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1.
麦红吸浆虫滞育不同时期幼虫蛋白质双向电泳分析   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
为筛选与麦红吸浆虫滞育相关的蛋白,采用双向电泳及图像分析技术分析了麦红吸浆虫滞育前、后和滞育期的蛋白质图谱及其变化。结果表明,在滞育前幼虫的双向电泳图谱上平均可检测到蛋白质点约300个,其它时期约275个,其中多数分布在分子量8.0~50.0kD、等电点4.0~9.0的区域。在所检测到的蛋白质点中,26个在滞育前特异表达;3个在滞育前缺失,其它阶段表达;2个在滞育后200天特异表达;3个在滞育前和滞育解除后表达,滞育期缺失;34个在所有时期均表达,但各时期的表达量存在显著差异。  相似文献   

2.
为明确麦红吸浆虫成虫和幼虫滞育过程中体内蜕皮激素的变化规律,采用放射免疫分析法测定了麦红吸浆虫成虫和幼虫滞育过程中的蜕皮激素滴度.结果表明,同一天羽化的成虫,雌虫蜕皮激素滴度为7.43pg/头,显著高于雄虫;滞育前后及滞育期幼虫蜕皮激素滴度存在显著差异,滞育前为5.22pg/头,进入滞育后显著降低;滞育期间,冬季蜕皮激素滴度为6.64~7.10pg/头,显著高于其它季节;滞育解除后蜕皮激素滴度显著降低,之后随着幼虫的生长发育逐渐升高,至化蛹前约1周达到最高,为15.22 pg/头.滞育期间同期裸露幼虫与结茧幼虫,以及不同滞育年限幼虫的蜕皮激素滴度差异均不显著.  相似文献   

3.
伞裙追寄蝇滞育期间主要物质含量变化研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
为了明确伞裙追寄蝇滞育过程中主要抗寒物质及其含量的变化,对伞裙追寄蝇滞育期间主要物质总糖、蛋白质和脂类含量的变化进行了研究。结果表明,糖原含量在滞育期高于非滞育期的浓度,具有显著差异,且在蛹期达到最大值,分别为156.73μg/mg、68.32μg/mg,两者差异显著。在伞裙追寄蝇进入滞育之前,非滞育期蛋白质含量较高,在蛹期达到最大值为78.34μg/mg;滞育期则为72.95μg/mg,二者差异显著。滞育和非滞育成虫体内的甘油含量很低,在整个发育过程中,除蛹期外,其他各时期伞裙追寄蝇的甘油浓度在滞育期高于非滞育期,且差异均显著。比较各物质含量可知伞裙追寄蝇滞育时的主要抗寒物质是糖原。  相似文献   

4.
为探明灰飞虱Laodelphax striatellus滞育过程中生理生化的变化特点,利用蒽酮比色法、甘油酶法、BCA法和分光光度法,测定了不同龄期非滞育、滞育灰飞虱若虫体内的总糖、糖原、海藻糖、甘油、蛋白质和氨基酸含量。结果表明,灰飞虱各龄期滞育若虫体内总糖、糖原、海藻糖、甘油、总蛋白和总氨基酸的含量与非滞育若虫存在差异。滞育若虫体内糖原和甘油的含量与非滞育若虫无显著差异,而总糖、海藻糖和氨基酸的含量均显著高于非滞育若虫,3龄滞育若虫体内海藻糖的含量为95.5μg/mg,是非滞育若虫的1.4倍;各龄期滞育若虫体内总蛋白含量均极显著高于非滞育若虫,3龄滞育若虫体内的总蛋白含量最大,为0.68 g/L,是非滞育若虫的1.3倍。研究表明,灰飞虱滞育个体属于海藻糖积累型,并通过滞育系统调节生理生化习性以增强抗逆性,从而渡过不良环境。  相似文献   

5.
日本平腹小蜂是多种果树蝽类害虫的优势寄生蜂, 能以老熟幼虫滞育越冬。本研究分别测定了日本平腹小蜂非滞育老熟幼虫、滞育25、35、45、55 d老熟幼虫和滞育解除老熟幼虫体内的总蛋白、脂类、糖类及醇类等生化物质的含量, 以及海藻糖酶和抗氧化酶(超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶)等关键酶的活性变化, 比较了日本平腹小蜂滞育、非滞育和滞育解除老熟幼虫体内重要生化物质的差异。结果表明:滞育老熟幼虫显著积累脂类、甘油三酯、糖原等能源物质以及山梨醇等低温保护物质, 且滞育个体的抗氧化能力显著增强, 这些变化有助于提高其抗逆性, 满足滞育维持期及滞育解除后恢复发育的能量需求, 保证滞育个体的发育和存活。结果为解析日本平腹小蜂的滞育机制奠定了基础。  相似文献   

6.
小麦吸浆虫药剂防治技术研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
选择不同杀虫剂、不同防治时期、施药方法和次数防治小麦吸浆虫的试验表明,在小麦吸浆虫化蛹率达50%时,应用50%甲胺磷乳油、50%甲基异柳磷乳油、50%对硫磷乳油和6%林丹粉剂配成毒土于麦田撒施,均可有效控制小麦吸浆虫危害,穗、粒被害率均比对照降低80%以上;在小麦吸浆虫成虫羽化始盛期,用55%林丹胶悬剂0.4g/66.7m2、0.6g/66.7m2防治,防效达91.86%、94.95%,在这几种杀虫剂中防效最好;小麦播种前施药防治小麦吸浆虫幼虫效果并不理想。小麦吸浆虫的药剂防治策略应是蛹期防治为主,成虫期扫残。  相似文献   

7.
昆虫属变温动物,为度过不良环境条件,许多昆虫利用滞育特性适应环境的变化,通过对昆虫滞育及感应光周期的敏感阶段进行描述,拟让人们更清楚地了解昆虫滞育期及感应光周期敏感阶段昆虫生物学特性。  相似文献   

8.
光周期和温度对苹果蠹蛾滞育诱导的影响   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0  
为探讨光周期和温度对苹果蠹蛾Cydia pomonella滞育诱导的影响,通过人工诱导的方法对其滞育的光周期、温度诱导条件及滞育的敏感光照虫期进行了研究。结果表明:20℃时,光照时间短于12 h,苹果蠹蛾的滞育率可达到100%;25℃时,光周期为L 8∶D 16时滞育率最高,为98.3%;30℃时,光照时间少于10 h,苹果蠹蛾的滞育率可达85%以上。在20、25和30℃条件下,幼虫滞育的临界日长分别为14.21、13.68和13.73 h。苹果蠹蛾对光照反应有2个最敏感时期,即幼虫初孵化阶段和预蛹期阶段,卵期对光照反应不敏感。表明苹果蠹蛾是一种典型的短日照滞育型种类,光周期、温度及其交互作用均对其滞育诱导具有重要影响,其中光周期占主导作用,温度随着光周期起作用,低温对滞育诱导有很好的促进作用。  相似文献   

9.
在27~29℃温度下,用1.5 mL/L的正己烷蒸气处理菜蛾盘绒茧蜂滞育蛹10~15 min后可以解除其滞育。为探讨解除滞育的机制,测定了正己烷处理后菜蛾盘绒茧蜂滞育预蛹体内的过氧化氢含量(H2O2)和3种抗氧化酶(SOD、POD和CAT)活性。结果表明正己烷处理后,滞育预蛹体内H2O2含量、SOD和POD活性均迅速上升,CAT活性则下降。就5个取样点的平均值而言,H2O2含量和SOD活性显著高于非滞育预蛹和未经处理的滞育预蛹,POD活性低于非滞育预蛹而高于未经处理的滞育预蛹,CAT活性则低于未经处理的滞育预蛹而高于非滞育预蛹。3种抗氧化酶活性的变化与体内H2O2含量的平衡有关,而H2O2含量的变化可能与体内激素水平的调节有关。  相似文献   

10.
为明确管侧沟茧蜂Microplitis tuberculifer寄生对粘虫Mythimna separata在玉米植株上分布位置的影响及相关机理,采用生物学观察法在温室和实验室内监测了被寄生与未被寄生的粘虫幼虫在玉米活体植株和离体叶片上的分布及管侧沟茧蜂结茧位置的变化。结果表明,被管侧沟茧蜂寄生的粘虫幼虫在玉米叶片背面的平均分布比例为36.29%,显著高于未被寄生粘虫的14.60%;寄生后第8天开始,被寄生粘虫在黄色叶片上的分布比例显著高于未被寄生粘虫;非滞育和滞育条件下,管侧沟茧蜂在玉米植株黄色叶片上的平均结茧数目分别为19.3个和15.3个,显著高于绿叶上的6.5个和4.7个及土面上的0.8个和0.7个,选择性试验发现湿度在结茧位置的选择中发挥着重要作用。研究表明,管侧沟茧蜂可以通过调控寄主粘虫在玉米植株上的分布位置协助其找到合适的结茧位置。  相似文献   

11.
茶皂素、生石灰等防治稻田福寿螺的效果评估   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
福寿螺已成为我国南方局部稻区严重危害水稻的有害生物,为解决常用的化学杀螺剂污染环境和农产品的问题,分别在室内和大田环境下研究了生石灰、碳酸氢铵、茶麸和茶皂素4种替代物质防治福寿螺的效果。茶皂素、茶麸和生石灰对稻田福寿螺有很好的防治作用。在室内试验中40 mg/L和50 mg/L茶皂素处理在48 h 即达到了100%的防效;在大田试验中茶皂素6.0 g/m2的处理在第4天、1.5 g/m2的处理在第16天均达到了100%的防治效果,且速效性和持效性也显著优于其它物质。30 g/m2和45 g/m2的茶麸处理以及45 g/m2的生石灰处理在大田试验第16天的防治效果也在80%以上。这3种物质对稻田稗草还有很好的抑制作用。碳酸氢铵对福寿螺防治效果较差,且能促进稻田稗草的发生。研究结果表明,茶皂素、茶麸和生石灰可作为化学杀螺剂的替代物质在大田中推广应用。  相似文献   

12.
The biological effects of two important medicinal plants, Artemisia annua L. and Achillea millefolium (L.) (viz, mortality, growth, and feeding indices as well as enzyme and non-enzymatic activities) were studied on small white Pieris rapae L a deleterious pest of cruciferous plants under controlled conditions (16:8 h L:D at 25 ± 1 °C and 65 ± 5% RH). The LC50 and LC25 values were 9.387% and 3.645% for A. annua L. and 4.19% and 1.69% for A. millefolium (L.), respectively. At the lowest concentration (0.625%), the deterrency was 29.826% and 44.185% for A. annua L. and A. millefolium (L.), respectively. Feeding indices were variously affected with changes in a number of parameters and an increase in larval and pupal duration. The activity level of alkaline phosphatase increased sharply while alanin and aspartate aminotransferases showed a sharp decrease. For non-enzymatic compounds, the amount of glucose and uric acid increased, but total protein and cholesterol decreased. These results indicate that these two medicinal plants might possess potential secondary metabolites that may be useful for controlling potential insect pests.  相似文献   

13.
14.
椰心叶甲人工饲料的研制及应用效果评价   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
为了获得入侵害虫椰心叶甲Brontispa longissima(Gestro)的人工饲料,在分析其天然寄主叶片水分和营养成分基础上,借鉴其它鞘翅目昆虫人工饲料配方,进行椰心叶甲人工饲料的配制和筛选,并评价人工饲料饲养的椰心叶甲对其寄生蜂椰甲截脉姬小蜂Asecodes hispinarum和椰心叶甲啮小蜂Tetrastichus brontispae的适合性。人工饲料配方的成分:蔗糖4%、椰子粉2%、大豆粉2%、椰树叶粉10%、酵母2%、维生素E 0.3%、抗坏血酸0.2%、对羟基苯甲酸甲酯0.2%、琼脂4%、链霉素0.03%和水75%。用所配制的人工饲料饲养椰心叶甲初孵幼虫,其蛹成活率可达36%,蛹羽化率与对照无显著差异,均在90%以上;雌成虫占52.4%,与对照无显著差异。表明人工饲料饲养所得的椰心叶甲可用于其幼虫寄生蜂椰甲截脉姬小蜂和蛹寄生蜂椰心叶甲啮小蜂的扩繁。  相似文献   

15.
Aquatic environments of the pampasic region of Argentina are severely affected by agricultural contamination due to an increase in a glyphosate tolerant transgenic variety of soybean crops. The present study is aimed to determine the effects of a commonly used Cyfluthrin commercial formulation (CCF) on growth, some physiological and biochemical parameter of four species of green algae. Significant inhibition of algal growth was observed from 0.1 mg Cyf/l. 96 h IC50 were between 0.92 and 4.85 mg Cyf/l. CCF caused algicidal effects. Photosynthesis was stimulated by 50% in Scenedesmus quadricauda cultures exposed to the lowest concentration (hormesis). Algal photosynthesis inhibition was observed at higher concentrations with IC50 values between 1.7 and 8.9 mg Cyf/l. Similar toxicity endpoints were found as a consequence of applying the traditional methodology of short-term chronic toxicity test of 96 h of exposition and the methodology developed using the Clark type photosynthetic oxygen evolution method. CAT activity was significantly increased between 23% and 33% considering the four species, at a lower concentration than those affecting algal growth and photosynthesis, indicating a potential biomarker. Taking into account that the extent of the soybean crops in the region is about fourteen million hectares, the improvement and extension of environmental tools for early detection of the action of pesticides on this essential group of organisms are discussed.  相似文献   

16.
为了明确长枝木霉Trichoderma longibrachiatum对小麦禾谷胞囊线虫Heterodera avenae卵的防治潜力和作用机制,在室内测定了长枝木霉分生孢子悬浮液对小麦禾谷胞囊线虫卵的寄生和毒杀作用,并通过温室盆栽试验测定了长枝木霉分生孢子悬浮液对小麦禾谷胞囊线虫卵的防治效果.室内试验中1.5×107 CFU/mL的长枝木霉分生孢子悬浮液处理12 d对小麦禾谷胞囊线虫卵的寄生率和卵孵化的相对抑制率分别为91.33%和88.35%.温室盆栽试验中1.5×107 CFU/mL处理对土壤中胞囊、线虫和根系中线虫的相对防治效果分别为89.84%、92.67%和88.30%;接种卵悬浮液和长枝木霉分生孢子悬浮液后,小麦幼苗株高、根系长度、地上部鲜重和根系鲜重的增长率分别为66.72%、159.31%、169.09%和170.19%;叶绿素总量和根系活力显著高于对照,分别为17.52 mg/g和356.25 μg·g-1·h-1.研究表明长枝木霉可作为小麦禾谷胞囊线虫的生防制剂.  相似文献   

17.
Oral toxicity of boric acid, an inorganic insecticide, was evaluated on German cockroach, Blattella germanica L. (Dictyoptera, Blattellidae). Newly emerged adults were exposed to various concentrations of boric acid incorporated into the diet. Results showed that treated insects exhibited toxic symptoms with a dose-dependent mortality. Histological study of midgut revealed alterations in the epithelial cells and a significant increase in the epithelium thickness. In a second series of experiments, the compound was investigated on the activities of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and glutathione S-transferases (GSTs). Data showed that the compound induced GSTs and reduced the activity of AChE. From this experiment, it may be concluded that ingested boric acid caused death of insects perhaps ultimately by starvation via alterations of the midgut. Additionally, the compound seemed to present a neurotoxic action as evidenced by the symptoms of poisoning and the reduction in AchE activity.  相似文献   

18.
Potential resistance development to Bt cotton in certain lepidopterans has prompted research to develop strategies that will preserve this environmental-friendly biotechnology. Proteinase inhibitors are potential candidates for enhancing Bt toxicity against lepidopteran pests and for expanding the spectrum of control for other insects. Interactions of Bt toxin from Bacillus thuringiensis and proteinase inhibitors were investigated by monitoring growth, development, and gut proteinase activities of the bollworm, Helicoverpa zea. Several proteinase inhibitors were combined with Bt protoxin Cry1Ac in artificial diet and fed to newly molted 3rd-instar bollworm larvae to determine effects on larval body weight and length, pupation progress, and mortality rate. Major midgut proteinase activities, including caseinase, tryptic, and chymotrypsin activities, were examined after treatment. A concentration of Bt at a level causing minimal mortality (<10%), was mixed with the following proteinase inhibitors: benzamidine, phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF), and N-α-tosyl-l-lysine chloromethyl ketone (TLCK). When compared with controls, the synergistic effect of Bt toxin and proteinase inhibitors caused significant decreases in mean larval weight and length over time. Midgut samples tested against the substrates azocasein, α-benzoyl-dl-arginine-p-nitroanilide (BApNA), and N-succinyl-alanine-alanine-proline-phenylalanine-p-nitroanilide (SAAPFpNA) showed significant decreases in the protease activity of larvae fed Bt plus inhibitor versus control. Interaction of Bt and proteinase inhibitors significantly retarded larval growth and resulted in developmental delay and up to 20% mortality.  相似文献   

19.
甘蔗宿根矮化病菌巢式PCR检测   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
为了探索甘蔗宿根矮化病快速检测技术,以细菌16S-23S rDNA内转录间隔区(ITS)通用引物ITS1/ITS2为第1轮引物,以甘蔗宿根矮化病菌特异引物Lxx1/Lxx2为第2轮引物,建立甘蔗宿根矮化病菌巢式PCR检测技术。巢式PCR能扩增出438 bp的目的条带,其核苷酸序列与巴西、澳大利亚及美国甘蔗宿根矮化病菌分离物核苷酸序列同源率为100%或99.8%;其检测灵敏度为10fg甘蔗宿根矮化病菌基因组DNA,较常规PCR提高100倍;样品检测结果也表明巢式PCR检测灵敏度明显优于常规PCR,可用于+1片嫩叶和心叶等微量病菌样品的检测。  相似文献   

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