The pitfalls of pitfalls: a comparison of pitfall trap catches and absolute density estimates of epigeal invertebrate predators in Arable Land

In an agroecosystem, catches of epigeal invertebrate predators obtained by pitfall traps were compared to absolute population densities estimated by ground photoeclectors in two different habitats, a field and an adjacent set-aside land. In general, abundance of Carabidae and Lycosidae were overestimated by pitfalls, while Staphylinidae and Linyphiidae were underestimated, and beetle larvae showed no obvious trend. The overestimation of Carabidae and Lycosidae by pitfalls had its maximum in spring and summer. Numbers collected by pitfalls did represent actual population densities better in the field than in the set-aside. This is probably caused by the higher vegetation diversity and complexity of the set-aside land which additionally influenced the catches. Pitfalls recovered higher numbers of animals and species, and species composition differed significantly between pitfalls and photoeclectors, in the field as well as in the set-aside. Body size seemed to be the main factor in determining the catch, the relatively larger species being more frequently caught by pitfall traps. In sum, the relationship between pitfall trap catches and actual population densities appeared to be either absent, weak or highly variable among taxa, habitat and time of the season. Thus numbers caught in pitfall traps cannot be considered as reliable indices of “real” abundance nor do they reflect the relative abundance within a given predator community correctly. Therefore, in most cases absolute density estimates should be preferred for the study of epigeal invertebrates in arable land. However, I suggest a combination of both pitfall traps and standardised area samples, because the two approaches possibly provide information of different qualities equally important for the evaluation of epigeal predator species, namely searching activity and population density.     

The pitfalls of pitfalls: a comparison of pitfall trap catches and absolute density estimates of epigeal invertebrate predators in Arable Land

In an agroecosystem, catches of epigeal invertebrate predators obtained by pitfall traps were compared to absolute population densities estimated by ground photoeclectors in two different habitats, a field and an adjacent set-aside land. In general, abundance of Carabidae and Lycosidae were overestimated by pitfalls, while Staphylinidae and Linyphiidae were underestimated, and beetle larvae showed no obvious trend. The overestimation of Carabidae and Lycosidae by pitfalls had its maximum in spring and summer. Numbers collected by pitfalls did represent actual population densities better in the field than in the set-aside. This is probably caused by the higher vegetation diversity and complexity of the set-aside land which additionally influenced the catches. Pitfalls recovered higher numbers of animals and species, and species composition differed significantly between pitfalls and photoeclectors, in the field as well as in the set-aside. Body size seemed to be the main factor in determining the catch, the relatively larger species being more frequently caught by pitfall traps. In sum, the relationship between pitfall trap catches and actual population densities appeared to be either absent, weak or highly variable among taxa, habitat and time of the season. Thus numbers caught in pitfall traps cannot be considered as reliable indices of “real” abundance nor do they reflect the relative abundance within a given predator community correctly. Therefore, in most cases absolute density estimates should be preferred for the study of epigeal invertebrates in arable land. However, I suggest a combination of both pitfall traps and standardised area samples, because the two approaches possibly provide information of different qualities equally important for the evaluation of epigeal predator species, namely searching activity and population density.     

Spatial variation in non-target effects of the insecticides chlorpyrifos,cypermethrin and pirimicarb on Collembola in winter wheat

Contiguous winter wheat fields of similar cropping history and soil type were used in a study of the responses of Collembola to summer sprays of cypermethrin and pirimicarb in southern England. Chlorpyrifos was included in the study as a toxic standard. Epigeic arthropods were captured by suction sampling and crop-inhabiting species obtained by dissecting wheat ears. Eight genera of Collembola responded significantly to the insecticide treatments. Collembolan abundance decreased after chlorpyrifos was applied but increased after use of cypermethrin. Negative effects of cypermethrin and pirimicarb on Collembola were not detected in this study. Effects of chlorpyrifos varied spatially as a result of faunal heterogeneity among the fields, despite apparent homogeneity of the site. Some species known to be susceptible to chlorpyrifos were absent from one or more of the fields. The implications of these findings for the interpretation of non-target pesticide effects and the potential use of Collembola as bioindicators in field studies with pesticides are discussed. © 1999 Society of Chemical Industry     

陷阱法调查转Bt棉对棉田地面蜘蛛群落的影响

为明确转Bt棉对非靶标节肢动物棉田蜘蛛群落的影响,在棉花全生长期利用陷阱法对转Bt棉(中棉29)和传统棉田(湘杂3号)蜘蛛的群落多样性及数量动态变化进行了系统调查。结果表明:共采集棉田蜘蛛5 020头,隶属13科33种,其中转Bt棉田2 548头,隶属12科27种,传统棉田2 472头,隶属12科27种;转Bt棉田和传统棉田均以狼蛛科Lycosidae、平腹蛛科Gnaphosidae和隐石蛛科Titanoecidae为优势科,优势科的优势种也均为沟渠豹蛛Pardosa laura、蛞平腹蛛Gnaphosa kompirensis和白斑隐石蛛Nurscia albofasciata,2种棉田在地面蜘蛛群落组成上除少部分稀有物种存在差异外,优势科及优势科的优势种均无显著差异;且3种优势种蜘蛛数量、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数以及物种丰富度均无显著差异;2种棉田地面蜘蛛数量动态变化也无显著差异,均有2个高峰期,分别在苗期和铃期。表明转Bt棉对棉田地面蜘蛛群落无显著影响。     

Spinosad and spinetoram disrupt the structure and the abundance of ground-dwelling arthropod communities in herbaceous fields

In the present study, the effects of spinosad, spinetoram and chlorpyrifos on ground-dwelling arthropod diversity and abundance were compared in a herbaceous field in order to evaluate their relative compatibility with conservation of arthropod densities. Ten different treatments of spinosad, spinetoram, and chlorpyrifos, which was used as a toxic reference, were allocated at random to experimental plots. A total of 101,119 individuals of epigeal arthropods belonging to 18 orders and suborders were captured in pitfall traps, with the most abundant taxa Hymenoptera, Collembola, Araneae, Acari, Coleoptera, Isopoda, Julida and Opiliones. The orders Araneae, Coleoptera, Collembola, Hymenoptera and Opiliones were identified to the family or species level. Gnaphosidae, Carabidae, Entomobryidae, Formicidae and Metaplatybunus grandissimus CL Koch (Phalangiidae) were the most abundant taxa of Araneae, Coleoptera, Collembola, Hymenoptera and Opiliones, respectively. Significant density reduction was observed for Gnaphosidae, Linyphiidae (Araneae), Carabidae, Entomobryidae, Formicidae and M. grandissimus after chlorpyrifos treatment. Formicidae individuals were significantly reduced after spinosad application, while the Entomobryidae and M. grandissimus individuals were reduced after the application of both spinosad and spinetoram. Our results showed no significant differences in diversity level of orders and suborders as well as of Araneae families between the spinetoram-treated plots at both concentrations tested and the control. In contrast, a significant difference in the diversity of Coleoptera was detected between the spinetoram treatments and the control. Our findings showed that spinosad and spinetoram may disrupt the structure and the abundance of surface-active arthropod fauna causing considerable changes in the ground-dwelling biodiversity of this ecosystem.     

Management of insecticide resistance in Oriental fruit moth (Grapholita molesta; Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) populations from Ontario

The development of resistance in the Oriental fruit moth, Grapholita molesta (Busck) to organophosphorus (OP) insecticides (azinphos-methyl and phosmet) is a serious threat to the tender fruit industry in Ontario (50% crop losses in 1994). Resistance to carbamate insecticides and increased survival of field-collected moths at diagnostic concentrations of pyrethroids were widespread. As a result, four different treatment regimes were tested to manage resistance in G molesta, and the changes in resistance frequencies under each treatment regime were monitored from 1996 to 1999. The data indicated that the levels of resistance were significantly influenced by the various treatment regimes. The seasonal pattern of resistance was similar for all treatment regimes, in that resistance peaked in mid-season and declined in the late season. Levels of resistance in G molesta to OPs decreased from 55% to 14% and that to pyrethroids declined from 30% to 10% from 1996 to 1999 under a treatment regime consisting of endosulfan-organophosphate-pyrethroid rotation. Similarly, under a treatment regime implemented in commercial orchards (organophosphate-pyrethroid rotation), resistance to OP insecticides declined from 50% to 12% and resistance to pyrethroids evolved to around 16%. The overall data indicated that resistance was unstable; a strategy based on rotation of insecticides by class for each generation of G molesta was successful in managing resistance to both OP and pyrethroid insecticides. The rotational strategy has been widely adopted by growers and is applied to ca 85% of the acreage.     

An economic comparison of pesticide application regimes for processing tomatoes

In a field experiment aimed at the management of pests, diseases and weeds in tomato agroecosystems using a recommended range of pesticide applications compared with lower chemical input systems, the economics of pesticide use on processing tomatoes in Ohio, USA, was evaluated in 1994 and 1995. The pesticide regimes used included: (i) full-spectrum recommended pesticide use, based on a comprehensive pesticide application schedule including insecticides (carbaryl, endosulfan and esfenvalerate), a fungicide (chlorothalonil) and herbicides (trifluralin and paraquat); (ii) insecticides only, based on applications of the same insecticides and doses used in (i); (iii) fungicides and herbicides only, based on applications of the same fungicides and herbicides used in (i); and (iv) control plots, which received no pesticide applications. All of the costs involved in applying pesticides (chemicals, machinery, labor) were recorded for all treatments for the economic analysis. Overall, the fungicide treatments resulted in higher yields than either the control or the insecticides-only regime, and the profits from the full-spectrum pesticide and fungicide & herbicide regimes were greater than those from the insecticide-only regime and controls in 1994. The yields and profits from all pesticide regimes were substantially less in 1995 than in 1994. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Dec. 17, 2002.     

Pesticide use,arthropod fauna and fruit damage in apple orchards in a Nordic climate

BACKGROUND

Integrated pest management (IPM) has a long history in fruit production and has become even more important with the implementation of the EU directive 2009/128/EC making IPM mandatory. In this study, we surveyed 30 apple orchards in Norway for 3 years (2016–2018) monitoring pest- and beneficial arthropods as well as evaluating fruit damage. We obtained growers’ diaries of pest management and used these data to study positive and negative correlations of pesticides with the different arthropod groups and damage due to pests.

RESULTS

IPM level had no significant effects on damage of harvested apples by arthropod pests. Furthermore, damage by arthropods was mainly caused by lepidopteran larvae, tortricids being especially important. The number of insecticide applications varied between 0 and 3 per year (mean 0.8), while acaricide applications varied between 0 and 1 per year (mean 0.06). Applications were often based on forecasts of important pest species such as the apple fruit moth (Argyresthia conjugella). Narrow-spectrum insecticides were commonly used against aphids and lepidopteran larvae, although broad-spectrum neonicotinoid (thiacloprid) insecticides were also applied. Anthocorid bugs and phytoseiid mites were the most abundant natural enemies in the studied orchards. However, we found large differences in abundance of various “beneficials” (e.g., lacewings, anthocorids, parasitic wasps) between eastern and western Norway. A low level of IPM negatively affected the abundance of spiders.

CONCLUSION

Lepidoptera was found to be the most important pest group in apple orchards. Insecticide use was overall low, but number of spray applications and use of broad-spectrum insecticides varied between growers and regions. IPM level did not predict the level of fruit damage by insects nor the abundance of important pests or most beneficial groups in an apple orchard. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.     

稻-棉邻作系统地表捕食性天敌群落多样性分析

为研究稻-棉邻作系统稻田和棉田地表捕食性天敌丰富度和多样性，采用陷阱诱捕法对邻作稻田-棉田地表的捕食性天敌进行了系统调查，应用群落特征参数等对陷阱诱集物种群落、物种丰富度和多样性指数进行了比较分析。结果表明：稻-棉邻作系统共诱集3纲11目33科8532头样本。其中，稻田陷阱收集到8目27科35种5878头个体，捕食性天敌物种丰富度、多样性指数和均匀度分别为1.8779、0.7297、0.2576；棉田陷阱收集到3纲9目28科35种2654头个体，捕食性天敌物种丰富度、多样性指数和均匀度分别为2.4771、0.8041、0.4149。稻-棉邻作系统捕食性天敌有3纲3目13科17种5971头，优势种为捕食性天敌狼蛛，泽蛙是次优势天敌功能团，捕食性的鞘翅目天敌瓢虫类、步甲等种类多样性丰富。     

几种农药对瓢虫的安全性评价

本文报道了用喷雾法测定的１１种杀虫剂对瓢虫成虫,幼虫的室内效,结果表明常用的有机磷杀虫剂对氧化乐果,甲基对硫磷,久效磷,辛硫磷对瓢虫的毒力最强,（其死亡率均在７０％以上）,氯氰菊酯,克螨特,抗蚜威的毒力居中,天然产物杀虫剂楝素,烟碱系列产品和烟碱．氯氰混剂的毒力产弱（其死亡率都小于５０％）供试药剂对瓢虫幼虫的毒力较成虫大。     

Comparison of catalytic properties and inhibition kinetics of two acetylcholinesterases from a lepidopteran insect

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is the primary target of organophosphate (OP) and carbamate (CB) insecticides. Many insect species have been shown to have two different AChE genes. The amino acid identity between the two lepidopteran AChEs is lower than 40%, and potential differences in enzymatic function have not been characterized. In this study, the cDNAs encoding two AChEs (Boma-AChE1 and Boma-AChE2) from Bombyx mandarina were sequenced, and the corresponding proteins were heterologously expressed to compare their enzymatic properties and interactions with insecticides in vitro. Both of these enzymes had high specific activities for acetylthiocholine iodide. Studies on substrate and inhibitor specificities confirmed that both enzymes belong to AChE. Insecticide inhibition assays indicated that Boma-AChE1 was more sensitive than Boma-AChE2 to eight of the nine insecticides tested. However, Boma-AChE2 was more sensitive than Boma-AChE1 to one of the OP insecticides, heptenophos. The results suggested that two AChEs from a lepidopteran insect have distinct catalytic properties and responses to different inhibitors.     

Simulation of insecticide influences on the population dynamics of the Colorado beetle

A weather-based simulation model of population development of Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Colorado beetle) has been extended to include the effects of insecticides. The dynamics of larvae (1st to 4th instar) and the resulting abundance of the adult summer generation has been simulated under the influence of insecticide applications. To describe the mortality caused by different insecticides on the stages of development of L. decemlineata, detailed experimental data are necessary. In this paper, preliminary experience to adapt the SIMLEP computer model to simulate insecticide action on L. decemlineata populations are published for the first time. These investigations aim at developing a more complete model which will be applicable to agricultural practice, not only to predict the dates of density maxima of the developmental stages of L. decemlineata, but also to estimate the need for and the required extent of insecticide applications, i.e. to guarantee optimum results from pesticide treatments.     

Role of oxidative stress in organophosphate insecticide toxicity - Short review

The objective of this paper is to present a short review of the state of knowledge regarding oxidative stress and its role in toxicity of organophosphate insecticides. The information has been obtained by searching the relevant literature using chemical abstracts, PubMed, scopus, medline and other data bases. The significance of the problem has been elucidated. Organophosphate insecticides (OP), apart from inhibition of cholinesterase and presence of cholinergic effects, oxidative stress and hyperglycemia has been reported by many authors as one of the adverse effects in poisoning by OP in both humans and animals. Oxidative stress induced by organophosphate leads to disturbances in the function of different organs and tissues. In subchronic or chronic OP exposition induction of oxidative stress has been reported, by many authors, as the main mechanism of its toxicity. Data were categorized according to animal studies (in vitro and in vivo) and clinical studies. On the basis of relevant literature it is concluded, that determination of oxidative stress parameters can be useful for monitoring people exposed to OP professionally. Supplementation with natural or synthetic antioxidant may be beneficial in OP poisoning, however the rat models of OP poisoning used in those studies do not completely reflect clinical situation. For this reason the clinical trials are needed to explore effectiveness of these antioxidants in protection against toxicity of OP.     

华北大黑鳃金龟成虫周年发生动态及影响因素分析

华北大黑鳃金龟[Holotrichia oblita(Faldermann)]是一种为害多种作物的重要地下害虫,为了解其近年的发生动态以便针对性防治,于2010-2013年对其成虫出土规律进行了周年系统研究,并对其发生期和发生量影响因素进行了初步分析。结果表明,2010-2013年华北大黑鳃金龟的出土盛期仍在5月份,与文献相比总体一致,但出土期略滞后并且时间有所延长;而2013年始发期明显晚于其他年份,对其气象因素分析发现,2013年春季干旱,首次降雨在5月26日,明显晚于其他年份,其始发期也较其他年份偏晚,说明土壤湿度可能影响成虫出土始期。出土盛期成虫出土量与气象因素的灰色关联度分析表明,成虫日出土量与平均相对湿度关联最密切,其次是日均温和降雨量。研究结果为华北大黑鳃金龟的预测预报以及针对性防治提供了基础。     

Resistance management strategies in malaria vector mosquito control. A large-scale field trial in Southern Mexico

A resistance management programme comparing rotations, mosaics and single use of insecticides for residual house-spraying against the insect vectors of malaria is being carried out in Southern Mexico. The area was chosen because of its prior history of insecticide use, relatively sedentary vector, and physical features of the area which limit inward migration of insects to the study area. A high level of resistance to DDT and low levels of organophosphorus (OP), carbamate and pyrethroid resistance were detected by WHO discriminating-dose assays in field populations of Anopheles albimanus in the pre-spray period in the region where this resistance management project is being undertaken. After the first year of spraying, resistance, as measured by a discriminating-dose assay, was still at a high level for DDT and had risen for all the other insecticides. Biochemical assays showed that DDT resistance was primarily caused by elevated levels of glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity leading to increased rates of metabolism of DDT to DDE. The numbers of individuals with elevated GST and DDT resistance were well correlated, suggesting that this is the only major DDT resistance mechanism in this population. The carbamate resistance in this population was conferred by an altered acetylcholinesterase (AChE) mechanism. The level of resistance in bioassays correlated well with the frequency of individuals homozygous for the altered AChE allele. This suggests that the level of resistance conferred by this mechanism in its heterozygous state is below the level of detection of the bioassay. The low levels of OP and pyrethroid resistance could be conferred by either the elevated esterase or monooxygenase enzymes. The esterases, however, are elevated only with p-nitrophenyl acetate (PNPA), and are unlikely to be causing broad-spectrum OP resistance. The altered AChE mechanism may also be contributing to the OP but not the pyrethroid resistance. There were significant differences in some resistance gene frequencies for insects obtained by different indoor and outdoor trapping methods. To determine whether the different sampling methods were effectively sampling the same interbreeding population, RAPD analysis of insects obtained by different collection methods in different villages was undertaken. There was no observed variability in the RAPD patterns for the different mosquito samples with a number of primers. ©1997 SCI     

几种常用杀虫剂对瓜蚜的毒力和对乙酰胆碱酯酶的抑制作用

用叶片药膜法测定了4种常用杀虫剂氧乐果、辛硫磷、三唑磷、吡虫啉对呼和浩特市郊蔬菜基地温室黄瓜上发生的瓜蚜的毒力。结果表明,瓜蚜对吡虫啉最敏感,LC50 仅为4.203 mg/L,氧乐果、辛硫磷、三唑磷对瓜蚜的LC50分别为21.70、38.86、43.30 mg/L。研究明确了3种有机磷杀虫剂对瓜蚜体内乙酰胆碱酯酶AChE均有明显的抑制作用,并随着抑制时间的延长,抑制率增加。I50值分别为氧乐果9.6×10-6mol/L,辛硫磷11.4×10-6mol/L,三唑磷17.1×10-6mol/L。     

深圳郊区寄生小菜蛾的赤眼蜂种类及消长动态

在深圳郊区龙岗示范生态农场,寄生于小菜蛾的赤眼蜂为拟澳洲赤眼蜂Trichogramma confusum和赤眼蜂一新种Trichogramma sp.,其中拟澳洲赤眼蜂稍占优势。其寄生率受季节和化学农药的影响,全年中以秋季为最高,在收获期的菜芯地可高达30—35％;夏季降雨是寄生率低于5％的主要原因;在经常施用化学农药的菜地,寄生率始终维持在10％以下。小菜蛾卵不孵率随寄生率增加而升高,使小菜蛾卵总死亡率增加。     

Long-term effects of an insecticide application on non-target arthropods in winter wheat - a field study over 2 seasons

The effects of the insecticide lambda-cyhalothrin (Karate) on non-target arthropods in winter wheat were studied throughout two successive seasons in 1998 and 1999. The study particularly focussed on the crop in the growing season after insecticide application (also winter wheat) for detection of potential long-term effects and for determination of the suitability of different sampling methods.The investigations were based on the assumption that arthropod immigration from surrounding areas is limited in large fields. For this reason a simple approach seemed to be feasible. Two plots of equal size (10 ha, adjusted to each other) were defined in a 100 ha field and designated control and treatment plots. Ten sampling points were established on each plot. The following monitoring methods were utilised: visual counting, sweep netting and pitfall trapping. In the first year of investigation, countings and catches were carried out 2 days prior to insecticide application and 2, 16, 30 and 44 days after application. In the next year, they were carried out 365 days and 384 days after insecticide application in the successive crop of winter wheat.At the time of the first sampling prior to insecticide application, the two plots showed significant differences with respect to arthropod density or activity, particularly in visual counting and to a minor degree to sweep netting and pitfall trapping. Lower densities or activities were observed in the plot reserved for treatment. Measures for mathematical equalisation of the results of population densities before pesticide treatment should be considered.After insecticide application, the densities or activities of non-target arthropods decreased, particularly in visual counting and sweep netting. After one year, these effects disappeared to a large extent. Several groups of arthropods reached even higher levels in the treated plot than in the untreated one. The pitfall traps revealed weak activity-decreasing effects in carabids and spiders in the treated plot, but the opposite tendency for staphylinids. Hence, it seems that the conditions in a large field are less homogeneous, and that smaller scale conditions can support processes of recovery in non-target populations.     

Long-term effects of an insecticide application on non-target arthropods in winter wheat - a field study over 2 seasons

The effects of the insecticide lambda-cyhalothrin (Karate) on non-target arthropods in winter wheat were studied throughout two successive seasons in 1998 and 1999. The study particularly focussed on the crop in the growing season after insecticide application (also winter wheat) for detection of potential long-term effects and for determination of the suitability of different sampling methods.The investigations were based on the assumption that arthropod immigration from surrounding areas is limited in large fields. For this reason a simple approach seemed to be feasible. Two plots of equal size (10 ha, adjusted to each other) were defined in a 100 ha field and designated control and treatment plots. Ten sampling points were established on each plot. The following monitoring methods were utilised: visual counting, sweep netting and pitfall trapping. In the first year of investigation, countings and catches were carried out 2 days prior to insecticide application and 2, 16, 30 and 44 days after application. In the next year, they were carried out 365 days and 384 days after insecticide application in the successive crop of winter wheat.At the time of the first sampling prior to insecticide application, the two plots showed significant differences with respect to arthropod density or activity, particularly in visual counting and to a minor degree to sweep netting and pitfall trapping. Lower densities or activities were observed in the plot reserved for treatment. Measures for mathematical equalisation of the results of population densities before pesticide treatment should be considered.After insecticide application, the densities or activities of non-target arthropods decreased, particularly in visual counting and sweep netting. After one year, these effects disappeared to a large extent. Several groups of arthropods reached even higher levels in the treated plot than in the untreated one. The pitfall traps revealed weak activity-decreasing effects in carabids and spiders in the treated plot, but the opposite tendency for staphylinids. Hence, it seems that the conditions in a large field are less homogeneous, and that smaller scale conditions can support processes of recovery in non-target populations.     

转cry1Ie基因抗虫玉米对田间节肢动物群落多样性的影响

为评价转cry1Ie基因（IE09S034转化体）抗虫玉米对田间节肢动物群落的影响,采用直接观察、地面陷阱、吸虫器和空中水盆诱捕4种方法,连续2年调查了转cry1Ie基因抗虫玉米田和非转基因对照玉米田在自然条件下的节肢动物物种数和个体数,比较分析了节肢动物群落各特征参数。结果显示,2012年依次采用此4种方法调查转cry1Ie基因抗虫玉米与非转基因对照玉米田间的节肢动物群落物种数、Simpson优势集中性指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数分别为29.1、0.7、2.6、0.5,12.6、0.6、2.2、0.6,13.7、0.9、3.1、0.9和6.7、0.4、1.3、0.5,各参数之间均无显著差异。2013年调查结果与2012年一致,也显示2种玉米田的节肢动物群落各特征参数之间均无显著差异。表明转cry1Ie抗虫玉米对田间节肢动物群落多样性无显著影响。