长芒苋实时荧光PCR鉴定方法

根据长芒苋和苋属其他物种的一个2 bp ITS序列差异设计特异引物和探针,建立了长芒苋的TaqMan实时荧光PCR鉴定方法.应用该方法测试了82个样品,包括23个不同来源的长芒苋样品、57个其他10种苋属样品,以及2个与长芒苋种子形态近似的鸡冠花、藜样品.试验结果表明,所有供试的长芒苋样品均表现为阳性扩增,非长芒苋和空...     

植原体TaqMan探针实时荧光PCR检测鉴定方法的建立

 本研究成功建立了植原体分类鉴定和检测的TaqMan探针实时荧光PCR方法,该方法根据植原体16S rDNA保守区设计了1个TaqMan广谱探针和3个植原体组间点突变特异性探针,并对9种植原体和5种细菌以及3个植物样本进行实时荧光PCR。结果表明,用广谱探针可检测到所有植原体产生荧光信号,而细菌不产生荧光信号。当用植原体组间特异性探针检测时,仅能检测到该组植原体产生荧光信号,检测的敏感性比常规的PCR-电泳检测高约100倍、检测速度有较大提高。由于PCR产物是荧光探针检测,本方法特异性强,并可以用组特异探针直接确定植原体种类。实验采用完全闭管检测,降低了污染机会。本研究为其它原核生物、特别是不能培养菌、难培养菌的检测鉴定和分类提供了新方法。     

SYBR Green实时荧光PCR快速鉴定辣椒实蝇

本文应用SYBRGreen实时荧光PCR技术,建立了SYBRGreen实时荧光PCR快速鉴定辣椒实蝇的方法。利用辣椒实蝇mtDNACOI基因序列,筛选出种特异引物lati1/lati2。引物的特异性分别用辣椒实蝇、橘小实蝇、木瓜实蝇、杨桃实蝇、菲律宾实蝇、芒果实蝇、番石榴实蝇、瓜实蝇和南瓜实蝇等9种果实蝇来验证。0.01ng,0.1ng,1ng,10ng,20ng,40ng和100ng等7个不同浓度系列的辣椒实蝇DNA模板用来检测SYBRGreenPCR实时荧光反应的灵敏度,结果表明,SYBRGreenPCR的检测限度达1pg以下,最适模板DNA浓度为1～20ng。成虫、幼虫和蛹等3种不同虫态的辣椒实蝇有一致的扩增曲线,熔解曲线分析和琼脂糖凝胶电泳分别用来确认实时荧光PCR产物的特异性。其平均熔解温度为77.5℃±0.1℃。获得1段长为366bp的特异性目标片段,说明在辣椒实蝇成虫为模板基础上建立的SYBRGreen实时荧光PCR方法适于幼虫、蛹的快速鉴定。     

旋毛虫实时荧光PCR检测方法的建立与应用研究

根据旋毛虫隔离种线粒体Ls-rRNA基因序列,设计一对特异性引物及TaqMan MGB探针.以Ls-rRNA阳性重组质粒为模板,建立了旋毛虫实时荧光PCR检测方法.该检测方法对各旋毛虫隔离种具有良好的特异性,而对小鼠、狗和猪正常肌肉组织、猪鞭虫、猪蛔虫、猪钩虫、犬蛔虫等无交叉反应.最小检出量为1.32×102拷贝(10-5条旋毛虫),建立的标准曲线拟合良好,扩增方程Y=-3.43X+19.70,相关系数R2=0.9984,扩增效率为95%.平行检测组内变异系数为1.11%(n=20),同一组不同浓度梯度样本(n=9)间隔30d重复检测,结果无显著性差异.人工感染不同剂量猪旋毛虫的小鼠,在攻虫14d后检出率100%.对经压片镜检、人工胃液消化、胶体金试纸条检测结果为阴性的63份送检狗肉样本中敏感地检出8个阳性.     

油棕猝倒病菌实时荧光PCR检测方法

油棕猝倒病菌(Pythiums plendens)是我国进境植物检疫性有害生物。本试验根据P.splendens rDNA ITS区序列,设计了实时荧光PCR引物pyspF/pyspR及荧光探针pyspT,建立了P.splendens荧光PCR检测方法,检测灵敏度为0.012pg/μL。     

玉米细菌性枯萎病菌TaqMan探针实时荧光PCR检测方法的建立

成功建立了玉米细菌性枯萎病菌快速检测鉴定的实时荧光PCR方法.该方法根据细菌16S rDNA序列的特异性,设计出对玉米细菌性枯萎病菌具有稳定性点突变特异性探针,并对10种细菌菌株和5种植原体进行了实时荧光PCR.结果表明,只有玉米细菌性枯萎病菌产生荧光信号,而其它参考菌不产生荧光信号,检测的绝对灵敏度是14.2 fg/μl质粒DNA,比常规的PCR电泳检测高约100倍.整个检测过程只需2h,完全闭管,降低了污染的机会,无须PCR后处理.     

牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒实时荧光PCR检测方法的建立

[目的]针对牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒建立快速、准确而敏感的分子生物学检测方法,为进出口牛及其遗传物质的IBR检疫把关提供新的技术手段.[方法]采用新型实时荧光PCR技术原理,自行设计荧光标记引物建立检测方法,对不同牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒样品进行敏感性、特异性等检测试验,并与常规PCR检测方法进行比较.[结果]该方法能特异检测I BR病毒,检测时间包括核酸样品制备仅需2h,敏感性比常规PCR检测方法提高达103-104.[结论]本方法适用于在牛及其遗传物质的进出口检疫中进行牛传染性鼻气管炎快速病原鉴定.     

苜蓿黄萎病菌实时荧光PCR检测方法

苜蓿黄萎病菌(Verticillium albo-atrum)能够危害多种重要的农艺和园艺作物,是我国重要检疫性有害生物。本研究根据V.albo-atrum的ITS基因序列,结合张正光设计的引物Vaa-1和Vaa-2,设计一条TaqMan探针Vaa-probe,研究实时荧光PCR的检测方法,以更加快速、灵敏的检测出V.albo-atrum。利用该方法可检测到含V.albo-atrumDNA浓度0.0005 ng/μL以上的样品,大大提高了检测的灵敏度。     

小麦叶疫病菌实时荧光PCR检测方法的建立

为了快速准确地鉴定小麦叶疫病菌（Alternaria triticina）,根据小麦叶疫病菌基因组序列中保守区域设计特异引物AT-F6/AT-R5和探针AT-P5,建立小麦叶疫病菌实时荧光PCR检测方法。引物AT-F6/AT-R5和探针AT-P5能特异性地扩增阳性小麦叶疫病菌DNA,其他供试菌株均不能扩增。建立的实时荧光PCR检测方法检测灵敏度可达600 fg菌体DNA。该方法可以有效快速地对小麦叶疫病菌进行检测,为口岸进境麦类产品中病菌检测和疫情监测提供技术支撑。     

TaqMan探针实时荧光定量PCR快速鉴定欧洲樱桃绕实蝇

为建立快速、灵敏检测欧洲樱桃绕实蝇的实时荧光定量PCR方法,本研究利用欧洲樱桃绕实蝇及其近似种类的线粒体DNA(mtDNA)中COI基因序列差异,设计筛选特异性引物和探针OYF/OYR/OYP,并对引物及探针特异性和灵敏性进行检测。结果表明,设计的引物和探针能够特异性检测出欧洲樱桃绕实蝇,灵敏度为0.001 ng/μL。     

二重荧光定量PCR检测转基因大豆DAS81419

本文针对大豆内源基因Lectin和转基因大豆DAS81419品系的5′端插入位点序列,设计特异性引物及探针,建立了同时检测转基因大豆DAS81419品系和大豆内源基因Lectin的二重荧光定量PCR方法,运用15种转基因大豆、3种转基因玉米、1种转基因油菜、1种转基因水稻和非转基因大豆对该方法进行了特异性评价,并分析了该方法的灵敏度和稳定性。结果显示,该方法能准确从20种转基因样品和1种非转基因样品中检出靶目标,检测结果与待检样品信息一致,表明本方法具有良好的特异性;灵敏度高达0.01%;并具有良好的重复性。该方法特异性强、灵敏度高、稳定性强,适用于各口岸实验室进行转基因大豆DAS81419的快速、准确的检测。     

Improved fireblight diagnostics using quantitative real-time PCR detection of Erwinia amylovora chromosomal DNA

Specific and sensitive TaqMan real-time PCR assays were developed targeting chromosomal DNA of Erwinia amylovora ( ams C gene and ITS region). These assays increased the reliability of detection of E. amylovora strains, regardless of their plasmid profile, and have the ability to differentiate between Erwinia spp. strains from Hokkaido, Erwinia pyrifoliae and Erwinia spp. isolated from necrotic pear blossoms in Spain. The assays were used for testing the efficiency of three different extraction methods to remove plant-based PCR inhibitors. Combined with an automated DNA-extraction method based on magnetic beads (QuickPick™), the real-time PCR assays reliably detected at least 10³ cells mL^−l ( c. four cells per reaction) of the pathogen from blighted woody plant material. In testing of symptomless samples, absolute quantification of E. amylovora before and after enrichment in liquid media provided proof of E. amylovora viability and its ability to multiply, including in cases when subsequent isolation in pure culture was unsuccessful.     

TaqMan-MGB探针在小麦印度腥黑穗病菌和黑麦草腥黑穗病菌鉴定上的应用

根据小麦印度腥黑穗病菌Tilletia indica和黑麦草腥黑穗病菌T.walkeri核糖体ITS序列设计了两对通用引物和两条特异性探针,建立了小麦印腥印度腥黑穗病菌Tilletia indica和黑麦草腥黑穗病菌T.walkeri的实时荧光PCR检测方法,检测的灵敏度为1个冬孢子.这种检测方法可以直接用于样品小麦印腥和黑麦草腥黑穗病菌冬孢子的快速检测,整个检测过程缩短至1天.     

Infection of horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum) by Pseudomonas syringae pv. aesculi and its detection by quantitative real-time PCR

Pseudomonas syringae pv. aesculi is a pathogenic bacterium causing bleeding canker disease of horse chestnut ( Aesculus hippocastanum ). This is a serious disease which has been affecting horse chestnut in several European countries over the last five years; however, very little is known about the biology of the causal agent. One of the obstacles to studying this pathogen is the lengthy procedure associated with confirming its presence on the host. In this study, P. syringae pv. aesculi was isolated from lesions on different parts of horse chestnut and its pathogenicity confirmed on horse chestnut saplings using two inoculation techniques. Real-time PCR primers were developed based on gyrase B gene sequence data for the specific detection of P. syringae pv. aesculi . Primer specificity was tested on isolates of the target pathogen as well as on a broad range of related non-target bacteria and other bacterial spp. which inhabit horse chestnut. The real-time primers reliably amplified P. syringae pv. aesculi down to 1 pg of extracted DNA, with and without the presence of host DNA, and also amplified unextracted DNA in whole cells of the bacterium down to at least 160 colony forming units. Detection and quantification of the target pathogen in phloem and xylem of both naturally infected and inoculated horse chestnut tissues was also demonstrated. This quantitative real-time PCR assay provides the facility to study several important aspects of the biology of P. syringae pv. aesculi on horse chestnut including its potential for dissemination in different substrates.     

Development of high-throughput real-time PCR assays for the identification of insensitive acetylcholinesterase (ace-1) in Anopheles gambiae

Resistance to the organophosphate and carbamate insecticides through insensitivity of the target site enzyme, acetylcholinesterase has recently been reported in Anopheles gambiae populations in West Africa. To date, screening for the mutation (G119S of the ace-1 gene) conferring this insensitivity has employed a simple PCR-RFLP diagnostic. However, this has the disadvantage of requiring digestion of the amplified fragment and subsequent gel electrophoresis of the products. To overcome this, and thus increase throughput and reduce costs, we have developed two assays based on real-time PCR (TaqMan and melt-curve) that represent true ‘closed-tube’ approaches. The two new platforms were compared to PCR-RFLP to genotype over 280 samples. The two new methods compared favourably with PCR-RFLP with the TaqMan assay delivering the greatest specificity and sensitivity of the three approaches. This assay is also cheaper to run than PCR-RFLP and results are obtained in a single step.     

转基因延熟番茄"华番一号"的品系特异性检测方法

本文使用反向PCR方法克隆了转基因延熟番茄"华番一号"(Bioscein)的外源基因和番茄基因组之间的一段边界序列,并依据此段序列设计了具有品系特异性的引物和荧光探针,以实时荧光PCR技术建立了华番一号的品系鉴定检测方法,扩增片段长108bp,横跨在Nos启动子和番茄基因组之间.以转基因大豆(RR)、转基因玉米(Mon810)、转基因抗草甘膦油菜、转基因棉花(保龄棉)、非转基因番茄、马铃薯、茄子、大椒、大米、小麦、烟草等为试材,证明本方法同其它转基因作物及其它蔬菜无非特异性反应.本方法在检测华番一号番茄时,相对检测灵敏度可达到0.1%,绝对灵敏度达到20个拷贝.由于本方法的PCR扩增产物长度只有108bp,因此该方法也可以用于检测加工产品中的转基因成分,或作为常规PCR定性检测后的确证实验方法.     

Multiplex PCR for the identification of Agrobacterium biovar 3 strains

A biovar 3-specific primer set Ab3-F3/Ab3-R4 was designed based on the comparison of sequences of the 16S rDNA region of agrobacteria and related rhizobia for rapid identification of Agrobacterium biovar 3 strains. A 570-bp 16S rDNA fragment was amplified from cell lysates of Agrobacterium biovar 3 strains by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using Ab3-F3/Ab3-R4 primers. Discrimination of Agrobacterium tumefaciens biovar 3 from Agrobacterium radiobacter biovar 3 and of Agrobacterium biovar 3 strains from other Agrobacterium strains was done simultaneously using multiplex PCR with a mixture of two primer sets (Ab3-F3/Ab3-R4 and VCF3/VCR3) previously designed for the virC region of Ti-plasmid and Ri-plasmid.     

Following the dynamics of strobilurin resistance in Blumeria graminis f.sp. tritici using quantitative allele-specific real-time PCR measurements with the fluorescent dye SYBR Green I

Strobilurin-resistant isolates of Blumeria ( Erysiphe ) graminis f.sp. tritici , the cause of wheat powdery mildew, were more than 10-fold less sensitive to azoxystrobin than sensitive isolates. In all resistant isolates, a mutation resulting in the replacement of a glycine by an alanine residue at codon 143 (G143A) in the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene was found. Allele-specific primers were designed to detect this point mutation in infected wheat leaves. Using quantitative fluorescent allele-specific real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) measurements, strobilurin-resistant A143 alleles could be detected amongst strobilurin-sensitive G143 alleles at a frequency of at least 1 in 10 000, depending on the amount of target and nontarget DNA. Most isolates tested were dominant homoplasmic for either the A143 or G143 allele, although mixed populations of alleles could be detected in some isolates. In some of these isolates, strobilurin resistance was not always stable when they were maintained for many generations in the absence of selection. The allele-specific real-time PCR assay was also used to follow the dynamics of A143 alleles in field populations of B . graminis f.sp. tritici before and after application of fungicides. As expected, the A143 allele frequency only increased under selection pressure from a strobilurin fungicide. After three sprays of azoxystrobin, a pronounced selection for the strobilurin-resistant allele, with an increase in average frequency from 2·2 to 58%, was measured. The use of quantitative real-time PCR diagnostics for early detection of fungicide resistance genes at low frequency, coupled with risk evaluation, will be invaluable for further resistance risk assessment and validation of antiresistance strategies.     

土壤中生防菌粉红粘帚霉67-1的荧光定量PCR检测方法

为了建立重要植病生防真菌粉红粘帚霉67-1菌株的荧光定量PCR检测方法,收集了目标菌株、粘帚霉属其它多个种及近缘木霉属的多个种等共18个菌株,并进行了ITS区测序。以200bp左右差异较大区段设计出探针和引物。该引物及探针能有效扩增目标菌株,而其它17株非目标菌株没有扩增,表明所设计的引物和探针具有高度特异性。以目标菌株的阳性克隆质粒作为标准物质,建立了标准曲线,相关系数为0．9989,且扩增效率较高（95．0％）。经过土壤样品试验,得出标准曲线相关系数为0．9979,表明所建立的粘帚霉67-1菌株荧光定量PCR检测方法合理有效、快速实用,适合生态学研究的要求。     

实时荧光PCR快速检测苹果蠹蛾

苹果蠹蛾(Cydia pomonella L.)是重要的国际检疫性害虫。本文根据苹果蠹蛾线粒体COI基因序列设计引物和探针,对苹果蠹蛾及其相似种进行实时荧光PCR检测,结果表明,不同虫态的苹果蠹蛾均能够与近似种类区分开来。该技术可快速准确地鉴定苹果蠹蛾,为检疫性害虫苹果蠹蛾的检疫提供了一种新的方法。