首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 156 毫秒
1.
植被作用下的土壤干化及其发生机制探讨   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
通过分析黄土高原不同类型植被下的土壤水分状况,探讨了植被作用下土壤干化的特征和机制,以正确认识其实质,并提供可调控的依据。结果表明,植被作用下的土壤干化具有相对稳定性,其数量指标可采用田间稳定湿度值衡量。在黄土高原气候及地质条件下,土壤干化是植被作用下易于发生的现象,但它并不是植被建造的必然结果。人为营造大片耗水性强的植被类型,高密度以及追求高生产量,是其发生的关键因素。通过了解人工林草物种特点的二重性、合理配置群落结构的必要性以及人工与天然起源的植被在植物竞争效应方面的差异,可对其实施有效管理。植被下土壤干化的普遍发生,不应当妨碍黄土高原进一步开展林草植被建设。  相似文献   

2.
半干旱半湿润的延安黄土高原地区是我国水土流失严重和植被建设的重点地区之一,90年代以来以造林为主的植被建设效果并不理想。以果园地为研究重点的延安不同地区和不同立地条件下存在土壤水分状况的空间差异和普遍的土壤干化现象,土壤水分的总体亏缺是延安地区土壤干层出现的客观依据。延安地区土壤水分状况表明,延安南部和中部地区可以进行合理的人工造林,而北部地区应以灌草植被恢复为主,而地形破碎的梁峁地在造林过程中必需运用水平阶等集水造林技术。  相似文献   

3.
荒漠化土壤对人工植被恢复工程的响应   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
人工植被恢复是荒漠化土壤逆转的主要途径,通过对青海省沙珠玉治沙站人工植被恢复工程下荒漠化土壤逆转过程中土体构型、土壤质地、元素组成和理化性质的分析,研究了荒漠化土壤对人工植被恢复工程的响应.结果表明,人工植被恢复工程对荒漠化土壤具有很好的改良作用,受人工植被影响,土体构型逐渐复杂,出露地表的母质层逐渐被淋溶层和淀积层覆...  相似文献   

4.
陕西富县晚更新世的植被与气候   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
为了了解黄土高原中部晚更新世的古气候演化特征,通过对陕西富县剖面的地质调查、密集采样和54个样品的孢粉分析,将孢粉图式划分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ三个带分别代表S1、L1和S0三个形成时期的孢粉带:Ⅰ带为榛—菊—蒿组合带,以草本植物孢粉占多数,乔木植物花粉出现高峰为特征;Ⅱ带为菊、蒿优势带,以草本植物花粉占优势,乔木植物花粉显著减少为特征;Ⅲ带为松—藜—中华卷柏增长带,以松、藜、中华卷柏显著增加,乔木植物明显增长为特征。结果表明S1形成时期植被为疏林草原,气候温暖较湿;L1形成时期植被为干草原,气候冷干;S0形成时期植被为森林草原,气候温凉干旱。  相似文献   

5.
植被类型对生长季黄土区土壤含水量的影响   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
黄土区植被稀少且干旱缺水,土壤干层是该区林草植被过度耗水导致水分负平衡的一种特殊水文现象。本试验对比了岢岚县的2种植被类型在4-10月的0-600 cm深度土壤水分状况,并得出以下结论:土壤含水量的变化范围为撂荒地>油松-小叶杨混交林,分别为8.65%-18.25%,8.21%-14.60%;油松-小叶杨混交林在570-600 cm、撂荒地在0-20 cm深度处均出现中度干层,不存在轻度干层及重度干层;平均土壤含水量大小同样为撂荒地>油松-小叶杨混交林,分别为(14.85±3.53)%,(11.55±2.72)%;土壤含水量与土壤深度的曲线拟合呈线性关系,相关方程为y=0.024x+12.426,总体上土壤含水量随土壤深度呈现增加趋势;土壤含水量与采样月份、植被类型、土壤深度均呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。  相似文献   

6.
西安临潼人工林土壤干化与恢复研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
通过野外调查和室内测定,本文研究了西安临潼人工林下0-6m土壤含水量和土壤干层的变化。结果表明,临潼14龄杨树林和16龄梧桐树林下150-350cm之间土层的含水量分别为8.7%和9.0%。按土壤干层划分标准(含水量<10%),这已属于发育弱的土壤干层,说明西安地区人工林下有土壤干层存在。而在丰水年中,杨树林和梧桐树林下原有的土壤干层带水分含量增加到21.6%和21.7%,土壤干层消失,说明在降水量增加的条件下,西安地区发育弱的土壤干层可以得到恢复,人工林能够正常生长。由此推断,西安及其降水量与其类似的其他地区可以种植一些高大乔木或果树经济林。在土壤干层发育严重的黄土高原北部地区不适于广泛造林,可以优先考虑发展疏林和森林草原植被。  相似文献   

7.
关中富平地区近一万年植被和气候的讨论   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
为了了解黄土高原中部近一万年以来古气候演化特征,通过对关中富平剖面的地质调查、密集采样和31个样品的孢粉分析,将孢粉图式划分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ三个带分别代表早、中、晚三个时期的孢粉带:Ⅰ带为松-菊-香蒲组合带,以草本植物花粉占优势,针叶树植物花粉含量较高为特征;Ⅱ带为松-栎-蒿-环纹藻组合带,以乔木花粉增加,草本植物花粉减少为特征;Ⅲ带为栎-松-蒿组合带,以草本植物花粉增加,乔木花粉减少为特征。结果表明:早全新世植被为森林草原-干草原,气候干凉-干冷;中全新世植被为森林草原与针阔叶混交林草原,气候温暖半湿润;晚全新世植被为森林草原或疏林草原,气候干旱偏暖-温凉干旱。  相似文献   

8.
黄土高原土壤水分与植被生产力的关系   总被引:39,自引:15,他引:39  
土壤水分生态条件的恶化愈来愈成为黄土高原植被建设和生态环境建设的限制因素,我们在对黄土高原土壤水分生态因素分析的基础上,探讨了黄土高原土壤水分的季节性变化、土壤剖面水分变化、区域水分变异规律,分析了土壤水分与植被生产力间的相互关系,并提出了改善黄土高原土壤水分生态环境、提高植被生产力的调控技术。  相似文献   

9.
黄土高原气候变化与植被恢复   总被引:23,自引:11,他引:23  
对黄土高原100a来的气温、降水资料的分析表明,黄土高原气温持续升高,降水减少,气候较过去变得暖干;年降水平均减少了100mm左右,使得黄土高原气候带及植被带南移,生态与环境更加恶化。根据环境的变化,提出黄土高原植被恢复的对策是选择合适的树种、适当减少人工林种植密度;配合一定的工程措施,增加雨水的蓄积和入渗;加强生态环境保护法规建设,强化行政管理措施;加强生态环境保护教育,强化生态意识。  相似文献   

10.
红砂植被盖度对土壤不同形态碳、氮及细菌多样性的影响   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
以自然恢复的红砂群落为研究对象,探讨黄土高原红砂植被不同盖度对土壤不同形态碳、氮及细菌多样性的影响,为该地区的人工生态恢复措施提供理论支撑.在兰州市南北两山植被恢复技术研究与示范基地,按照5级盖度分类法设置红砂植被盖度梯度,重点对土壤养分碳氮、微生物量碳氮和细菌多样性开展研究.结果表明:随着植被恢复,土壤有机碳 (SOC)和全氮(TN)、土壤微生物碳 (MBC)和微生物氮(MBN)逐渐提高,并且增加比较快 ,但是当总盖度达到48.73%之后,增加比较缓慢,而且增加的差异不显著.相同的植被盖度对土壤有机碳、全氮和土壤微生物碳、氮的影响趋于一致.土壤细菌多样性随植被盖度有所增加,在植被盖度达到48.73%后多样性维持在彼此接近的水平,尽管微生物多样性群落结构有差异 .在植被稀疏、物种多样性较低的干旱坡地,红砂植被盖度增加明显改善了土壤生态功能, 但是片面追求植被盖度的增加,对土壤特性改善有限.  相似文献   

11.
黄土高原的植被演替研究现状及发展趋势   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
从地质、历史时期黄土高原植被演替研究和现存植被的群落演替及群落结构特征 演化研究两方面论述了黄土高原的植被演替研究现状及发展趋势,认为黄土高原植被演替研 究对黄土高原的生态建设尤其是退耕还林还草工程建设具有重要意义,建议基于黄土高原的 植被演替规律进行仿自然植被林草建设。  相似文献   

12.
黄土高原历史时期植被变化   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
研究黄土高原历史时期植被变化是认识其环境演变的基础。文章在文献研究的基础上分析了黄土高原历史时期的植被变化。得出:西周以前及西周战国时期黄土高原植被保持着天然状态;秦汉时期天然植被仍占较大比重,人类活动尚没有改变黄土高原的植被面貌;唐宋时期河谷、平原地区已无天然森林,丘陵、山地植被也遭到破坏,北部沙漠开始扩张,自然环境处在恶化之中;明清时期植被遭到毁灭性破坏。造成黄土高原历史时期植被变化的根本原因是人为开垦土地,采伐森林和过度放牧。据推算春秋战国时期黄河中游森林覆盖率为53%;秦汉时期下降为42%;唐宋时期下降至32%;明清时期下降至4%。黄土高原濯濯童山主要是近600多年来人类活动对植被破坏的结果。  相似文献   

13.
Knowledge about the effects of vegetation types on soil properties and on water dynamics in the soil profile is critical for revegetation strategies in water-scarce regions, especially the choice of vegetation type and human management measures. We focused on the analysis of the effects of vegetation type on soil hydrological properties and soil moisture variation in the 0–400 cm soil layer based on a long-term(2004―2016) experimental data in the northern Loess Plateau region, China. Soil bulk density(BD), saturated soil hydraulic conductivity(Ks), field capacity(FC) and soil organic carbon(SOC) in 2016, as well as the volumetric soil moisture content during 2004–2016, were measured in four vegetation types, i.e., shrubland(korshinsk peashrub), artificial grassland(alfalfa), fallow land and cropland(millet or potato). Compared with cropland, revegetation with peashrub and alfalfa significantly decreased BD and increased Ks, FC, and SOC in the 0–40 cm soil layer, and fallow land significantly increased FC and SOC in the 0–10 cm soil layer. Soil water storage(SWS) significantly declined in shrubland and grassland in the 40–400 cm soil layer, causing severe soil drought in the deep soil layers. The study suggested that converting cropland to grassland(alfalfa) and shrubland(peashrub) improved soil-hydrological properties, but worsened water conditions in the deep soil profile. However, natural restoration did not intensify deep-soil drying. The results imply that natural restoration could be better than revegetation with peashrub and alfalfa in terms of good soil hydrological processes in the semi-arid Loess Plateau region.  相似文献   

14.
A large-scale afforestation project has been carried out since 1999 in the Loess Plateau of China. However, vegetation-induced changes in land surface temperature (LST) through the changing land surface energy balance have not been well documented. Using satellite measurements, this study quantified the contribution of vegetation restoration to the changes in summer LST and analyzed the effects of different vegetation restoration patterns on LST during both daytime and nighttime. The results show that the average daytime LST decreased by 4.3°C in the vegetation restoration area while the average nighttime LST increased by 1.4°C. The contributions of the vegetation restoration project to the changes in daytime LST and nighttime LST are 58% and 60%, respectively, which are far greater than the impact of climate change. The vegetation restoration pattern of cropland (CR) converting into artificial forest (AF) has a cooling effect during daytime and a warming effect at nighttime, while the conversion of CR to grassland has an opposite effect compared with the conversion of CR to AF. Our results indicate that increasing evapotranspiration caused by the vegetation restoration on the Loess Plateau is the controlling factor of daytime LST change, while the nighttime LST change is affected by soil humidity and air humidity.  相似文献   

15.
ZHOU Tairan 《干旱区科学》2021,13(10):1015-1025
Soil water content is a key limiting factor for vegetation growth in the semi-arid area of Chinese Loess Plateau and precipitation is the main source of soil water content in this area. To further understand the impact of vegetation types and environmental factors such as precipitation on soil water content, we continuously monitored the seasonal dynamics in soil water content in four plots (natural grassland, Caragana korshinskii, Armeniaca sibirica and Pinus tabulaeformis) in Chinese Loess Plateau. The results show that the amplitude of soil water content fluctuation decreases with an increase in soil depth, showing obvious seasonal variations. Soil water content of artificial vegetation was found to be significantly lower than that of natural grassland, and most precipitation events have difficulty replenishing soil water content below a depth of 40 cm. Spring and autumn are the key seasons for replenishment of soil water by precipitation. Changes in soil water content are affected by precipitation, vegetation types, soil evaporation and other factors. The interception effect of vegetation on precipitation and the demand for water consumption by transpiration are the key factors affecting the efficiency of soil water replenishment by precipitation in this area. Due to artificial vegetation plantation in this area, soil will face a water deficit crisis in the future.  相似文献   

16.
黄土高原气候暖干化趋势及适应对策   总被引:21,自引:9,他引:21  
黄土高原气象观测资料显示,在全球增温背景下,该地区气候暖干化趋势愈来愈明显,且冬季增温趋势明显高于夏季.除6月份降水量具有明显增加的趋势外,其他月份降水量基本上是减少的趋势,尤以7~9月份减少幅度最大.相对湿度在4月份降低幅度最大,此时正值该地区春旱发生季节,给农业生产和社会可持续发展带来影响.以缺水为核心的生态和社会经济矛盾日趋尖锐,提出应该围绕"水"加强管理和立法监督工作;充分利用节水保水技术;加强气候变化规律和预测能力研究.  相似文献   

17.
基于陇东黄土高原近50 a平均逐月降水和气温数据,以标准化降水蒸散发指数(SPEI)作为干旱评价指标,采用线性趋势方法、Mann-kendall突变分析法,小波分析法、R/S分析法,马尔科夫预测模型分析了陇东黄土高原近50 a来干旱变化周期特征及变化趋势,预测了未来干旱趋势和发生的概率。研究显示:近50 a陇东黄土高原SPEI线性倾向率小于0,整体呈干旱化趋势,陇东黄土高原干旱变化的突变点在1993年左右;通过小波分析,年际尺度的SPEI存在19、11、7、4、2 a的主周期,月尺度的SPEI存在17、25、35、10、6个月主周期;SPEI12的Hurst值0.640.5,自相关系数Rt0,在未来一段时间内干旱化趋势将会持续;通过Markov预测分析,干旱状态演变过程中干旱极端化现象的概率会增多,严重干旱状态的持续性将增强。  相似文献   

18.
In 1999, the Grain for Green Project was implemented by the Chinese government. Since then, the vegetation of Zuli River Basin, a semi-arid river basin of the Chinese Loess Plateau, has been greatly changed. Clearly understanding the impact of natural and artificial factors on vegetation change is important for policy making and ecosystem management. In this study, spatio-temporal variations in vegetation cover in Chinese Zuli River Basin during 1999–2016 were investigated using Landsat normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data. Analyses of several indicators, including changes in NDVI in different slopes and land use changes and the relationships between climatic factors and NDVI change, were presented to quantitatively evaluate the effects of agriculture, climate, and policy on NDVI change. The NDVI in the Zuli River Basin increased during the study period, and the main contributors to this change were forest in 1999–2011, cropland, abandoned farmland, and grassland in 2009–2016, and land with slopes ≤ 15°. Land with slope > 15°, where the “Project” was implemented, slightly contributed to the increase in regional NDVI. In 1999–2011, the project (?98.16%) combined with climate change (?68.18%) showed negative effects on the increase in NDVI in the Zuli River Basin, but agriculture (22.28%) played a positive role in increasing this index. In 2009–2016 and 1999–2016, the project (38.45% and 35.25%, respectively), the project combined with climate change (49.83% and 46.30%, respectively), agriculture (18.61% and 23.30%, respectively), promoted increases in NDVI in the basin.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号