植原体TaqMan探针实时荧光PCR检测鉴定方法的建立

 本研究成功建立了植原体分类鉴定和检测的TaqMan探针实时荧光PCR方法,该方法根据植原体16S rDNA保守区设计了1个TaqMan广谱探针和3个植原体组间点突变特异性探针,并对9种植原体和5种细菌以及3个植物样本进行实时荧光PCR。结果表明,用广谱探针可检测到所有植原体产生荧光信号,而细菌不产生荧光信号。当用植原体组间特异性探针检测时,仅能检测到该组植原体产生荧光信号,检测的敏感性比常规的PCR-电泳检测高约100倍、检测速度有较大提高。由于PCR产物是荧光探针检测,本方法特异性强,并可以用组特异探针直接确定植原体种类。实验采用完全闭管检测,降低了污染机会。本研究为其它原核生物、特别是不能培养菌、难培养菌的检测鉴定和分类提供了新方法。     

金钱松、五针松瘿螨的初步观察

金钱松是我国四大观赏树种之一 ,五针松是重要的盆栽树种 ,近年来在上述树种上发现瘿螨危害 ,受害程度随立地条件和管理状况而异。( 1)金钱松博瘿螨Ｂｏｃｚｅｋｅｌｌａ ｐｓｅｕｄｏｌａｒｉｓＫｕａｎｇｅｔＳｈｅｎ ,ｓｐ .ｎｏｖ .　早在 1990年 5月上旬在南京中山植物园内发现金钱松抽出不久的新梢顶端叶片变黄 ,叶尖枯死 ,经查系瘿螨危害 ,后经专家鉴定为瘿螨科一新种。该螨在金钱松叶上营游离生活 ,成、幼螨多集中在叶面活动 ,以嫩梢顶部叶片虫口密度最大 ,常数十头蠕动于叶面中、下部 ,成叶上较少 ,虫量多在 10头以下 ,偶见螨体在…     

玉米褪绿斑驳病毒实时荧光RT-PCR检测方法研究

玉米褪绿斑驳病毒(Maize chlorotic mottle virus,MCMV)是我国对外公布的检疫性有害生物。本研究根据该病毒外壳蛋白基因的保守序列,设计得到特异性引物及Taqman荧光探针,建立了MCMV的实时荧光RT-PCR方法,并对其灵敏度与特异性进行了研究。该方法针对2个不同来源的毒株均能得到典型扩增曲线,而没有从小麦线条花叶病毒、玉米粗缩病毒和玉米矮花叶病毒的RNA得到扩增曲线,表明引物与荧光探针具有良好的特异性。针对玉米褪绿斑驳病毒RNA不同稀释度样品,实时荧光RT-PCR检测低限达到10-5稀释度,检测灵敏度要比普通RT-PCR高出100倍。因此,本研究建立的MCMV实时荧光方法具有特异性强、灵敏度高和快速有效的优点。     

土壤中南方根结线虫的实时荧光PCR检测和定量

为了准确测定土壤中南方根结线虫Meloidogyne incognita的群体密度,根据序列特异性扩增区标记设计了南方根结线虫特异性引物和TaqMan探针,分别建立了卵和2龄幼虫的实时荧光PCR定量检测体系,并将该检测体系与显微镜计数法进行了比较.结果表明,引物Mi-F/R及探针Mi-probe对南方根结线虫具有高度特异性,建立的标准曲线循环阈值与卵和2龄幼虫数量的对数值之间具有良好的线性关系,相关系数分别为0.9771和0.9853,扩增效率均为90％,检测灵敏度为10-1个卵及10-3条2龄幼虫;对10个田间土壤样本的检测显示,实时荧光PCR定量检测与显微镜计数法测定的南方根结线虫卵和2龄幼虫数量呈显著正相关,且两种方法对2龄幼虫的测定结果无显著差异.     

大麦条纹花叶病毒实时荧光RT-PCR检测方法的建立及应用

大麦条纹花叶病毒为禾本科作物上一种重要的病原,可造成严重的经济损失。该病毒的主要传播方式为种传,因此对种子进行检疫监管是控制病害传播的一种有效途径。本文依据病毒保守序列RNA2beta C蛋白设计引物,研发了一种实时荧光RT-PCR检测方法。经特异性与灵敏度评价,仅对大麦条纹花叶病毒有效,无法对小麦线条花叶病毒、甘蔗花叶病毒及玉米褪绿斑驳病毒的阳性样品进行鉴定;且扩增灵敏度与普通RT-PCR相当,处于0.02 ng/μL水平。该方法相较于已有的检测方法,操作更简便快速,不易污染,灵敏度高,特异性优。此外,本研究结合实时荧光RT-PCR与普通RT-PCR两种检测方法,对未知谷物粉进行大麦条纹花叶病毒的检测鉴定,证实了新方法的可行性。     

玉米细菌性枯萎病菌TaqMan探针实时荧光PCR检测方法的建立

成功建立了玉米细菌性枯萎病菌快速检测鉴定的实时荧光PCR方法.该方法根据细菌16S rDNA序列的特异性,设计出对玉米细菌性枯萎病菌具有稳定性点突变特异性探针,并对10种细菌菌株和5种植原体进行了实时荧光PCR.结果表明,只有玉米细菌性枯萎病菌产生荧光信号,而其它参考菌不产生荧光信号,检测的绝对灵敏度是14.2 fg/μl质粒DNA,比常规的PCR电泳检测高约100倍.整个检测过程只需2h,完全闭管,降低了污染的机会,无须PCR后处理.     

3种根萤叶甲实时荧光PCR检测技术研究

根萤叶甲属(Diabrotica)被我国列为进境植物检疫性有害生物,该属中的玉米根萤叶甲(D.virgifera virgifera)、十一星根萤叶甲(D.undecimpunctata)、巴氏根萤叶甲(D.barberi)是北美的主要农业害虫。为了建立一种快速的分子鉴定方法以鉴定这3种根萤叶甲,本研究从田间采集的成虫样品中获得其部分mtDNA COI序列,与Gen Bank中的相关序列进行比对,设计筛选出3种根萤叶甲的特异性引物和TaqMan探针,并进行实时荧光PCR特异性和灵敏度检测。特异性检测结果表明,用目标种根萤叶甲DNA和其特异性探针和引物进行实时荧光PCR反应时,在30个循环反应内(Ct值30)有近S型扩增曲线出现,同时其他种均无荧光信号增长。此外,灵敏度结果显示,玉米根萤叶甲和巴氏根萤叶甲可检测的最小DNA模板浓度,即实时荧光PCR反应的灵敏度为0.1 ng/μL,十一星根萤叶甲为0.01 ng/μL。     

鳞球茎茎线虫实时荧光PCR检测技术的研究

传统的线虫形态学鉴定存在经验性强和幼虫难以鉴定等不足.本文根据线虫ITS基因序列多态性,设计鳞球茎茎线虫(Ditylenchus dipsaci)特异的TaqMan探针,建立了实时荧光PCR检测方法.对茎线虫属的鉴定实验表明:只有鳞球茎茎线虫产生特异性荧光信号,同属的其他线虫均检测到荧光信号.整个检测过程只需30min到2h,能够满足口岸检验检疫快速通关的要求.     

梨火疫病菌的实时荧光PCR检测

 根据梨火疫病菌16S~23S间的ITS保守序列,设计并合成了一对特异性引物REA/FEA,应用荧光染料SYBR Green I,对10个梨火疫的菌株和其它相关参试菌株进行了检测。结果表明,10个梨火疫菌株都产生荧光信号而其它参试菌株都不产生荧光信号,成功建立了梨火疫病菌的实时荧光PCR检测方法。整个检测过程只需3h,完全闭管,降低了污染的机会,无需PCR后处理。检测的灵敏度是4个菌体细胞,比常规PCR电泳检测提高了10倍。用该特异性引物对梨枝条浸泡液进行实时荧光PCR检测,结果可特异性检测到目标菌的存在,并且检测的灵敏度是24个菌体细胞,比常规PCR电泳检测提高10倍。     

番茄煤污假尾孢叶斑病菌实时荧光定量PCR检测技术的建立及应用

为快速、准确地对番茄煤污假尾孢Pseudocercospora fuligena进行检测与定量分析,基于其Avr4基因设计特异性引物JWB-9F/JWB-7R,建立实时荧光定量PCR检测技术,分析该检测技术的特异性和灵敏度,并利用采集自重庆市、河北省和广西壮族自治区的14份材料对该检测技术的应用效果进行验证。结果表明,引物JWB-9F/JWB-7R仅可从番茄煤污假尾孢基因组DNA中扩增出232 bp的目的片段,特异性良好;实时荧光定量PCR检测技术的灵敏度为67.09 copies/μL,是普通PCR检测技术的1 000倍。且该实时荧光定量PCR检测技术可以实现未显症样本中番茄煤污假尾孢的定量检测,检测限为6.02×10~2copies/μL,实际应用效果较好。表明所建立的实时荧光定量PCR检测技术可用于番茄煤污假尾孢叶斑病的早期诊断和预测预报。     

Development of a real-time PCR-based method for detection of Xylophilus ampelinus

A real-time PCR MGB-probe-based detection method specific to Xylophilus ampelinus , the cause of grapevine bacterial blight, was developed. Used in combination with the DNeasy plant mini kit, the sensitivity of X. ampelinus detection was approximately 100 cells from tissue extracts, surpassing the sensitivity of an existing nested PCR method at least tenfold. In field samples a high correlation was observed between real-time PCR cycle threshold (Ct) values obtained and X. ampelinus isolation on artificial media. Isolation was successful from samples with Ct values below 25. Lower concentrations of X. ampelinus , with Ct values up to 36, could also be reliably detected in real-time PCR. The newly developed method offers a reliable and sensitive test for X. ampelinus, suitable as a screening test, complementary to isolation on media or other methods, and could also be used for fast and specific identification of isolated colonies and for relative quantification of X. ampelinus bacteria.     

Real-time PCR,a great tool for fast identification,sensitive detection and quantification of important plant-parasitic nematodes

Plant-parasitic nematodes can cause significant damage to agricultural crops and forests worldwide, resulting in major economic losses. Some nematode species do not occur in all areas and are regulated as quarantine organisms. To avoid introduction and spread of these organisms, fast, simple and reliable detection and identification methods are needed, that help plant diagnostic services such as reference centres or national plant protection organizations (NPPOs) to rapidly identify suspicious nematodes. Real-time PCR is one of the fastest, most sensitive and reliable methods to fulfil this task. It is a DNA-based method that is easy to learn with the only requirement of having a specific thermocycler (Real-time Platform) and the appropriate chemistry. Real-time PCR provides very sensitive detection and species-specific identification with the potential to quantify target organisms if required. Following DNA extraction, results can be seen in 1–3 h and management decisions applied. Real-time PCR can be used for high-throughput analysis of many samples and in some cases for multiplexing, allowing for identification of more than one species in a single reaction. Over the past 15 years, real-time PCR methods have been developed for the main plant-parasitic nematodes, in particular the regulated species. This paper reviews the achievements in plant nematology diagnostics using real-time PCR as the method of choice for fast and reliable detection, identification and even quantification of plant parasitic nematodes.     

Detection and quantification of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum in environmental samples using a specific quantitative PCR assay

The rapid and reliable identification and quantification of pathogens is essential for the management of economically important plant diseases. Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum is the soil borne fungus responsible for Fusarium vascular wilt of cucumber. In this study, we report the development of a specific and reliable real-time quantitative PCR assay and the development of an ultra-sensitive diagnostic pseudo-nested PCR assay. The capacity of the PCR assays to accurately identify and quantify Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum was experimentally tested by the development of standard curves from serial dilutions of copy numbers in a range of complex environmental DNA samples. The amplification efficiency, sensitivity and reproducibility of the qPCR assays were not significantly affected by the presence of any of the non-target background DNA tested. In quantitative real-time PCR, as few as 100 copies could be reliably quantified, and in simple and pseudo-nested PCR as little as 10 pg and 10 fg, respectively, could be detected. This rapid and sensitive qPCR method can be used to facilitate investigations into plant–pathogen interactions, epidemiology, and disease management practices.     

甘薯褪绿矮化病毒西非株系实时荧光定量PCR检测方法的建立及应用

 依据GenBank中登录的甘薯褪绿矮化病毒(Sweet potato chlorotic stunt virus,SPCSV)西非株系(WA)的核苷酸序列,分别设计两对特异性引物和一条TaqMan探针。以SPCSV-WA外壳蛋白(cp)基因的重组质粒为阳性标准质粒绘制标准曲线,通过优化反应体系和反应条件,建立了SPCSV-WA的实时荧光定量PCR检测方法。试验结果表明,该方法只能检测到目的病毒,标准曲线的斜率和相关系数分别为-3.239和1,扩增效率为103.568%。最低可检测到约3.31 copies/μL的阳性质粒,灵敏度比常规PCR高1 000倍。本研究建立的SPCSV实时荧光定量PCR方法可用于田间样品的检测,为SPCSV的早期预警和流行学研究提供了技术手段。     

Detection and quantification of Pratylenchus thornei in DNA extracted from soil using real-time PCR

The root-lesion nematode Pratylenchus thornei is one of the most important pests restricting productivity of wheat in the Pacific Northwest (PNW). It is laborious and difficult to use microscopy to count and identify the nematodes in soils. A SYBR Green I-based real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was developed to detect and quantify this species from DNA extracts of soil. A primer set, designed from the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS1) of rDNA, was highly specific to P. thornei and did not amplify DNA from 27 isolates of other Pratylenchus spp., other nematodes, and six fungal species present in PNW wheat fields. A standard curve relating threshold cycle and log values of nematode number was generated from artificially infested soils. The standard curve was supported by a high correlation between the numbers of P. thornei added to soil and the numbers quantified using real-time PCR. Examination of 15 PNW dryland field soils and 20 greenhouse samples revealed significant positive correlations between the numbers determined by real-time PCR and by the Whitehead tray and microscopic method. Real-time PCR is a rapid, sensitive alternative to time-consuming nematode extractions, microscopic identification, and counting of P. thornei from field and greenhouse soils.     

向日葵黑茎病菌TaqMan-MGB探针实时荧光快速检测方法

 向日葵黑茎病菌是我国进境检疫性有害生物名录中的一种检疫性真菌。根据向日葵黑茎病菌及其近似种的ITS序列差异,设计并合成特异性引物和探针,建立了向日葵黑茎病菌的实时荧光PCR检测方法。特异性试验结果表明,该检测方法能特异性检测向日葵黑茎病菌;灵敏度试验结果表明,最低检测限量为20 μL反应体系中总DNA含量0.1 pg;实时荧光PCR优化反应条件为引物终浓度0.6 μmol·L^-1,探针终浓度0.3 μmol·L^-1。实际样品检测结果表明,该方法可用于疑似携带向日葵黑茎病菌样品的检测与初筛。此方法快速、灵敏,整个反应过程约1 h,检测过程完全闭管,无需PCR后续处理,为早期快速检测向日葵黑茎病菌提供了重要参考。     

甘蓝枯萎病菌1号和2号生理小种的快速检测与鉴定

 甘蓝枯萎病菌生理小种传统鉴定方法费时费力,不能满足生产的要求,因此需要建立一种快速、可靠的分子检测技术。本研究在甘蓝枯萎病菌1号和2号生理小种基因组测序的基础上,通过比较基因组学方法筛选1、2号生理小种各自的特异基因片段并设计引物,并分别以10个甘蓝枯萎病菌1号生理小种菌株、2个2号生理小种菌株、7个尖孢镰刀菌其他专化型菌株及4个外围菌株DNA为模板进行常规PCR扩增,筛选出甘蓝枯萎病菌1号和2号生理小种特异性引物,同时引入尖孢镰刀菌通用引物W106R/W106S,建立起一步三重PCR检测甘蓝枯萎病菌1、2号生理小种的分子检测技术。结果表明,该分子检测技术实现了在一次PCR反应中快速、准确地同步检测出甘蓝枯萎病菌DNA、罹病甘蓝组织和土壤中的甘蓝枯萎病菌1号和2号生理小种,对检测甘蓝植株是否感染枯萎菌及甘蓝种植区土壤是否受到枯萎菌的污染有实用价值。     

Development of protocols for detection of Colletotrichum acutatum and monitoring of strawberry anthracnose using real-time PCR

Real-time PCR (TaqMan®) assays were developed for the specific detection and discrimination of Colletotrichum spp., C. acutatum and C. gloeosporioides causing anthracnose in strawberry using the most divergent area of the internal transcribed spacers (ITS1 and ITS2) and 5·8S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene region. The specificity of the new assays was tested using DNA from six species of Colletotrichum and nine fungal species commonly found associated with strawberry material, and additionally by comparing the sequences with those from databases using a blast search. The sequences only showed identity with homologous sequences from the desired target organisms. The new assays were 10–100 times more sensitive than conventional PCR methods previously published for the diagnosis of strawberry anthracnose. When real-time PCR was compared with ELISA methods, PCR improved the sensitivity of the identification by obtaining positive results for samples of strawberry plant material that tested negative with ELISA. The development of C. acutatum was monitored using artificially infected strawberry crowns from two strawberry cultivars (Camarosa and Ventana) and a real-time PCR assay specific for this species between January and June 2006. The amount of C. acutatum detected using real-time PCR varied significantly by month ( P  < 0·001), but not by cultivar ( P  = 0·394). The new assays were shown to be useful tools for rapid detection and identification of these pathogens and to allow rapid and accurate assessment of the casual agents of anthracnose in strawberry.     

甜瓜黄斑病毒SYBR Green Ⅰ实时荧光定量PCR方法

为建立检测甜瓜黄斑病毒(melon yellow spot virus, MYSV)的SYBR Green Ⅰ实时荧光定量PCR(qPCR)方法。基于MYSV核衣壳蛋白基因保守序列设计qPCR特异性引物对,针对引物退火温度、引物浓度、特异性和敏感性进行系列优化。结果显示,优化后的qPCR方法最适退火温度为61.3℃,最适引物浓度为0.65μmol·L^-1,特异性强,灵敏度高,比PCR高100倍。以携带目的基因片段的重组质粒为标准品,构建的qPCR标准曲线循环阈值与模板浓度呈良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.999 7。实验样品验证表明建立的qPCR方法可用于MYSV的定量检测。     

Quantitative detection of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Monosporascus cannonballus</Emphasis> in infected melon roots using real-time PCR

A method was developed for the specific detection, identification and quantification of Monosporascus cannonballus in infected melon roots based on real-time PCR (SYBR® Green chemistry) targeting the ITS1 region of the rDNA conserved between different strains of the pathogen. The specificity of the reaction was assessed using a number of fungi taxonomically and ecologically related to M. cannonballus. The method was highly sensitive and M. cannonballus was first detected in the roots of a susceptible Piel de Sapo cultivar 2 days after inoculation, before symptom appearance. Although conventional PCR methods could also provide such a specific and sensitive detection, real-time PCR was also able to produce reliable quantitative data over a range of 4 orders of magnitude (from 5 ng to 0.3 pg). The method allowed the quantitative monitoring of fungal growth from the very first stages of infection, and was successfully employed in the early screening of resistance. The assessment of disease progress and severity obtained with real-time PCR was more accurate than that obtained with the visual scoring of root lesions or root biomass losses. Therefore, there exists a great potential for its implementation in those steps of breeding programmes where high accuracy is required.