山东省草莓根腐病病原菌Mucor irregularis的鉴定

<正>草莓(Fragria ananassa Duch)是蔷薇科草莓属植物，因其丰富的营养价值和较高的经济效益而被广泛种植于世界各地^[1]。随着草莓产业的迅速发展，特别是设施栽培特殊环境及草莓的连茬种植，导致草莓根腐病逐年加重，对我国草莓产量增长和品质提高造成了严重威胁 ^[2-3]。草莓根腐病的致病菌复杂多样，2021年科研人员在对山东草莓主产区山东潍坊、济南历城等地的草莓根腐病调查发现，     

河南丹参棒孢霉叶斑病病原菌的鉴定

<正>丹参(Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge.),又叫活血根，为唇形科(Labiatae)鼠尾草属(Salvia Linn)多年生草本药用植物，干燥根入药，主要用于治疗心脑血管等疾病^[1]。近年来，随着丹参种植规模的扩大，丹参根腐病^[2-3]、枯萎病^[4]和茎基腐^[5]等病害的大规模发生，限制了丹参种植产业的发展。2019—2021年在河南省禹州、     

香榧根腐病病原菌分离鉴定及绿色药剂筛选

<正>0 引言香榧(Torreya grandis cv. Merrillii)为我国特有的珍稀经济干果与重要木本油料作物^[1],主要分布于浙江省诸暨、绍兴、临安等地^[2],香榧产业发展迅速，已成为当地农业支柱产业和农民增收的主要来源^[3]。近年来，多地香榧林出现根腐病且为害日益严重，成为影响香榧产业可持续发展的重要障碍之一。因此香榧根腐病病原菌鉴定与防治技术研发迫在眉睫。本论文通过组织分离法、单孢培养法获得纯菌种，     

引起我国葡萄黑根病的Dactylonectria novozelandica的鉴定

<正>葡萄黑根病(Black foot disease)是重要的葡萄枝干病害之一，全球葡萄主要种植区均有发生^[1],近两年我国有该病害发生的报道^[1-2]。田间，黑根病主要危害8年树龄以下的幼树，症状主要表现为发芽异常，枝条节间缩短，叶片失绿黄化，根部出现褐色至黑色坏死等^[3-5]。引起葡萄黑根病的病原菌复杂多样，已报道8个属34种病原菌^[1]。2021年，北京市林果所育苗棚发现一批葡萄幼苗的根部及根茎部变褐或变黑，根系发育不良，毛细根稀少，     

山药潜隐病毒RT-LAMP快速检测方法的建立

<正>0引言山药(Dioscorea oppositifolia L．)是薯蓣科薯蓣属植物,可作为药用或食用材料^[1],广泛分布于全球热带及亚热带地区,在我国河南、山东、江苏、广西和江西等省份都有种植。山药生产中以块茎无性繁殖方式为主,导致病毒病发生严重^[2]。侵染山药的病毒主要包括马铃薯Y病毒属(Potyvirus)^[3]、杆状DNA病毒属(Badnavirus)^[4]、香石竹潜隐病毒属(Carlavirus)^[5]以及蚕豆病毒属(Fabavirus)^[6]的一些病毒。     

海南海芋叶斑病病原鉴定

<正>海芋(Alocasia odora)又名滴水观音，为天南星科海芋属多年生大型常绿观叶草本植物，主要分布于我国海南、福建、广西等热带和亚热带地区^[1-2],广泛用于城市园林造景工程，也可作为室内观赏植物^[3-4]。海芋常见的病害有叶斑病、枯萎病、基腐病等^[5], 其病原菌分别为海芋链格孢(Alternaria alocasiae)、尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum)、烟草疫霉(Phytophthora nicotianae)^[6-7]。     

椰枣叶斑病的病原鉴定

<正>椰枣树(Phoenix dactylifera L.)属多年生棕榈科热带植物，是阿拉伯国家重要的经济和粮食作物，果实被称为“沙漠面包”,具有较高的营养价值^[1-2]。 目前我国对椰枣的研究主要集中于椰枣化学成分分析^[3]、基因表达^[4]、植物组织培养^[5]、逆境胁迫^[6]等领域，对椰枣病害发生及病原菌种类鲜有报道。2020年11月—2021年6月，对海南省椰枣病害发生情况进行调查，     

分离自我国北方玉米叶斑的链格孢和弯孢属真菌

<正>0引言国内由链格孢属(Alternaria)和弯孢属(Curvularia)真菌引起的玉米叶斑病在黑龙江、吉林、河南、海南等地都有报道^[1-8];在青海发生的玉米叶斑病多由Alternaria引起^[9];而在辽宁、内蒙古、北京、河北、山东、陕西和四川等地发生的玉米叶斑病多由Curvularia引起^[6,10-12]。根据多基因序列分析鉴定的种有A. burnsii[3];据rDNA ITS^[4,9]或多基因^[3]鉴定的种有A. alternata、A. tenuissima和Alternaria sp.;     

引起花生果腐病的新孢镰刀菌及其生物学特性

<正>0引言花生果腐病(俗称花生烂果病)是一种世界性土传病害,主要导致花生荚果腐烂。近年来花生果腐病在我国山东、河南、河北等花生主产区日趋严重,造成15%以上的减产甚至绝收^[1]。国内外已报道的花生果腐病病原菌有Sclerotium minor^[2]、Neocosmospora vasinfecta^[3,4]、N. striata^[5]、Fusarium sp.^[6]、Pythium myriotylum^[7]和Rhizoctonia solani^[8]。其中,我国不同地域的花生果腐病病原菌有N. vasinfecta^[3,4]、N. striata^[5]、Fusarium sp.^[6]、P. myriotylum^[7]和R. solani^[8]。     

广西崇左油梨叶部炭疽病病原菌分离与鉴定

<正>油梨(Persea americana Mill.)又名鳄梨、酪梨，原产于墨西哥与中美洲高原，其营养丰富，含有多种维生素、脂肪酸、蛋白质、维生素等^[1]。随着油梨的规模化种植，病虫害问题也随之发生，炭疽病是油梨叶部常见病害之一。国外有学者报道油梨果实炭疽病病原菌有Colletotrichum gloeosporioides^[2]、C. acutatum^[3]等。近日，我国学者报道来自海南儋州的油梨炭疽菌病原菌为C. siamense^[4]，还有学者分析了购自广州一水果商铺油梨果(进口自秘鲁)上的炭疽病病原菌种类为果生刺盘孢(C. fructicola)^[5]。     

北京市月季丽赤壳褐斑病病原菌鉴定

In September 2018, a new leaf spot on Rosa chinensis with incidence of up to 60% was observed in a park in Miyun district of Beijing. Disease samples were collected and three strains (JZB3210001, JZB3210002 and JZB3210003) were obtained by isolation and single spore purification. According to the morphological characteristics, they were identified as Calonectria sp.. For molecular phylogenetic analysis, β-tub, Cal, H3, EF1-α genes were amplified with genomic DNA of these three isolates. Phylogenetic trees constructed by the Maximum likelihood method showed that three strains clustered with Calonectria blephiliae CBS136425 as a distinct clade with 91% bootstrap support. Based on both morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis, the three strains were identified as C. blephiliae. The pathogenicity assay confirmed that C. blephiliae was the pathogen causing this disease. This is the first report of leaf spot caused by C. blephiliae on Rosa chinensis in China.     

越南槐圆斑病病原鉴定

The pathogen causing round leaf spot of Sophora tonkinensis (Lour.) was identified by Koch's postulates, morphological characteristics and combined gene sequences analysis on ITS, TUB, and ACT. The results showed that morphological characteristics of a pathogenic representative isolate SDG-1 was similar to that of Didymella glomerata. The isolate SDG-1 was clustered into one clade in phylogenetic tree with D. glomerata. Taken together, these results indicated that the round leaf spot of S. tonkinensis was caused by D. glomerata. This is the first report of a round leaf spot on S. tonkinensis was identified as D. glomerata.     

草莓丝核菌根腐病的病原菌鉴定

 由丝核菌引起的根腐病是草莓生产上的重要病害之一。本研究基于形态学、菌丝细胞核荧光染色、菌丝融合群测定、rDNA-ITS序列分析和柯赫氏法则验证,对北京地区引起草莓根腐病的丝核菌进行了鉴定。2014年从北京市昌平区温室草莓根腐病病样中分离纯化获得的3个代表菌株,经形态学和细胞核荧光染色,确定均为双核丝核菌(binucleate Rhizoctonia, BNR),且与双核丝核菌AG-A融合群菌株发生菌丝融合,菌株CP-Z的rDNA-ITS序列与GenBank中丝核菌属的有性型角担菌属(Ceratobasidium)AG-A融合群 4个菌株的相似性达100%。菌株CP-Z接种草莓根部,引起根系变黑、腐烂,植株死亡,从接种发病的根部可重新分离到双核丝核菌。双核丝核菌AG-A融合群引起草莓根腐病为国内首次报道。该病原菌菌丝生长适温为25℃~28℃。     

甘薯茎腐病症状及其病原鉴定

 甘薯茎腐病是危害甘薯的一种严重病害,甘薯茎、叶柄、叶片和块根均可被害。该病典型症状是茎基部发黑和变软腐烂,叶发黄,茎和块根维管束黑褐色,引起块根腐烂、有臭味。通过对甘薯茎腐病典型症状样本的采集、病原菌的分离和纯化以及致病性测定,明确该病害是一种细菌病害。通过对甘薯茎腐病菌的菌体形态和培养特性观察发现,病原菌是革兰氏阴性细菌,菌体短杆状,大小约为2.36 μm×0.4 μm, 周生鞭毛,可在烟草上激发过敏性反应(HR)。Biolog测定、脂肪酸分析、16S rDNA序列分析、MALDI-TOF质谱鉴定和8个看家基因(dnaX、rplB、fusA、gapA、gyrA、purA、recA和rpoS)的序列系统发育分析,发现该病原菌与达旦提狄克氏菌Dickeya dadantii高度一致。这些结果说明,浙江省发生的小番薯病害是甘薯茎腐病,病原为D. dadantii。     

甘蔗花叶病毒田间杂草寄主鉴定

正玉米矮花叶病1963年在美国俄亥俄州首次报道[1],我国1968年在河南省首次报道。甘蔗花叶病毒(Sugarcane mosaic virus,SCMV)是引起我国玉米矮花叶病的主要病原[2, 3]。根据基因组序列的系统发育分析,SCMV分为4个组,其中第I组分布最广,第IV组是新发现的一个强毒株系,近年来的发生呈上升趋势[4, 5]。SCMV属于马铃薯Y病毒属(Potyvirus),粒体为弯曲线状。其由蚜虫非持久性传播[6],能侵     

铁皮石斛镰刀菌根腐病病原菌的鉴定及其对链霉菌发酵液的敏感性分析

根腐病是危害浙江省铁皮石斛的重要病害之一,鉴定根腐病的病原菌是有效防治该病害的前提条件.为进一步明确前期经柯赫法则验证为病原菌的镰刀菌(编号为GF-14)分类地位,本研究通过形态学鉴定,并结合内源转录间隔区(rDNA-ITS)、翻译延伸因子(TEF-1α)和RNA聚合酶基因(RPB1和RPB2)等序列的同源性比对及系统...     

草莓红叶根腐病病原菌分离与鉴定

0 引言 近年来,在草莓'甜查理'等品种上出现一种新病害,发病初期表现为叶片红色,后期全株萎蔫.2019年课题组对采自江苏省徐州市贾汪区的草莓红叶病样进行分离,初步鉴定为类拟盘多毛孢真菌.经与国内已报道危害草莓的类拟盘多毛孢真菌Neopestalotiopsis clavispora[1-5]比较,结果发现课题组分离的...     

引起甜樱桃叶斑病的葡萄座腔菌的鉴定

Cherry leaf spot disease is one of the most common diseases of sweet cherry. In 2018 and 2019, a leaf spot symptom was observed on sweet cherry in Beijing city, Shandong province and Liaoning province, and the pathogen fungi were isolated from diseased samples. Seven fungal isolates (JZB310197-JZB310203) were identified as Botryosphaeria dothidea according to morphological characteristics and multi-gene (ITS, EF 1-α and TUB2) phylogenetic analysis. To fulfill the Koch′s postulation, pathogenicity assay was carried out on detached leaves and tissue cultured seedlings. The inoculation results showed that all isolates were pathogenic to cherry leaves, proving that B. dothidea was a pathogen of cherry leaf spot disease. This is the first report of B. dothidea causing leaf spot of sweet cherry in China.     

浙江甘薯蔓枯病病原菌鉴定

Recent years, gummy stem blight caused by Diaporthe spp. is an important disease on Ipomoea batatas. In this study, infected plant tissues, collected from Ningxi, Taizhou, were used for isolating pathogens from the gummy stem. Three pure strains with similar cultural characteristics were isolated, tested for their pathogenicity against stems of I. batatas, and re-isolated from the tissue inoculated, and Koch's postulate was fulfilled. The rRNA intergenic spacer (ITS) region of these isolates was amplified and the sequences were used for the phylogenetic analysis. The aliment result showed that the sequences (MT107556, MT107557 and MT107558) of three strains were 100% similarity with that of D. batatas CBS 122.21. These isolates were identified as D. batatas based on the morphological and molecular characteristics. Therefore, gummy stem blight on Ipomoea batatas was caused by D. batatas in Zhejiang province. Meanwhile, this study firstly showed that the stroma of D. batatas was coralloid.     

贝莱斯芽胞杆菌ZZBV-3的鉴定及其对草莓根腐病的防效

为获得草莓根腐病原菌尖孢镰刀菌Fusarium oxysporum的优良拮抗菌,以草莓种植基地的土壤为拮抗菌来源,通过室内测定不同菌株的抑菌活性,筛选抑菌率最高的菌株,在此基础上对所筛菌株进行分类鉴定,并评价其抑菌谱和防效。结果表明,从土壤中分离获得39株拮抗菌,筛选出3株对尖孢镰刀菌具有明显抑制作用的菌株。其中,菌株ZZBV-3的抑菌作用最强,抑菌圈直径为16.2 mm。经形态学及多基因（包括16s rDNA和gyrB基因）比对分析,确认菌株ZZBV-3为贝莱斯芽胞杆菌Bacillus velezensis。菌株ZZBV-3抑菌谱广,对多种植物病原菌均具有良好的抑菌效果。盆栽试验结果表明,菌株ZZBV-3对草莓“红颜”和“甜查理”品种的根腐病防效分别为77.96%和81.18%,生防应用前景良好。