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1.
高梁霜霉病   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
李德福 《植物检疫》2001,15(2):90-93
高粱霜霉病Peronosclerospora sorghi(Weston & Uppal)C. G. Shaw是我国对外检疫一类危险性病害玉米霜霉病( Peronosclerospora . spp. )其中的1个种.玉米霜霉病有7个种侵染玉米,P.sorghi是其中分布最广危害最重的1个种.  相似文献   

2.
玉米霜霉病是热带、亚热带地区的毁灭性病害。美国早在1916年就对玉米霜霉病有了检疫规定,禁止从东方进口玉米。一些非洲国家、澳大利亚等国也先后制定了类似的检疫法规。我国在1986年将玉米霜霉病 Pe-ronosclerospora spp.列为进口植物检疫对象。在自然界中侵染玉米的霜霉病菌有三个属9个种(见表1)。霜指霉属 Peronosclero-spora 的四个种在其发生地区严重威胁玉米生产。如高粱霜霉病.P.sorghi 1969年在美国得克萨斯州流行,使玉米高梁的产量损失  相似文献   

3.
高粱霜霉病     
李德福 《植物检疫》2001,15(2):90-93
高粱霜霉病Peronosclerosporasorghi(Weston&Uppal)C .G .Shaw是我国对外检疫一类危险性病害玉米霜霉病(Peronosclerosporaspp .)其中的 1个种。玉米霜霉病有 7个种侵染玉米 ,P .sorghi是其中分布最广危害最重的 1个种。本文描述了高粱霜霉病 (以下简称SDM )症状和病原菌生物学特性 ,对病原菌的分生孢子、孢子梗和卵孢子等形态上的检测方法进行研究 ,并探讨应用PCR技术检测高粱霜霉病和玉米霜霉病。1 国内外研究概况SDM最早在印度发现。 1 90 7年Butle…  相似文献   

4.
河南省玉米锈病病原菌的分子检测   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
正玉米锈病是玉米生产中的重要病害,于2004年在河南省首次流行,目前已成为该省玉米生产中的主要病害(袁虹霞等,2010)。该病病原菌在世界范围内有2属3种(谌多仁,1963),我国玉米锈病主要包括由玉米柄锈菌Puccinia sorghi Schweinitz引起的普通型锈病和由多堆柄锈菌P.polysora Underwood引起的南方型锈病,二者从发病症状和病原菌  相似文献   

5.
引言高梁霜指霉 Peronosclerospora sorghi在玉米和高粱上引起的霜霉病是热带和亚热带地区的一种重要病害。在系统感染的高粱植株的颖壳内和种皮中都发现了高粱霜指霉的卵孢子,在种子的胚乳中观察到了菌丝段。在玉米种子的种皮、胚乳和胚中都检查到了高粱霜指霉的卵孢子和菌  相似文献   

6.
玉米内州萎蔫病是北美玉米生产中的严重病害,为预防其传入我国,本文采用GARP模型对该病害在中国潜在的适生区域进行预测,以期为检疫策略的制定提供参考.预测结果表明,该病害在我国全境均有不同程度的适生性,其高风险区主要是从我国东北部到西南部,包括黑龙江、吉林、辽宁、内蒙古、新疆、北京、河北、山西、陕西、宁夏、甘肃、青海、四川和西藏等省市的全部或部分地区.加强该病害入侵危害我国重要作物玉米的风险管理极为重要.  相似文献   

7.
CLIMEX-GIS预测大豆北方茎溃疡病菌在中国的潜在分布   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
大豆北方茎溃疡病菌是大豆的重要病原菌,广泛分布于世界主要大豆产区,造成严重的产量和品质损失。本文应用生物模型CLIMEX结合GIS软件预测大豆北方茎溃疡病菌在中国的适生区,并根据EI值划分相应的适生等级。结果表明,大豆北方茎溃疡病菌在我国绝大部分地区适合生长,其中东北地区、华北地区和云贵高原地区处于中适生区或高适生区。该菌在我国还未报道,通过分析其在我国潜在分布区对于防止病菌的传入、传播和蔓延有重要的检疫意义。  相似文献   

8.
玉米(Zea mays L.)能用 Peronos-clerospora sorghi(Weston and Uppal)C.G.Shaw 的分生孢子接种,以测试其对高梁霜霉病的感病性。未表现高梁霜霉病系统症状(接种后几天叶片出现褪绿)的接种植株认为是抗病的。用分生孢子接种后至少需要观察21天,才能证明没有症状出现的植  相似文献   

9.
武汉地区发现玉米疯顶病   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
玉米霜霉病是玉米上一种毁灭性病害,引起玉米霜霉病的病原菌有3属9种[1],其中大孢指疫霉菌Sclerophthoramacrospora(Sacc.)Thirumetal所致的玉米霜霉病(又叫疯顶病或丛顶病),分布于世界各玉米产区。国内近年来在宁夏、新疆、辽宁、北京等  相似文献   

10.
马铃薯木虱是原产于北美的重要害虫,近年研究表明该虫能传播马铃薯毁灭性病害———马铃薯斑纹片病其病原菌为(Candidatus Liberibacter solancearum,简称Lso),因而受到更多国家和地区的特别关注。迄今为止,该虫及其所传病害在我国尚未有分布,均是我国关注的具有重要检疫意义的有害生物。2017年,我国广州、上海口岸首次从进境货物中截获Lso。目前,我国口岸尚未截获马铃薯木虱,但是鉴于其本身和所传带病害的重大危害性,有必要明确马铃薯木虱在我国的潜在地理分布和传入风险。本文采用生物学动态仿真模型结合地理信息系统的方法,分析其在我国的适生范围和适生程度,同时对该虫传入我国的风险进行定量评估,确定其入侵风险等级,为有害生物检疫和国门把关决策提供科学依据。研究结果表明马铃薯木虱在我国有很广阔的适生范围,中、高度适生区所占的面积大。其中高度适生范围有云南、广西、广东、海南、台湾、福建、江西、湖南、贵州、重庆、湖北、安徽、浙江、上海、江苏、河南、山东以及四川东南部、甘肃南部、陕西南部、山西南部、河北南部和东部、辽宁南部等地区,其入侵风险R值达到2.37,属高度危险等级。建议将马铃薯木虱列入我国禁止进境的植物检疫有害生物名录,口岸监管部门应严格检疫。  相似文献   

11.
Jeger  Gilijamse  Bock  & Frinking 《Plant pathology》1998,47(5):544-569
Sorghum downy mildew ( Peronosclerospora sorghi ) infecting sorghum and maize, and pearl millet downy mildew ( Sclerospora graminicola ) infecting pearl millet can cause considerable yield loss in Africa. The last 15 years have witnessed an increase in knowledge of the biology, epidemiology and control of these two pathogens. Much information has been obtained on the effect of environmental factors on disease epidemiology, spore production and dispersal. Molecular techniques applied to study pathogenic variability have aided in defining relationships among these pathogens, although scope of the work is limited. Knowledge of the genetics and inheritance of resistance, and of resistance mechanisms, has also increased. This review presents the current state of knowledge of both downy mildew pathogens, with focus on their status on sorghum and pearl millet in Africa. Despite the advances in knowledge over the last 15 years, these downy mildews remain important constraints to sustainable crop production in the semi-arid regions of Africa. In some cases information obtained in Asia and the Americas can be extrapolated to Africa but care must be taken in ensuring its applicability. Priorities for future research relevant for Africa are proposed and discussed.  相似文献   

12.

Development of sorghum downy mildew, incited by Peronoscleospora sorghi (Weston and Uppal) C.G. Shaw, on maize, sorghum and Johnson grass was investigated at two locations in Uganda during three seasons (1994 and 1995). More sorghum downy mildew developed on the Johnson grass and sorghum than on the maize at all locations and in all seasons. No significant differences were observed in sporulation of P. soghi on the three hosts. Leaf shredding occurred on the three hosts but was the least on maize. Cross-inoculation with both conidia and oospores was achieved on the three hosts. Since the fungal population formed oospores and sporulated readily on the three hosts, which is typical of the sorghum strain, the disease in Uganda is attributed to the sorghum strain.  相似文献   

13.
In an area of Nigeria where downy mildew of maize is present, histological assessment of maize seed revealed the presence of mycelium and oospores of Peronosclerospora sorghi in the kernels. Seed transmission of downy mildew of maize was demonstrated when grain purchased at local markets gave mean seedling infection rates of 12·3% (untreated seeds) and 10·0% (in metalaxyl-treated seeds) within 7 days of emergence, after storage in a desiccator for 30 days. When untreated seeds taken from nubbin ears of systemically infected plants from four states in southern Nigeria were planted at 9 days (17–22% moisture content) and 27 days (9–22% moisture content) after harvest, 20·0% infected seedlings resulted in both trials. Seeds from Borno state in northern Nigeria had 26·6% systemic seedling infection after 9 months of storage at 11% moisture content. When seeds harvested from maize plants inoculated with P. sorghi through silks were examined histologically, hyphae of P. sorghi were observed mostly in the scutellum of the embryo. Transmission of disease to seedlings was observed when the silk-inoculated seeds (9% moisture content) were planted in pots in a greenhouse; however, no disease transmission was observed when such seeds were planted in the field. The epidemiological significance of seed transmission is discussed with particular reference to survival of inoculum and development of epidemics. Also noteworthy is the overall significance of seed transmission in Nigeria, where the major source of seed is that saved by farmers from their grain crop, occasionally supplemented by seed bought from the local market.  相似文献   

14.
藜麦霜霉病病原菌鉴定   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
正藜麦原产于南美洲的安第斯山地区,具有适应恶劣环境的特性,在美洲、欧洲、亚洲、澳洲等地都有种植~([1])。联合国粮农组织推荐为适宜人类食用的"全营养食品"~([2,3])。我国的藜麦产业起步晚,2008年山西省最早实现了规模化种植藜麦~([4])。2016年山西省藜麦面积约5307hm~2,其中山西省  相似文献   

15.
Abstract

Incidence and geographical distribution of downy mildew (Peronosclerospora sorghi) on maize (Zea mays) were determined in a systematic survey of 181 maize fields in the major maize‐growing regions and ecological zones of Nigeria. Downy mildew was observed in the forest and Guinea savanna ecologies, but no disease was detected in other ecologies. Highest levels of disease incidence (63%) were observed in the forest zone, and progressively less disease incidence was found at the southern and northern Guinea savanna zones. Spatial pattern analysis indicated an aggregation and randomness of infected plants in the northern Guinea savanna and the forest zone, respectively. Disease incidence was positively correlated with the presence of downy mildew infected sorghum plants and relative amount of sporulation on infected sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) but negatively correlated with plant age and cropping pattern. Relative sporulation on maize plants was negatively correlated with age of maize plants. Higher levels of disease incidence were observed when the previous crop was either maize or sorghum than when previous crops were cassava, okra, tomatoes, or rice.  相似文献   

16.
Symptoms of a downy mildew disease were recognized on maize growing in the Atherton Tableland and Lakeland Downs areas of Far North Queensland in 1985. Quarantine measures were invoked to prevent the spread of this potentially serious disease to other parts of Australia.
The pathogen was identified as Peronosclerospora maydis in 1986 following examination of conidiophores with conidia and host range studies. An alternative host was strongly suspected and a survey near fields where the disease had been prevalent led to the identification of P. maydis on Sorghum plumosum, a grass indigenous to northern Australia. All downy mildew outbreaks on maize and sweetcorn in northern Australia since 1970 have been in areas where S. plumosum occurs. It seems likely that P. maydis has been present in Australia for many years.  相似文献   

17.
为明确我国禁止进境的植物检疫性有害生物——玉蜀黍霜指霉菌Peronosclerospora maydis在中国的适生性以及入侵风险,采用CLIMEX 2.0软件分析其适生性,用ArcGIS 10.2软件确定其适生范围和适生程度,并采用多指标综合评判法量化分析其入侵我国的风险等级。结果表明,玉蜀黍霜指霉菌在我国的适生范围主要分布在长江以南的西南山地丘陵玉米种植区和南方丘陵玉米种植区,高适生区主要分布在云南、贵州、四川、重庆、广东、广西、湖南、江西、福建、海南和台湾等省 (区、市)。玉蜀黍霜指霉菌作为专性寄生菌,可在玉米整个生长季侵染危害,经多指标综合评判法分析并计算得到其风险综合评价值R为2.12,表明该病菌入侵我国的风险等级属高度危险,一旦入侵,势必对粮食安全、农业安全和生态安全带来巨大威胁,建议加强检疫监测,严防该病菌入侵。  相似文献   

18.
Abstract

The losses in yield due to sorghum downy mildew of maize induced by Peronoscleospora sorghi were assessed from 1982 to 1984 in the epidemic‐prone area of Nigeria. Plots of maize with different downy mildew incidences were obtained by planting seedlots containing different percentages of metalaxyl‐treated seeds. The losses in yield were directly proportional to the incidence of the disease. There was highly significant negative correlation between the incidence of downy mildew and grain yield.  相似文献   

19.
一种玉米新型细菌性褐腐病的病原鉴定   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
本研究从河北省武邑、献县、阜城和永年采集感病玉米植株。病株症状为叶梢枯死卷曲,叶脉产生黄色病斑,茎秆处黄褐色干腐。从发病植株中分离得到了10株疑似病原细菌菌株,经过回接验证和16SrDNA和gyrB基因的序列分析,结果表明,引起该病害的病原物为菠萝泛菌(Pantoea ananatis)和分散泛菌(Pantoea dispersa)。这是国内首次报道菠萝泛菌和分散泛菌引起玉米细菌性病害。  相似文献   

20.
葡萄霜霉病是危害葡萄的重要病害之一,该病害发生时会给葡萄生产造成严重的经济损失。本文综合分析了国内外对葡萄抗霜霉病机制研究的结果,认为葡萄对霜霉病抗性受多种因素影响,主要表现为生理生化物质、叶片形态结构及抗病遗传基因三个方面。由于各种因素对霜霉病病原菌作用关系复杂,目前对于葡萄抗霜霉病的决定性因子还没有明确结论。  相似文献   

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