Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp.pneumoniae引起云南省香蕉细菌性叶斑病（英文）

为明确一种新的香蕉(Musa sapientum)细菌性叶斑病病原菌,以云南省新平县香蕉园区发现的一种新病害为供试材料,通过分离培养、形态观察、致病性测定、生理生化试验和gyrB,16S rDNA和rpoB基因片段分析,对病原菌进行了鉴定。该病由克雷伯氏肺炎球菌肺炎亚种(Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp.pneumoniae)引起,病菌可侵染香蕉叶片、假茎和果实。茎干被病原菌侵入3 d后即可出现黑色小斑点,在接种部位附近呈上下方向蔓延趋势,7 d后茎干上出现大面积棕色坏死,内部组织褐变。本文在世界上首次报道克雷伯氏肺炎球菌肺炎亚种可侵染香蕉植株,引起香蕉细菌性叶斑病。     

香蕉叶斑病的药剂防治研究

通过室内筛选和田间试验,得到防治香蕉叶斑病的3种化学药剂组合和1种生物农药组合。复配药剂12.5%腈菌唑乳油+45%咪鲜胺水乳剂、40%氟硅唑乳油+45%咪鲜胺水乳剂和12.5%戊唑醇可湿性粉剂+12.5%腈菌唑乳油2年的田间防效均在71.6%～75.7%,显著高于1%中生菌素水剂+4%枯草芽胞杆菌水剂的防效。     

几种药剂防治香蕉叶斑病药效试验报告

经田间试验,25%敌力脱乳油、25%必扑尔乳油和25%科惠乳油各1 500倍分别混合70%代森锰锌600倍防治香蕉叶斑病,有良好的防治效果,与当前香蕉生产上正常使用的浓度25%敌力脱乳油1000倍液,25%必扑尔乳油1000倍液、25%科惠乳油1000倍液和30%爱苗乳油2000倍液防效差异不显著,但通过混合使用后可降低防治成本。     

广西香蕉真菌性叶斑病病原菌种群结构分析

2009年2-3月对广西香蕉主产区真菌性叶斑病病原进行抽样鉴定。结果显示,广西香蕉真菌性叶斑病病原至少有10种,主要病原为Cordana musae,分布广,检出率为56.77%~92.19%;Corynespora cassiicola和Deightoniella torulosa为次,两种病原菌均主要集中在南宁地区,检出率分别为32.34%和22.61%;叶斑病类型以单一病原侵染为主,检出率为78.13%~92.19%;复合侵染的叶斑病类型以2种病原共同侵染居多。     

12.5%咪鲜·腈菌乳油防治香蕉叶斑病试验

用 12 .5 %咪·腈乳油防治香蕉叶斑病试验 ,药后 10 d6 0 0～ 80 0倍的防效达 84 .0 %～ 82 .4 % ,药后 2 0 d防效可达86 .2 %～ 84 .6 % ,药效显著高于咪鲜胺、腈菌唑 ,且对香蕉生长没有不良影响 ,值得在生产上推广使用。     

烯唑醇防治水稻纹枯病、香蕉叶斑病试验

试验表明,不稻纹枯病,烯唑醇施1次药与井冈霉素施2次药的效果相当;防治香蕉叶斑病,烯唑醇与敌力脱的效果也基本相当。     

4种杀菌剂对香蕉叶斑病的田间防效评价

为筛选可有效防治香蕉叶斑病的药剂,采用叶面喷雾法开展了4种杀菌剂防治香蕉叶斑病的田间试验.结果表明,在第3次药后10 d,40％丙硫菌唑?氟嘧菌酯悬浮剂1 500、2 000、2 500倍液处理的防效分别为82.61％、73.85％、60.90％,对应单剂40％丙硫菌唑悬浮剂2 000倍液和40％氟嘧菌酯悬浮剂2 00...     

肺炎克雷伯氏菌(Klebsiella pneumoniae)对植物影响的研究进展

肺炎克雷伯氏菌(Klebsiella pneumoniae)不仅是重要的人和动物的条件致病菌和食源性致病菌,也是一种能够跨界侵染植物的病原菌。K.pneumoniae能够以植物作为回到人和动物寄主的载体,在植物的附生或内生生长是其生命周期的重要组成部分。它还能够跨越生物界直接侵染玉米、香蕉、石榴、高粱等,引起植物病害。在不同环境中生存的生态适应性是K.pneumoniae跨界侵染的机制。K.pneumoniae很可能利用与感染动物相同或不同的策略来侵染植物,但其机制有待进一步研究。本文综述了K.pneumoniae对植物影响的研究进展,重点介绍了其对植物的致病性,并对其众多的生态位进行了讨论。     

12.5%氟环唑悬浮剂防治香蕉叶斑病田间药效试验

通过几种药剂对香蕉叶斑病的防效比较试验,结果表明:12.5%氟环唑SC 3000倍液、4000倍液防效分别是70.23%、68.34%,对照区30%苯甲.丙环唑EC 4000倍液和25%丙环唑EC 800倍液防效分别是52.14%、50.43%。12.5%氟环唑SC的2种浓度处理区差异性不明显,但与对照区药剂之间存在极显著差异;30%苯甲.丙环唑EC 4000倍液和25%丙环唑EC 800倍液的防效相当。建议预防香蕉叶斑病时,用12.5%氟环唑SC 4000倍液防治;在香蕉叶斑病发病初期,用12.5%氟环唑SC 3000倍液防治,药效可持续14～30d,比常规药节省2～3次用药。     

25％苯醚甲环唑乳油防治香蕉叶斑病药效试验

田间使用25％苯醚甲环唑EC2000倍、2500倍和3000倍稀释液防治香蕉叶斑病最高平均防效分别达71．5％、66．0％和43．1％,与对照药剂25％势克EC3000倍稀释液的防效（70．6％）相当,建议在生产上推广使用。     

25%丙环唑乳油防治香蕉叶斑病药效试验

本文试验25％丙环唑乳油防治对香蕉叶斑病的防治效果,结果表明,丙环唑乳油600倍,900倍,1200倍液对香蕉叶病均有较好的防治效果,以900－1200倍为宜,探讨了丙环唑防治香蕉叶斑病的方法。     

Yellow sigatoka epidemics caused by a panmictic population of Mycosphaerella musicola in Brazil

The genetic structure of Mycosphaerella musicola has never been investigated in Brazil to address epidemiologically related questions associated with yellow sigatoka. A total of 223 single‐conidium isolates from four regions (North, South, Zona da Mata and Triângulo Mineiro) of Minas Gerais State, Brazil, were used to assess the population genetic structure of M. musicola. Isolates were characterized regarding the frequency of the MAT1‐1‐1 or MAT1‐2‐1 idiomorphs and polymorphism at nine microsatellite loci. The mating‐type ratio in three of the four subpopulations was c. 1:1. A total of 87 alleles and 216 multilocus genotypes were identified. The overall population was in linkage equilibrium. Most (93.9%) genetic variation was detected within the subpopulations and there was weak differentiation between them. In total, eight genetic groups were detected and isolates of seven groups were present in all regions. The population of M. musicola in Minas Gerais seems to have high evolutionary potential: it is panmictic and both sexual reproduction and gene flow affect genetic variability. Strategies to avoid fungicide resistance should be enforced and breeding programmes need to consider quantitative resistance in the banana cultivars.     

应用RAPD标记技术鉴定香蕉褐缘灰斑病菌

采用Mycosphaerella fijiiensis和M.musicola的RAPD标记技术鉴定海南香蕉褐缘灰斑病菌,结果表明,分离自海南儋州、乐东、文昌、东方、澄迈、临高、琼海、昌江、琼山、三亚香蕉上的10个菌株均为M.fijiensis,引起香蕉黑叶条斑病。     

5%高渗腈菌唑乳油防治香蕉叶斑病药效试验

本文报道了5%高渗腈菌唑乳油对香蕉叶斑病的田间防治效果和使用方法。结果表明,在香蕉发病初期施药,可取得较好的防效,800-1600倍液对香蕉叶斑病防效为68%-84%。     

一株绿针假单胞菌桔黄亚种在防治番茄匍柄霉叶斑病中的应用

为筛选对番茄匍柄霉叶斑病具有良好拮抗效果的生防细菌,本研究采用稀释涂布法,从四川番茄根际土壤分离筛选到一株对番茄匍柄霉Stemphylium lycopersici(Enjoji)Yamamoto具有显著抑制效果的生防菌株YS05.经过形态学特征观察、生理生化特征、Biolog测定和多基因系统发育树分析,鉴定其为绿针假...     

薏苡叶枯病和叶斑病调查与病原鉴定

对福建省龙岩市新罗区薏苡叶部病害进行了调查。用组织分离法,PSA平板培养经纯化后作病原鉴定,在其上发现了两种病害:薏苡叶斑病为一种新病害,病原鉴定为薏苡尾孢(Cercospora sp.);薏苡叶枯病为福建省首次记录,其病原为薏苡平脐蠕孢(Bipolaris coicis)。     

Alternaria Leaf Spot on Mealycup Sage (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Salvia farinacea </Emphasis>Benth.) Caused by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Alternaria alternata </Emphasis>(Fr.) Keissler

In June 1995, a disease causing round to irregular-shaped, water-soaked, brown to blackish brown spots on mealycup sage (Salvia farinacea Benth.) was found in Atsugi-shi, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. The symptoms were seen only on leaves, not on neither flower petals or stems. The disease was also found in Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Memambetsu-cho, Hokkaido and Shimoda-shi and Matsuzaki-cho, Shizuoka. An Alternaria sp. was frequently isolated from these diseased plants. The isolates were severely pathogenic to mealycup sage and caused lesions on the inoculated leaves. The isolates were also weakly pathogenic on scarlet sage (S. splendens Sellow ex Roem. and Schult.) but not on any other Labiatae plants tested. Based on morphological characteristics, such as size of conidia, chain number, and the short beak on conidia, the causal fungus was identified as Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler. This report is the first on a mealycup sage disease caused by A. alternata. Because the symptom was restricted to the leaf, the common name of Alternaria leaf spot was proposed. Received 30 August 2002/ Accepted in revised form 18 November 2002     

番茄叶片漆腐病病原菌鉴定

 A new leave disease of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Miller) was observed in polyethylene film-covered greenhouse in Beijing, China. This disease spreaded rapidly in the greenhouse and caused serious loss of the production of tomatoes. In the study, a fungal strain isolated from the lesion was confirmed to be pathogen for this new disease, and identified as Myrothecium roridum Tode ex Ft. based on the morphology, cultural characters on PDA plate and sequence analysis of ribosomal DNA-ITS. This is the first report of myrothecium leaf spot on tomato occurring in commercial greenhouse in China.