分别是52.14%、50.43%。12.5%氟环唑SC的2种浓度处理区差异性不明显,但与对照区药剂之间存在极显著差异;30%苯甲.丙环唑EC 4000倍液和25%丙环唑EC 800倍液的防效相当。建议预防香蕉叶斑病时,用12.5%氟环唑SC 4000倍液防治;在香蕉叶斑病发病初期,用12.5%氟环唑SC 3000倍液防治,药效可持续14～30d,比常规药节省2～3次用药。     

25％苯醚甲环唑乳油防治香蕉叶斑病药效试验

田间使用25％苯醚甲环唑EC2000倍、2500倍和3000倍稀释液防治香蕉叶斑病最高平均防效分别达71．5％、66．0％和43．1％,与对照药剂25％势克EC3000倍稀释液的防效（70．6％）相当,建议在生产上推广使用。     

24%满穗SC防治香蕉叶斑病田间药效试验

田间小区试验结果表明:24%满穗SC对香蕉叶斑病有一定的防治效果,随着使用浓度的增加防治效果相应提高。使用浓度2 000倍~2 500倍的防效低于对照药剂25%丙环唑(敌力脱)EC,1 500倍的防效与对照药剂相近,速效性好,持效长。     

非洲多国暴发香蕉黑条叶斑病

据坦桑尼亚公民日报2020年4月7日报道,东非主食之一的阿鲁沙香蕉正面临真菌病害威胁,坦桑尼亚的卡杰拉地区和乌干达的卢韦罗和姆巴拉拉地区是受影响最严重的地区,国际热带农业研究所(IITA)正进行该病害的风险评估及防控研究。经研究确定,该病害为香蕉黑条叶斑病,由斐济球腔菌(Mycosphaerella fijiensis)引起。     

560g／L阿米多彩悬浮剂防治香蕉叶斑病药效试验

2009--2010年进行560g／L阿米多彩SC防治香蕉叶斑病药效试验。结果表明,560g／L阿米多彩SC700-1300倍液防治香蕉叶斑病,第2次施药后10d防效均达58．14％以上,第3次施药后10d防效为68。02％--81．29％,其1000倍液对香蕉叶斑病的防效和250g／L敌力脱EC1500倍液的防效相当...     

Bacterial Leaf Spot of Ivy Caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. hederae

A bacterial leaf spot disease was observed on Hedera helix (English ivy) and H. canariensis (Algerian ivy) in Japan. The causal agent was identified as Xanthomonas campestris pv. hederae (Arnaud 1920) Dye 1978. Received 13 May 2002/ Accepted in revised form 3 July 2002     

Marigold Leaf Spot Caused by Alternaria tagetica New to Japan

In October 1998, a disease causing mainly foliar necrotic lesions was found on African marigold (Tagetes erecta) and French marigold (T. patula) grown in Miyagi Prefecture, Japan. Similar lesions also developed on stems and flowers, resulting in early blight of the affected organs. Plants with numerous lesions withered rapidly. A mitosporic fungus isolated repeatedly from the diseased plants was identified as Alternaria tagetica and demonstrated to cause the disease. The disease, as well as the fungus, is new to Japan. We propose the name “hanten-by?”, which means leaf spot in Japanese, for this disease. Received 5 April 2000/ Accepted in revised form 31 May 2000     

一株绿针假单胞菌桔黄亚种在防治番茄匍柄霉叶斑病中的应用

为筛选对番茄匍柄霉叶斑病具有良好拮抗效果的生防细菌,本研究采用稀释涂布法,从四川番茄根际土壤分离筛选到一株对番茄匍柄霉Stemphylium lycopersici(Enjoji)Yamamoto具有显著抑制效果的生防菌株YS05.经过形态学特征观察、生理生化特征、Biolog测定和多基因系统发育树分析,鉴定其为绿针假...     

Brown Leaf Spot on Lantana spp. Caused by Pseudocercospora guianensis

Brown leaf spot of Lantana camara L. and L. montevidensis Briq. caused by Pseudocercospora guianensis (Stevens et Solheim) Deighton was found in Shizuoka, Chiba, Kagoshima and Okinawa Prefectures. Pathogenicity of isolates from the leaf spots was examined, and a taxonomic study as well as identification of the causal fungus was carried out. Similar leaf spots appeared on 7 to 25 days after inoculation with the isolates on Lantana spp., and the same fungus was re-isolated from the inoculated leaves. Two hitherto known Pseudocercospora species on Lantana, P. guianensis and P. formosana, were considered to be variations within one species, and we identified the causal fungus as P. guianensis due to priority. Received 25 September 2000/ Accepted in revised form 20 May 2001     

New Leaf Spot Disease of Cymbidium Species Caused by Fusarium subglutinans and Fusarium proliferatum

Fusarium species were consistently isolated from yellow, swollen spots with reddishbrown centers and small black spots on leaves of Cymbidium plants in the greenhouse. Fusarium subglutinans caused the yellow spots and Fusarium proliferatum caused either the yellow or the black spots. We propose the name “yellow spot” for the new disease. To denote differences in their pathogenicity to orchid plants, we designate the population causing yellow spot as race Y and that causing black spot as race B of F. proliferatum. Received 29 October 1999/ Accepted in revised form 10 March 2000     

5%高渗腈菌唑乳油防治香蕉叶斑病药效试验

本文报道了5%高渗腈菌唑乳油对香蕉叶斑病的田间防治效果和使用方法。结果表明，在香蕉发病初期施药，可取得较好的防效，800-1600倍液对香蕉叶斑病防效为68%-84%。     

Pseudomonas syringae pv. solidagae pv. nov., the Causal Agent of Bacterial Leaf Spot of Tall Goldenrod Solidago altissima L.

A new bacterial disease of tall goldenrod (Solidago altissima L., “Seitaka-awadachiso” in Japanese), one of the most serious weeds in non-agricultural land, was discovered in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan. Characterized by angular or round, dark brown necrotic spots on leaves, this disease resulted in defoliation and terminal dieback of the plants in severe cases. The disease was named “bacterial leaf spot”. The causal bacterium was identified as Pseudomonas syringae based on its bacteriological properties including those determined by LOPAT tests. The present bacterium was pathogenic to tall goldenrod alone but not to many other tested plants including weeds, flowers, trees and crops. In addition, P. syringae pv. syringae and other pathovars did not show any pathogenicity to tall goldenrod. Because no pathovars of P. syringae pathogenic to tall goldenrod have been reported, the present bacterium was concluded to be a new pathovar of P. syringae. We propose the name P. syringae pv. solidagae pv. nov. , and strain Sei 1 (MAFF 810063) is designated as the pathotype strain and has been deposited in the MAFF collection with two reference strains (MAFF 810064 and MAFF81066). Received 9 May 2001/ Accepted in revised form 18 June 2001     

Shoot Blight and Leaf Spot of Blueberry Anthracnose Caused by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Colletotrichum acutatum</Emphasis>

Shoot blight and leaf spots were found on highbush blueberry trees in Tsukuba, Ibaraki, in 1999. The causal fungus was identified morphologically as Colletotrichum acutatum Simmonds ex Simmonds. This is the first report of blueberry anthracnose caused by C. acutatum in Japan. Received 16 November 2001/ Accepted in revised form 22 March 2002     

黄瓜细菌性角斑病拮抗细菌的筛选及其防治效果

黄瓜细菌性角斑病是近年来危害严重的黄瓜病害之一,严重时可导致黄瓜大面积减产。本实验室从黄瓜根际土壤中筛选得到一株对黄瓜细菌性角斑病菌有显著抑制效果的生防细菌ZF145。经菌落形态观察、生理生化测定、Biolog测定和多基因序列分析,鉴定菌株ZF145为贝莱斯芽胞杆菌Bacillus velezensis。该菌株在平板离体试验中的抑菌圈直径为5.60 cm,抑制率为62.22%;在盆栽和田间试验中,贝莱斯芽胞杆菌ZF145对黄瓜细菌性角斑病有显著的防治效果,盆栽防效为71.10%,田间防效为61.30%。平板对峙和双层培养试验证明菌株ZF145具有较为广谱的抑菌效果,可以明显抑制6株病原细菌和8株病原真菌的生长。综上,菌株ZF145生防性状优良,在植物病害生物防治中有一定应用潜力。     

昆明地区紫茎泽兰叶斑病的发生规律

云南省昆明地区由紫茎泽兰菌绒孢菌引起的紫茎泽兰叶斑病发生普遍,具有生防作用。定点调查的结果表明,叶斑病发病盛期在7-9月,发病高峰期在9月中旬,12月中旬至翌年的2月中旬为发病停滞期。病菌自新生叶侵入,自倒数第三层叶始显症状,下部叶片的病情较上部叶片严重,病菌潜育期为33~39d,植株的病叶率达40%~70%。生长瘦弱、光照少、湿度大的林荫下的植株病情较生长健壮、光照充足、土壤肥沃的植株病情严重。