胺苯·丙酯草醚油菜田应用技术研究

胺苯.丙酯草醚杀草谱较广,对移栽油菜田中禾本科杂草和阔叶杂草具有较好的防效,药效优于各单剂丙酯草醚和胺苯磺隆,与草除.精喹EC相当;在46.5~55.8 g a.i./hm2剂量下能有效防除禾本科杂草看麦娘、日本看麦娘,及阔叶杂草繁缕、牛繁缕、碎米荠、猪殃殃、野老鹳草,防效达到80%~90%,对稻槎菜防效一般(50%左右),对巢菜、草、棒头草和早熟禾基本无效;速效性一般,持效期在90 d以上;最佳施药时期为杂草1~3叶期的苗后早期;推荐使用剂量为46.5~55.8 g a.i./hm2,剂量在93 g a.i./hm2内对油菜安全。     

五氟磺草胺·氰氟草酯OF对水直播稻田杂草的防除效果

6%五氟磺草胺·氰氟草酯OF是陶氏益农公司开发的直播田新型除草剂.田间试验结果表明,五氟磺草胺·氰氟草酯OF对水稻田中禾本科杂草、阔叶草及莎草科杂草的防效良好.在60.0～180.0 g(ai)/hm2量范围内对水稻安全,不影响水稻的生长和发育.其适宜的施用剂量为90.0～120.0 g(ai)/hm2,施药适期为水稻3～5叶期,稗革3～4叶期,千金子2～3叶期.     

丙酯草醚和胺苯磺隆混用配方的室内筛选

在温室盆栽条件下，测定了新型除草剂丙酯草醚和胺苯磺隆混用后对油菜田4种主要杂草的除草活性，同时采用Collby法评价丙酯草醚与胺苯磺隆混用后的联合作用类型。结果表明，混用后除草活性提高，但不同组合的除草活性表现出一定差异，混剂大部分组合对供试杂草有加成作用，某些组合对猪殃殃具增效作用，各混剂组合均未表现拮抗作用。综合考虑杀草谱、除草活性和使用成本，以丙酯草醚45ga．i．/hm^2 胺苯磺隆7．5～9ga．i．/hm^2为好，故推荐两者复配时有效成分的比例为30：(5．6)。     

异丙醚草醚EC防除油菜田杂草的药效及安全性评价初报

10％异丙醚草醚EC于油菜田杂草4～6叶时，对杂草茎叶喷雾，能有效防除油菜田的禾本科杂草(看麦娘)和阔叶杂草(雀舌草、碎米荠、繁缕)，750ml／hm^2和525ml／hm^2两种浓度处理对看麦娘的防效，显著高于25％胺苯磺隆WP75g／hm^2，与10．8％高效盖草能EC450ml／hm^2不存在显著差异。750ml／hm^2和525ml／hm^2两种浓度对雀舌草、碎米荠和繁缕的鲜重防效，显著高于25％胺苯磺隆WP75g／hm^2。10%异丙醚草醚EC用量为375ml／hm^2和225ml／hm^2时，对杂草的防效显著降低。该药在用量225-750ml／hm^2范围内，对油菜安全。     

溴嘧草醚悬浮剂防除油菜田杂草的研究

20%溴嘧草醚悬浮剂是具有自主知识产权的油菜田新型除草剂.2003～2005年在不同区域油菜田的试验结果表明,溴密草醚SC 45～90 g a.i./hm2对禾本科杂草看麦娘、日本看麦娘、茼草和阔叶杂草蓼、臭荠、雀舌草等防效达80%以上,对牛繁缕、繁缕、碎米荠和稻茬菜也有中等到良好的防效,对总草防效达72.0%～94.4%.对油菜安全,除草后油菜明显增产.     

五氟磺草胺·氰氟草酯防除水稻直播田杂草试验

五氟磺草胺·氰氟草酯OF(油悬浮剂剂型缩写)是目前应用较多的水稻田复配除草剂。田间试验结果表明,60g/L五氟磺草胺·氰氟草酯OF对水稻直播田中的禾本科杂草、阔叶杂草及莎草科杂草防效良好。在80m L~200m L/667m~2制剂用量范围内对水稻安全,不影响水稻的生长及发育。推荐施用剂量为80m L~120m L/667m~2,施药适期为水稻2叶1心后,稗草2~3叶期施药。     

16%草除灵·二氯吡啶酸·烯草酮SC防除移栽油菜田杂草的效果

16%草除灵·二氯吡啶酸.烯草酮SC对移栽油菜田一年生禾本科杂草及阔叶杂草的防效良好。在试验剂量180～480 g a.i./hm2下对移栽田油菜安全,不影响油菜的生长和发育。其适宜的施用剂量为240～480g a.i./hm2,施药适期为油菜3～5叶期、杂草3～4叶期,使用方法为叶面均匀喷雾。     

大能防除小麦田杂草技术研究

5％大能EC1200ml／hm^2，在冬前禾本科杂草4叶期和春后禾本科杂草6～7叶期施用，对小麦田看麦娘、日本看麦娘、蔺草和硬草等禾本科杂草具有理想的防除效果，优于目前应用的6．9％骠马。施药器械、兑水量对禾本科杂草防效无明显影响，但低用水量（225kg／hm^2）喷雾时要注意行进速度，确保喷到、喷匀。大能可与苯磺隆、异丙隆、麦喜、普瑞麦、使它隆混用，以扩大对麦田单双子叶杂草的控制效果。按推荐剂量（1200ml／hm^2）使用对扬麦13号、扬麦15号等小麦安全。     

336g/L苯唑草酮SC防除玉米田杂草技术研究

336 g/L苯唑草酮SC具有安全性高、作用速度快、使用剂量低、使用适期长、兼容性好等特点.可安全应用于甜玉米、糯玉米等各类玉米田有效防除一年生禾本科杂草和阔叶杂草.杂草3～4叶期施药,适宜施用剂量为30.24～45.36 g a.i./hm2(商品量90～135 mL/hm2);杂草6～8叶期施药,适宜施用剂量为45.36～60.48ga.i./hm2(商品量135 ～ 180 mL/hm2).336 g/L苯唑草酮SC可与莠去津混用,以扩大杀草谱,提高防效.使用时加入助剂MSO可提高防效,降低使用剂量.苯唑草酮对油菜、豌豆、青菜、大豆等后茬作物安全.     

啶磺草胺等8种除草剂对小麦田8种禾本科杂草的生物活性

在温室内采用盆栽整株喷雾法研究了啶磺草胺等8种除草剂对雀麦、节节麦等8种禾本科杂草的生物活性,探讨各除草剂对这些禾本科杂草的防除谱及防除效果。结果表明：啶磺草胺、氟唑磺隆和甲基二磺隆对雀麦、日本看麦娘和看麦娘的防效均较好,田间推荐剂量下（14、22.5、9 g/hm2）防效为66.74%～100%;对硬草的防效略差;对野燕麦和节节麦的防效较差;对菵草、蜡烛草略有差异,氟唑磺隆对菵草防效较好,而啶磺草胺对蜡烛草防效较好。唑啉草酯、肟草酮、炔草酯、精恶唑禾草灵和异丙隆对日本看麦娘、看麦娘、蜡烛草、硬草、菵草和野燕麦防效均较好,田间推荐剂量下防效为71.73%～100%,对节节麦、雀麦防效较差或无效。     

Spatial and temporal changes in acetolactate synthase activity as affected by new herbicide ZJ0273 in rapeseed, barley and water chickweed

Propyl 4-(2-(4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yloxy)benzylamino)benzoate (ZJ0273), derived from a precursor compound pesticide (a derivative of 2-pyrimidinyloxy-N-aryl benzoate), is a novel herbicide used in the rapeseed field. This paper studied the differential tolerance or susceptibility of four plant species viz. Brassica napus L. (rapeseed), Hordeum vulgare L. (barley), Malachium aquaticum (L.) Fries (water chickweed), and Alopecurus aequalis Sobol. (equal alopecurus), to various concentrations of ZJ0273, based on the rate of inhibition of acetolactate synthase (ALS) activity. Brassica napus was observed as the most tolerant among four species in which ALS activity in vivo was hardly affected by ZJ0273 at 100 mg/L (recommended dose in the rapeseed field). In contrast, H. vulgare was found to be more susceptible which was reflected in the relative decline of ALS activity and lower biomass production even under at a lower rate of 10 mg/L of ZJ0273. The two weed species exhibited moderate susceptibility as compared to H. vulgare. The present study confirmed that ZJ0273 at 100 mg/L is the optimal dose of herbicide for rapeseed field. Seedling stage was critical in determining the tolerance of crops and susceptibility of weeds which indicated that over seven leaf stage was much safer for rapeseed whereas the two leaf stage juvenile water chickweed was more susceptible to the same rate of ZJ0273. Spatial and temporal variations in ALS activity as affected by 100 mg/L ZJ0273 in water chickweed, rapeseed and barley also suggested that the synchronized sampling based on the tissue position and seedling stage was necessary to examine precisely, the special difference in tolerance or susceptibility to ALS-inhibiting herbicide. The uppermost younger leaf seemed to be the most appropriate sample for evaluation. Furthermore, the variant tendency of ALS activity from different parts of plants between monocotyledons and dicotyledons to ZJ0273 treatments showed differential response which revealed some possible mechanism related to the altered absorption and translocation of the herbicide.     

棉田除草剂氯胺嘧草醚田间使用技术研究

氯胺嘧草醚为2-嘧啶氧基-N-芳基苄胺类新型棉花田除草剂,本文于2014年和2015年在多地通过田间药效试验对该药剂的棉花安全性、杂草防效、杀草谱、持效期及推荐剂量等使用技术进行了研究。结果表明,该药剂在多数试验点对棉花表现安全,而在部分砂壤和碱性土壤条件下使用高剂量防治则有一定药害风险,需降低剂量使用;氯胺嘧草醚杀草谱较广,棉田多数杂草对其敏感;与对照药剂乙草胺和二甲戊灵相比,供试药剂在150g/hm~2剂量下的总草防效略低,而在225或250g/hm~2剂量下的总草防效与对照药剂基本相当;氯胺嘧草醚在药后15d开始发挥药效,持续期在45~60d左右,持效期较长;推荐该药剂在棉田的使用剂量为225~250g/hm~2,而砂壤和碱性土壤条件下需降低用量到75~150g/hm~2。该药剂在棉花播后苗前土壤封闭处理,然后覆膜,兑水量40~50kg/667m~2,可以用于棉田防除一年生禾本科杂草、阔叶杂草和莎草科杂草。     

Differential morphological and physiological responses of two oilseed Brassica species to a new herbicide ZJ0273 used in rapeseed fields

Weeds are considered as a major threat to the production of oilseed Brassica crops. The use of herbicides that are safe for crops and effective in controlling weeds is crucial for the agronomists and farmers. Propyl 4-(2-(4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yloxy)benzylamino)benzoate (ZJ0273), a derivative of 2-pyrimidinyloxy-N-aryl benzoate, is a new herbicide used in the rapeseed field. To evaluate the tolerance of Brassica species against this new herbicide, two cultivars of rapeseed Brassica napus cv. ZS 758 and Brassica rapa cv. Xiaoyoucai were tested by a foliar spray of ZJ0273 at the rate of 100, 500 and 1000 mg/L and a currently used ALS (acetolactate synthase)-inhibiting herbicide bispyribac-sodium (BS) at the rate of 100 mg/L. The results showed that both the cultivars of Brassica were less affected by ZJ0273 as compared to BS. Increasing level of ZJ0273 herbicide from 100 to 1000 mg/L increased the stress for the plants of both the cultivars as indicated by enhanced accumulation of malondialdehyde content. The activities of ALS and antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase and peroxidase), soluble protein and sugar contents, photosynthetic system (SPAD value, photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll fluorescence) as well as the agronomic characters also declined consistently with each successive increase in ZJ0273 concentration. In general, the plants treated with 100 mg/L ZJ0273 recovered from the herbicide stress after 28 days. B. napus showed more tolerance than B. rapa to the new herbicide. Nevertheless, BS application at 100 mg/L did not allow the plants of both the cultivars to recover from the herbicidal stress.     

棉田除草活性化合物SIOC0426生物活性初步评价

SIOC0426 属2-嘧啶氧基-N-芳基苄胺类选择性除草活性化合物。室内生物活性测定结果表明,SIOC0426具有良好的芽后早期除草活性,对棉花安全,在棉花与重要杂草马唐和反枝苋之间的选择性系数分别为 3.534 和4.299,能有效防除棉花田禾本科杂草和阔叶杂草,对莎草科杂草也有一定抑制作用,使用适期为杂草1~2叶期。田间试验表明,在有效成分90~120 g/hm2剂量范围内,对棉田主要杂草的总防效在73.1% ~87.6%之间。     

新型除草剂丙酯草醚的作用机理

采用常规的室内生测和生化方法,开展新型除草剂丙酯草醚的作用机理研究.试验结果表明:同时添加5mg/L浓度的三种支链氨基酸即缬氨酸、亮氨酸和异亮氨酸能完全恢复丙酯草醚对高粱茎的生长抑制作用,而添加相同浓度的单一支链氨基酸只能部分消除其抑制作用.离体条件下,丙酯草醚IC50＞100mg/L,而双草醚IC50值为10-5～10-4mg/L,说明丙酯草醚对离体ALS没有抑制作用;活体条件下,丙酯草醚对ALS有一定的抑制作用,且随着处理时间的延长,酶活力降低,对ALS的抑制作用增加.因此,丙酯草醚使植物体内必需的支链氨基酸合成受阻,仍然属于ALS抑制剂,但其作用方式不同于磺酰脲类和嘧啶水杨酸类除草剂等典型的ALS抑制剂,它类似于前体农药,即在植物体内通过代谢活化来发挥作用.     

新化合物ZJ10361的除草活性研究

为明确对羟苯基丙酮酸双氧化酶（HPPD）抑制剂类新化合物ZJ10361[1,3-二甲基-4-（2-甲基-4-甲砜基-3-（2-对甲苯氧基）乙氧基）苯甲酰基-1H-吡唑-5-基碳酸乙酯]在玉米田的开发应用潜力,对该化合物的除草活性、安全性、选择性、杀草谱和田间药效进行了研究。室内生物测定结果表明,ZJ10361在有效剂量150 g/hm2下对玉米安全性好,而对其他5种供试作物均有不同程度药害;对不同玉米品种之间的安全性有一定差异,其中对糯玉米科糯986安全性最好,其次为杂交玉米掖单13,甜玉米华珍最为敏感。该化合物在目标作物玉米Zea mays与反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus、鳢肠Eclipta prostrata之间的选择性系数为4.0~4.5,具有较好的选择性;对阔叶杂草的除草活性较高,杀草谱较广,但对禾本科和莎草科杂草除草活性一般。田间试验结果显示,ZJ10361在有效剂量225 g/hm2下对供试玉米安全性好,对玉米田杂草总草防效为86.9%,与对照药剂硝磺草酮有效剂量150 g/hm2处理相比无显著性差异。该化合物用于玉米田防除阔叶杂草具有一定的开发潜力。     

The metabolism of a novel herbicide ZJ0273 in oilseed rape and crickweed

Experiments were conducted to investigate the metabolism of a novel herbicide ZJ0273 in the seedlings of the susceptible crickweed and tolerant oilseed rape. Six metabolites of ZJ0273 were identified in crickweed seedlings, compared to 8 metabolites in oilseed rape. Among these metabolites, the metabolite M7, with the chemical name of 2-(4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yloxy) benzoic acid, was found to be the most herbicidally effective molecule with significant inhibition to acetolactate synthase. The differences in the amount and rate of ZJ0273 transformation to M7, and its metabolic detoxification, contributed to the primary mechanism of herbicidal selectivity of ZJ0273.     

新型酰胺类除草剂NC1的除草作用及对水稻的安全性

为了明确新型除草剂NC1的杀草谱、施药时期、使用剂量及对水稻的安全性,采用种子生物测定法测定34.5％ NCI悬浮剂对稗草的生物活性,并与30乡丙草胺乳油进行比较;采用室内整株生物测定法测定34.5％NC1 SC不同时期处理对禾本科杂草的控制作用和对水稻的安全性,并进行田间验证.结果 表明:NC1对稗草种子的生物活性优...     

甲磺隆和草甘膦对空心莲子草乙酰乳酸合酶活性和莽草酸含量的影响

为研究甲磺隆和草甘膦对空心莲子草的作用机理,探索其最佳的使用技术,采用有效成分为30 g/hm2和60 g/hm2 的甲磺隆处理空心莲子草,能明显抑制其茎和根乙酰乳酸合酶的比活性;有效成分为1537.5g/ hm2和3075g/ hm2 的草甘膦处理则能明显抑制空心莲子草莽草酸含量的积累;施用甲磺隆和草甘膦对空心莲子草生长的抑制作用随药剂浓度的提高而增大.二次施用草甘膦(间隔30天)的结果表明,低剂量处理对抑制空心莲子草根组织莽草酸含量的积累更明显.     

20％嗯唑酰草胺·灭草松ME防除水稻直播田一年生杂草及安全性

通过对20％曙唑酰草胺·灭草松ME防除水稻直播田一年生杂草及对水稻安全性的试验,明确了每667111。用20％嗯唑酰草胺·灭草松ME在有效剂量下,与10％韩秋好EC、48％灭草松AS相比较除草效果显著,杀草谱广;在水稻直播田中,当水稻秧苗2叶期后,杂草处于2～4叶期,用剂量为210—240mL／667m2（630—720a．i．g／hm2）时,能有效地防除水稻直播田一年生单双子杂草和异型莎草,证明了在水稻直播田应用吧唑酰草胺·20％灭草松ME对水稻是安全的。