河南黄淮麦茬稻区适宜旱稻品种 及鉴定指标的筛选

为筛选适合河南黄淮麦茬稻区种植的优良旱稻品种,建立适宜的旱稻鉴定评价体系,利用河南地区主要推广的23个水、旱稻为材料,于旱棚内旱直播种植,在孕穗期和成熟期对植株形态、生理生化性状和单株产量进行测定和分析。结果表明,水分胁迫条件下,高产品种的平均单株产量、分蘖数、株高、地上部鲜重和根基粗分别是低产品种的2.46、1.78、1.17、1.57和1.18倍,分蘖数、株高、地上部鲜重和根基粗与旱田单株产量呈显著正相关。旱田产量和分蘖数可以作为河南黄淮麦茬旱稻的评价指标,株高、地上部鲜重和根基粗可以作为辅助指标。初步筛选洛稻998、徐旱702、原旱稻3号和郑旱2号为适宜推广的高产抗旱品种。     

湖北省优质晚稻新品种对比示范技术总结

为筛选出适宜同生态地区种植的优质、高产的晚稻品种,加快良种快速推广,促进湖北"虾稻"稻米品质提升和优质稻米产业发展,通过对桃优粤农丝苗、晶泰优粤农丝苗、泰优398、鄂香2号四个优质晚稻品种的同田对比示范,结果表明,参试品种的生育期适宜,植株农艺性状、丰产性及综合抗性好,均适宜本地区作双季晚稻种植,并针对品种的优缺点提出了相应的栽培技术要点。     

陕北风沙草滩区不同饲料桑引种研究

为了筛选适宜陕北风沙草滩区种植的饲料桑品种,试验初步选择6个国内饲料桑品种,通过观测同一生长阶段的成活率、茎粗、株高、冠幅、枝条数、产量、茎叶比及营养品质等指标性状,结合灰色关联度分析与隶属函数分析,对农艺性状和营养品质两大指标进行综合评价。结果表明：从农艺指标综合评价指数D值的排名来看：丰驰2号>鲁杂1号>秦饲1号>冀桑3号>育71-1>浙杂1号,说明丰驰2号和鲁杂1号生长适应性强;从营养品质指标综合评价指数E值的排名来看：丰驰2号>秦饲1号>鲁杂1号>冀桑3号>浙杂1号>育71-1,说明丰驰2号和秦饲1号品质较好,鲁杂1号次之。运用灰色关联度对参试品种的农艺性状、产量指标与营养品质进行综合评价,得出丰驰2号和鲁杂1号在灰色关联度分析中加权关联度值均>0.6,且在隶属函数分析中综合评价(D、E)值均>0.5,说明丰驰2号和鲁杂1号与理想品种关联系数最大,在文中试验区综合性能表现较好,可作为陕北地区饲料桑引种栽培的优选品种,适宜在陕北风沙草滩区推广种植。     

8个紫花苜蓿品种在柴达木旱区的生产性能综合评价

为筛选出适宜青海省柴达木旱区种植的紫花苜蓿品种,于2020—2022年对引进的8个紫花苜蓿品种进行生产性能评比试验,并采用隶属函数法综合评价适合柴达木旱区种植的优质紫花苜蓿品种。两年试验结果表明：(1)在2021年,东苜2号的干草产量最高,为11 373.44 kg·hm^-2;在2022年,龙牧803的干草产量最高,为13 485.54 kg·hm^-2;(2)5909在两年的粗蛋白含量和相对饲喂价值均最高,分别为14.71%和126.01、14.07%和128.01,而酸性洗涤纤维含量均最低,分别为38.67%和36.90%;东苜2号两年的中性洗涤纤维含量均最低,分别为53.68%和51.35%;(3)基于隶属函数法对各紫花苜蓿品种生产性能的综合评价,东苜2号、龙牧803和5909综合性状表现较好,在柴达木干旱区适应性强、饲草产量及品质最优,建议在本地优先推广种植。     

基于GIS的陕北农作物适宜性精细化评价及布局研究

研究农作物布局可为区域农业发展提供科学依据,对促进乡村振兴和区域高质量发展具有重要意义。以陕北地区为研究区域,以谷子、马铃薯、苹果3种农作物为研究对象,选取8个主要的水土光热条件因子,基于层次分析法构建了主要农作物水土光热条件适宜性评价体系,建立了作物综合适宜度评价模型,计算了500 m×500 m单元的适宜度及空间分布,采用自然断点法研究了3种作物的空间精准布局。结果表明：3种作物的适宜度均在0.78以上,均值表现为谷子>苹果>马铃薯。谷子适宜度从东南向西北递减,最适宜区在东南沿黄地区;马铃薯适宜度从西南向东北递减,最适宜区域主要分布在山区;苹果适宜度从北向南升高,最适宜区域主要在东南部地区。西部白于山区和东南部黄龙山区海拔较高的地区宜种植马铃薯和苹果,东部沿黄地区宜种植谷子和苹果。在精细化布局中,谷子主要位于东部的大部分县区和南部的北洛河流域,马铃薯主要位于西部以及北部地区的河流周围,苹果主要分布在南部山区以及中部和北部的部分县区。     

部分马铃薯主栽品种对晚疫病的田间抗性研究

为摸清贵州省低海拔地区主栽马铃薯品种对晚疫病的抗性情况,2012年对贵州省13个主栽马铃薯品种进行晚疫病抗性鉴定试验。结果表明：Z-30、BP05-003（产量在25500kg／hm2以上）对晚疫病表现为中感,为早、中熟品种,适宜在低海拔发病不重的区域推广;滇黔芋2号、米拉（产量在13500kg／hm2以上）对晚疫病表现为感病,如在晚疫病常发区、重发区种植,生产上应加大防治力度;BPHFl01、20-4．5、威薯002为中感及感病品种,产量一般,为晚熟品种,适宜在高海拔地区种植,需要加强晚疫病防治并配套高产栽培技术。     

黄土高原作物生长模型DSSAT3数据库组建

介绍了DSSAT3模型的结构与功能，组建了黄土高原地区DSSAT3模型气象、土壤和作物品种参数数据库，包含了28个气象台站逐日气象资料数据、60种主要农耕土壤土种特性数据和7个作物136个品种的遗传特性数据，覆盖了黄土高原不同生态类型区。还特别介绍了CERES-小麦和CERES-玉米模型品种遗传特性参数的确定方法与取值范围，为DSSAT3模型在黄土高原地区应用奠定了基础。     

内蒙古兴安盟农作物品种布局业务系统开发

以小网格气候资源推算模型和各地的地理参数为基础,计算出各地的水热气候资源,针对当地不同生产力水平、不同地形条件下的玉米、水稻、大豆、优质牧草、速生林等农牧林作物布局情况,确定适宜种植指标和搭配种植指标.通过细化的各地水热气候资源与各种作物所需积温和生长期相匹配指标,给出任意地区的适宜种植品种和搭配种植品种,也可给出任意品种的适宜、次适宜和不适宜种植地区,并通过编程开发出兴安盟农作物品贩种布局业务系统.系统采用VB6.0语言编程,通过友好的界面,实现各种查询及服务功能,对当地合理布局农作物品种有较好指导作用.     

油菜移栽过程中除草剂药害形成原因及防范技术

1 油菜栽培概况 江苏省海门市是长江中下游地区油菜主产区,常年种植面积超过2万hm<'2>,主栽油菜品种有秦油7号、华油杂6号和史力丰等,近年来前两种双低油菜栽培面积逐年增加.栽培模式主要为育苗移栽油菜.从茬口安排布局上看,海门地区主要为秋冬季旱茬油菜和少量的稻茬油菜.     

沈阳地区旱作春小麦下茬复种模式的研究

通过对上茬春小麦进行品种产量比较,下茬复种不同品种鲜食玉米、萝卜、白菜,从中确定能够充分利用沈阳地区的农业气候资源的高产优质高效种植模式的复种作物品种组合。试验结果表明,春小麦品种辽春9号和沈春498较抗旱,产量突出;鲜食玉米品种富粘1号和垦粘1号较好,熟期适宜,成熟性好;白菜品种秋冠和世秋产量表现好;萝卜品种白秋美浓、春雷和红丰2号产量较高,有种植前景。     

金溪县葡萄生长气象条件分析及高产优质对策

光照、温度、降水是影响葡萄生长发育的3个主要气象因素。金溪县合市镇葡萄是1999年从浙江省金华市引进的,根据气候相似原理,通过对比浙江金华市、江西金溪县葡萄生长发育期气候差异,趋利避害,选择优良葡萄品种,根据近5年影响金溪县葡萄生长的主要气候因素,分析如何减缓和预防气候对葡萄生长的不利影响,以期提高葡萄的品质和产量。     

Effect of growth stages of chickpea on the genetic resistance of Ascochyta blight

Ascochyta blight (AB, Ascochyta rabiei (Pass.) Lab.) is one of the most important foliar disease of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), globally. Chickpea is attacked by AB at any growth stage in cool and humid weather depending on the inoculum availability. However, the disease epidemics are most prominent during the flowering and podding growth stages. The main objective of this study was to determine the effect of growth stages of chickpea on the genetic resistance of AB and use this information in a resistance breeding program. Two susceptible and two moderately resistant chickpea cultivars were spray inoculated at seedling (GS1), post-seedling (GS2), vegetative (GS3), flowering (GS4) and podding (GS5) growth stages with A. rabiei conidial suspension under controlled environment conditions. Irrespective of crop cultivars the incubation period (IP) was shorter in GS1, GS4 and GS5 and was significantly extended in GS2 and GS3. Symptom development was delayed significantly in moderately resistant cultivars. The AB severity 10 days after inoculation ranged between 7 and 9 on susceptible cultivars and 3 and 5 on moderately resistant cultivars. Further the correlation coefficient of disease severity between GS1, GS4 and GS5 was highly significant (r = 0.95) indicating that, evaluation for resistance to AB can be done at GS 1 (seedling stage), and or GS4 (flowering stage) to GS5 (podding stage) growth stages of chickpea. This supports the evaluation for AB resistance using 10-day-old-seedlings in controlled environment at ICRISAT and adult plant field screening at hot-spot locations in Dhaulakuan and Ludhiana in India.     

Susceptibility of winter wheat cultivars to wheat ear insects in Central Germany

The intensity of thrips and wheat blossom midges (WBM) infestations in twelve wheat cultivars was evaluated at the Plant Breeding Station, Silstedt, central Germany in 2008 & 2009 growing crop seasons. The research aimed at selecting the least infested cultivar to be profitably used in the forthcoming cultivation. Infestation levels were studied in flowering and milky stages (GS 65 and 73) of each cultivar in every single-spikelet in sample of 10 ears in both years. There were significant differences in thrips and (WBM) densities among different cultivars in both years. Thrips numbers were the highest in T??rkis, Global and Esket cultivars, while the lowest values were recorded in Robigus, Brompton and Carenius. The results showed that the highest WBM infestation was observed in T??rkis, Tommi and Potenzial; on the other hand the lowest WBM infestation was found in some insect resistant cultivars (Brompton, Skalmeje, Robigus, Welford and Glasgow). The infested ears were positively correlated with the numbers of WBM among cultivars. The obtained results would give a good guide for choosing the proper cultivars which proved highly resistant to their specific pests.     

20份美国冬小麦品种的遗传多样性分析

为了解从美国引进的20个冬小麦品种的遗传差异及其遗传丰富度,提高其作为小麦种质资源的有效利用率,选择了具有多态性的24对SSR标记进行检测。结果表明:48条引物在20个冬小麦品种中检测到153条差异带,每对引物多态性位点2~13个,平均6.37个,可以清楚地将供试品种分开;20个材料的遗传相似系数为0.62~0.84,平均遗传相似系数为0.72,供试品种的遗传基础有一定的差异性,其中相似系数最高的是1R2与1R24,为0.84。聚类分析在相似系数0.68处将20个品种聚为四类。     

Spatial integration of oasis city group around the western margins of the Tarim Basin

In this paper,the oasis cities in Kashgar Prefecture and Kizilsu Kirgiz Autonomous Prefecture are taken as an example,through the factor analysis,spatial attraction interaction model and location quotient methods,urban hierarchy system,the intensity of urban economic ties,economic subordination degree,and structure of city functions were analyzed. The results indicated:(1) The urban hierarchy system takes Kashgar city as the main center,Artux city,Yarkant county and Maralbexi county as the sub-centers; (2) The intensity of economic ties among Kashgar city and each county is much higher than others. The interaction of Kashgar city,Shufu county and Shule county are the strongest,and the economic ties of Yarkant,Kagilik,Poskam counties are relatively close; All cities in the study area are economically subordinate to Kashgar city. (3) Three cities of Kashgar city,Shufu county and Shule county should connect strongly,with Kashgar city as the core. The cities and towns along the Southern Xinjiang Railway and along National Road 315 should be regarded as two strips,and the two city strips along the border,and the city strip along Provincial Road 215 should be treated as three axes. The ring structure strategy of "core ring,closer ring and radiated ring" was proposed. (4) It was proposed to build Kashgar city group in the north,and Yarkant city group in the south,Maralbexi city group in the southeast,and Taxkorgan border city group with four inner groups’ development strategy.     

用生物间遗传学研究水稻品种和稻瘟病菌之间的相互关系

在温室中,将供试的13个水稻品种和7个鉴别品种的幼苗用稻瘟病菌的11个菌株分别进行接种,以同等条件下鉴别品种对菌株的反应所确定的小种,作为供试品种对该小种的反应,然后应用生物间遗传学的原理和方法来推导品种和菌株的基因型。结果表明:供试的水稻品种和稻瘟病菌株(或小种)间存在17个限定性相应基因对,不同品种所含的抗病性基因数有所不同,其作用是在相应的无毒性菌株(或小种)存在情况下而表现出品种的抗病性基因愈多,可能表现的抗病力愈强。本研究结果为水稻抗稻瘟病育种选择抗原亲本以及生产上选用具有较多抗病基因的品种进行合理布局,提供了有重要参考价值的遗传学信息和依据。     

Quantitative disease resistance assessment by real-time PCR using the Stagonospora nodorum-wheat pathosystem as a model

Measuring disease resistance accurately and reproducibly is a key requirement for the introgression of partial resistance genes into breeding lines. Here, a qPCR protocol is used to measure fungal biomass, using the wheat- Stagonospora nodorum pathosystem as a model. Seven cultivars of differing reported resistance levels were used. Fungal biomass taken at 220°C thermal days after inoculation accurately predicts the final grain weight loss. It is concluded that a test based on qPCR methods is specific, quantitative, rapid and objective. Such tests could provide useful and economic tools in the development of robustly resistant crop cultivars.     

福建省部分马铃薯产区晚疫病菌群体结构研究

为明确福建省部分马铃薯产区晚疫病菌群体结构,2017年-2019年在龙海市、福安市、霞浦县共分离获得96株马铃薯晚疫病菌。采用对峙培养法、鉴别寄主法和PCR-RFLP法对这些菌株的交配型、生理小种及线粒体DNA (mtDNA)单倍型进行分析。交配型测定结果显示,除了福建省福安市有5株(5.21%)为A1交配型外,其余91株(94.79%)均为自育型,未发现A2交配型及A1A2型菌株。从96个菌株中检测出16个生理小种类型,龙海市和福安市的优势生理小种均是可克服11个显性抗病单基因的1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11,霞浦县的优势生理小种为1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.10。供试菌株均至少含有6个毒性基因。mtDNA单倍型共检测出3种类型,其中55个菌株(龙海市22株、福安市8株、霞浦县25株)为Ⅰa型,占57.29%,32个菌株(龙海市2株、福安市25株、霞浦县5株)为Ⅱa型,占33.33%,9个菌株(福安市7株、霞浦县2株)为Ⅱb型,占9.37%。研究结果表明,福建省马铃薯晚疫病菌群体遗传多样性日趋复杂。     

黄淮海地区夏玉米灰斑病病原菌鉴定及主栽品种抗性分析

 为明确黄淮海夏玉米区玉米灰斑病的病原菌种类,于2017年从河北、河南、山东、安徽、天津五省市疑似发生玉米灰斑病的76个市县采集样本,采用组织分离法和显微单孢分离法获得病原菌,通过形态与分子生物学手段进行病原菌种类鉴定,并对黄淮海地区、陕西、辽宁、黑龙江的37个菌株进行ISSR聚类分析。结果表明,引起黄淮海地区玉米灰斑病的病原菌为玉蜀黍尾孢(Cercospora zeae-maydis),玉蜀黍尾孢的变异具有地理种群特征。同时对黄淮海夏玉米区主栽品种进行人工接种鉴定,结果显示6个主栽品种中郑单958、登海605、先玉335、浚单20等4个品种对玉米灰斑病抗性较差,玉米灰斑病在本区域具有大面积发生和流行的风险。本研究为黄淮海夏玉米区灰斑病的综合防控提供支撑和理论依据。