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1.
甘蓝型冬油菜在西北寒旱区适应性分析   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
为了研究甘蓝型冬油菜在西北寒旱区的适应性,以29份甘蓝型冬油菜品系为材料,分析在天水、兰州两个试点越冬率、生育期、产量、含油量及农艺性状的差异。结果表明,参试品系在天水试点越冬率均高于兰州试点,在天水试点,21份参试品系越冬率80.00%以上,而兰州试点在覆盖条件下越冬率平均为14.49%,最高为平甘1号(48.50%)。联合方差表明,试点气候差异是引起越冬率差异的最主要原因。与天水试点相比,参试品系北移至兰州试点后越冬期延长,冬后生育期缩短,全生育期延长;在天水试点参试品系株高、分枝部位、主花序长度、千粒重、折合每667 m~2产量、含油量平均值分别为133.52 cm、32.79 cm、51.37 cm、3.15 g、184.20 kg、40.16%,较兰州分别高22.11 cm、31.58 cm、2.47 cm、0.66 g、160.54 kg、22.54%;变异分析表明,在天水试点参试品系越冬率、主要农艺性状、产量、含油量变异系数相对兰州试点较小,相对稳定。结论:天水试点气候条件更适合甘蓝型冬油菜的生长,参试品系越冬率高、农艺性状良好、产量高、含油量高,适应性强。  相似文献   

2.
以阿瓦提1号为材料,研究新疆地区不同种植密度对鹰嘴豆植株性状、干物质积累量、产量与品质的影响。结果表明,随密度的增加,生育期提前,株高增高,叶面积指数上升,单株干物质积累量减少。单株荚数随着密度增大极显著减少。每荚粒数、粒重等与密度的关系不大。蛋白质含量、亚麻酸含量和廿碳烯酸含量都呈现增加的趋势。种植密度对鹰嘴豆维生素B1和油酸含量的影响不显著。在本试验条件下,以44.5万株/hm2处理的表现最佳,产量达5946.09 kg/hm2,品质较好。  相似文献   

3.
研究北方不同生态区白菜型冬油菜的生育期差异,可为合理安排后茬作物、提高复种指数、优化种植制度提供依据。本研究以18份不同抗寒性白菜型冬油菜为材料,分析17个不同生态区冬油菜5年的生育期变化。结果表明:白菜型冬油菜在北方地区种植,总体表现为生育期在品种间、年份间差异较小,相差1~5 d左右;不同抗寒性的品种生育时期存在差异,抗寒性强的品种表现出越冬期延长(枯叶期提前,返青期推迟),营养生长向生殖生长的过渡期相对缩短,花期缩短,但籽粒灌浆期、成熟期延长。而不同生态地区间生育期差异较大,突出地表现为华北等气温较高的地区,播期较迟,收获期高温逼热促早熟,生育期较短,为240~270 d;而最冷月平均气温较低的甘肃河西地区、极端低温较低的新疆地区及高海拔的鄂尔多斯高原地区,生育期较长,为270~300 d。影响北方冬油菜生育期的环境因素主要是温度,其次为纬度、海拔等,随着纬度、海拔的升高,温度降低,冬油菜生育期延长。冬油菜5月下旬到6月中上旬收获,收获后可复种向日葵、糜子、谷子、荞麦、早熟马铃薯等,可实现一年二茬,提高复种指数,具有较大复种潜力。  相似文献   

4.
在北方旱寒区不同生态条件下开展了冬油菜适宜种植密度试验,研究了种植密度对冬油菜越冬率、生育期、产量及农艺性状的影响.结果表明,越冬率随种植密度增大而降低;密度对生育期存在一定的影响;随着种植密度的增加,分枝部位增高,株高、植株总分枝数、主花序长度、千粒重、单株产量均降低.角粒数也受种植密度影响,随密度增大,角粒数基本呈抛物线状变化.冬油菜在新疆、酒泉、靖远和北京地区适宜种植密度范围不同,分别为60 ~ 120、60~75、60 ~ 90万株/hm2和60~90万株/hm2.北方旱寒区冬油菜适宜的种植密度范围在60 ~ 90万株/hm2.  相似文献   

5.
以3个不同抗寒性的白菜型冬油菜品种为材料,在模拟不同越冬条件下,探讨越冬率对强抗寒性白菜型冬油菜产量、株型性状、角粒性状、生育期等的影响。结果表明:当越冬率在30%~100%范围内,随越冬率的增加,白菜型冬油菜产量呈先增加后降低的趋势,陇油7号、冬油2号越冬率为85%时产量分别为4 462.2 kg·hm~(-2)和4 057.0 kg·hm~(-2),达到最高值;天油4号越冬率为90%时产量最高,为3 591.8 kg·hm~(-2)。方差分析表明,陇油7号和天油4号越冬率大于75%,冬油2号越冬率大于70%时,越冬率变化对其产量水平无显著影响,而越冬率低于这一阈值时,其产量显著降低。回归分析表明,白菜型冬油菜越冬率与其产量的关系符合线性模型;相关性分析表明,白菜型冬油菜越冬率变化与植株分枝部位呈显著正相关(P0.05),与单株分枝数、角果长度和数量、粒数和粒重、单株重量等呈显著负相关(P0.05),种子、角果和侧枝的干鲜质量及蔗糖含量与越冬率变化呈显著或极显著负相关(P0.01或P0.05)。因此,冬前播种密度保持在65万株·hm~(-2)时,我国北方强冬性区白菜型冬油菜安全越冬临界值范围为70%~75%,不同品种的安全临界越冬率存在差异;在一定范围内,增加白菜型冬油菜的分枝和结实性能,对返青群体不足导致的产量损失具有补偿效应。  相似文献   

6.
新疆冬油菜不同密度水平生育特性及经济性状比较研究   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2  
结合新疆地区冬油菜生长情况,研究了不同密度条件下冬油菜越冬率及叶面积和叶面积指数、鲜重净增量、单位面积干物质积累量、经济性状及产量、含油量.结果表明,密度对冬油菜越冬率、叶面积和叶面积指数、鲜重净增量、单位面积干物质积累量及产量和经济性状、含油量有着显著影响.30、60、90、120、150万株/hm2五个密度处理,低...  相似文献   

7.
寒旱区白菜型冬油菜适应性及利用研究   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
为探究冬油菜在甘肃张掖寒旱区种植的适应性,对8个白菜型冬油菜品种(系)的越冬率、冬前干物质积累、农艺性状及产量进行了分析比较,研究了冬油菜不同播种期对越冬率、产量等性状的影响,同时进行了冬油菜后茬复种模式研究。研究结果表明,在北纬38°左右、海拔180 m左右、极端最低气温-28.7℃的张掖及河西走廊,白菜型冬油菜能够露地正常越冬,且产量高品质好。冬油菜收获后,复种早熟大豆、马铃薯、油葵和蔬菜等作物,每667m2两季产值比单种小麦增收32.0%~154.4%,比单种玉米增收15.4%~108.6%,经济效益十分显著。在张掖及河西走廊发展冬油菜生产可以调整传统农业的一年一熟为一年两熟或两年三熟,增加复种指数,提高土地资源利用率和经济效益;同时,可增加冬春季土壤植被覆盖,减少沙尘源,改善生态环境。张掖及河西走廊宜选择抗寒性品种,并适当早播,播期以8月中旬为宜。  相似文献   

8.
以全膜双垄沟播、全膜覆土、全膜平铺、起垄膜侧和露地栽培5种处理方式,研究了不同覆膜栽培方式对冬油菜生育期、越冬率、产量和经济性状、水分利用效率的影响。结果表明:全膜双垄沟播、全膜覆土、全膜平铺、起垄膜侧 栽培冬油菜,均能不同程度影响冬油菜单株经济性状,提高水分利用效率和越冬率,增加产量,缩短生育期;其中全膜双垄沟播栽培效果最好,水分利用效率比露地栽培(对照)提高3.4 kg·mm-1·hm-2,生育期缩短7 d,越冬率提高24.5%,产量达3 194.46 kg·hm-2,增产42.8%;全膜平铺栽培增产33.9%,全膜覆土栽培增产26.0%,起垄膜侧栽培增产24.8%。  相似文献   

9.
白菜型冬油菜在北方寒旱区的适应性分析   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
采用多点试验,对白菜型冬油菜在北方地区的越冬率、生育期及产量进行比较,以分析其适应性.结果表明,不同冬油菜品种越冬率存在较大差异,依次表现为陇油6号>陇油7号>陇油8号>陇油9号>天油2号(CK)>天油5号>天油8号>天油7号,其中陇油6号和陇油7号越冬率最高,分别为86.40%和85.53%,明显高于CK,而天油7号与天油8号的越冬率仅分别为54.07%和55.50%,均低于CK;同一参试品种在不同试点生育期差异较大,如陇油6号在秦王川试点,生育期长达300 d,而在和田,其生育期仅为251 d,较秦王川试点提前49 d;不同冬油菜品种间生育期差异也较大,在秦王川,陇油6号和陇油7号的生育期最长,为300 d,陇油8号为295 d,而其它各参试品种的生育期均为290 d,较陇油6号缩短了10 d;在不同试点,冬油菜农艺性状和含油率均存在较大差异.综合分析,陇油8号、陇油7号、陇油6号的丰产性和稳定性最好,其次为陇油9号;不同生态区区域适宜种植的冬油菜品种也有差异,其中陇油6号、陇油7号可成为北京及周边地区、新疆乌鲁木齐以西地区、甘肃中北部与河西走廊以及陕西靖边周边地区的主栽品种,而新疆乌鲁木齐以南地区应以陇油8号与陇油9号为主栽品种,天油2号、天油5号及天油8号也适宜在该地区种植.  相似文献   

10.
河北省冬小麦生长和产量对气候变化的响应   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
利用河北省1981-2007年冬小麦产量资料和冬麦区23个农业气象站点冬小麦全生育期观测资料、逐日气象资料,采用最小二乘法、相关分析、通径分析等方法,分析冬小麦生长发育和产量对气候变化的响应。结果表明:冬小麦冬前各生育期、北部麦区起身期、中南部抽穗-开花期平均气温下降,其他发育期平均气温升高;各发育期平均日照时数减少;降水总量冬前增加,冬后减少。冬小麦冬前生育期延后,冬后生育期提前;播种-分蘖期和抽穗-成熟期延长,其他发育期缩短,实际生长天数变化不大。不同生育期内气象要素对冬小麦发育进程和产量影响不同:气温是影响发育进程的主要气象因子,各发育期内均有较大影响;降水对返青后发育进程影响较大;日照主要影响灌浆成熟期。北部麦区气象产量主要受冬前分蘖期、越冬期、起身-拔节期的气温,开花-成熟期的气温和日照,拔节-抽穗期的降水量影响;中南部麦区气象产量主要受全生育期降水量(以返青-抽穗期最为突出)、开花-成熟期的气温和日照影响。  相似文献   

11.

Two field experiments were carried out in 2017 and 2018 to evaluate the impacts of salicylic acid (1?mM SA) and putrescine (1?mM Put) on leaf osmolytes, seed reserve and oil accumulation and fatty acid composition of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) under different watering levels (irrigations after 70 and 150?mm evaporation as normal irrigation and severe drought stress, and 70?→?90?→?110?→?130?→?150 and 70?→?100?→?130→150 as gradual and moderately gradual water deficits, respectively). The experiments were laid out as split plot on the bases of randomized complete block design in three replications. Water stress increased the contents of glycine betaine, proline, soluble sugars, and proteins. Application of SA and Put further enhanced the contents of glycine betaine and soluble sugars, while reduced proline content of leaves. Seed filling duration, seeds per plant, plant biomass and seed yield were decreased with increasing irrigation intervals. Exogenous SA and Put enhanced all of these parameters under different irrigation intervals. Oil accumulation in seeds was diminished as water stress severed. The gradual water deficit considerably reduced the impacts of drought stress on yield related traits and oil content per seed, due to stress acclimation of plants. Oil content of seeds was augmented by SA and Put treatments through prolonging seed filling duration, particularly under limited irrigations. Percentages of palmitic acid and stearic acid (saturated fatty acids) were not affected by water limitation. However, unsaturated fatty acids of linoleic and linolenic acids were reduced, and oleic acid was enhanced due to water shortage. Unsaturation index was improved by SA and Put treatments under severe water stress as a result of decreasing oleic acid and increasing linoleic and linolenic acids contents. The SA spray was the best treatment for improving rapeseed seed and oil production under normal and stressful conditions.

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12.
Ascochyta blight (AB, Ascochyta rabiei (Pass.) Lab.) is one of the most important foliar disease of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), globally. Chickpea is attacked by AB at any growth stage in cool and humid weather depending on the inoculum availability. However, the disease epidemics are most prominent during the flowering and podding growth stages. The main objective of this study was to determine the effect of growth stages of chickpea on the genetic resistance of AB and use this information in a resistance breeding program. Two susceptible and two moderately resistant chickpea cultivars were spray inoculated at seedling (GS1), post-seedling (GS2), vegetative (GS3), flowering (GS4) and podding (GS5) growth stages with A. rabiei conidial suspension under controlled environment conditions. Irrespective of crop cultivars the incubation period (IP) was shorter in GS1, GS4 and GS5 and was significantly extended in GS2 and GS3. Symptom development was delayed significantly in moderately resistant cultivars. The AB severity 10 days after inoculation ranged between 7 and 9 on susceptible cultivars and 3 and 5 on moderately resistant cultivars. Further the correlation coefficient of disease severity between GS1, GS4 and GS5 was highly significant (r = 0.95) indicating that, evaluation for resistance to AB can be done at GS 1 (seedling stage), and or GS4 (flowering stage) to GS5 (podding stage) growth stages of chickpea. This supports the evaluation for AB resistance using 10-day-old-seedlings in controlled environment at ICRISAT and adult plant field screening at hot-spot locations in Dhaulakuan and Ludhiana in India.  相似文献   

13.
Use of Fusarium-infected seed for cereal crops results in a reduced plant density due to seedling blight. This is especially a problem in organic agriculture, for which currently no practical seed disinfection methods are available. In the present paper we investigated whether spring wheat cultivars differ in tolerance to seedling blight in vivo, whether the possible differences could be linked to cultivar differences in initial growth rates, and whether differences in weed infestation were related to differences in emergence. Seed six spring wheat cultivars (Melon, Lavett, SW Kungsjett, Epos, Pasteur, Thasos), containing three Fusarium infection levels were obtained and sown in two field experiments in 2006 and 2007 and in an outdoor pot experiment in 2007. Results indicated that the six spring wheat cultivars differed in their tolerance to seedling blight, and consequently in the percentage of emergence of their seeds. The relative levels of tolerance to seedling blight of the six cultivars were robust in the three experiments performed. No clear relationship between initial growth rates and tolerance was found. In our experiments, no early and homogenous weed pressure was present, but in the 2007 field experiment a relationship between initial seedling emergence and weed infestation after anthesis was determined. Based on the presented results we suggest that additional to resistance to Fusarium head blight (FHB), differences in tolerance to seedling blight should also be considered during selection of wheat cultivars for organic agriculture.  相似文献   

14.
2006-2009年,采用拌种和播种沟施药的方法,于河南郑州研究了新烟碱类杀虫剂吡虫啉及吡虫啉.辛硫磷复配剂对油菜蚜虫的全程控制效果。小区试验结果表明,用吡虫啉有效成分5g/kg种子拌种仅能有效控制苗期油菜蚜虫的危害,防治效果为90.79%~100%,对中后期油菜蚜虫控制效果不明显;用吡虫啉600g/hm2及吡虫啉.辛硫磷复配剂1320g/hm2采用播种沟施药对油菜蚜虫的防治效果分别为91.82%~94.49%和90.68%~95.34%;试验示范验证防治效果在92%以上,持效期长达7个月以上,可以达到一次用药控制油菜整个生长期蚜虫为害的效果,减少了用药次数,此方法简单易行、保护环境、保护天敌,是一种简化高效的具有推广价值的油菜蚜虫可持续控制技术。  相似文献   

15.
黄腐酸抗旱营养剂对小麦和玉米生长的影响   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
研究了黄腐酸旱地龙拌种、浇灌以及喷施对小麦和玉米生长的影响。结果表明:拌种时间为30 min时可提高小麦的发芽率和促进小麦苗期生长;浇灌试验中,正常供水条件下,浓度为600倍的稀释溶液相比对照可显著降低叶绿素a和类胡萝卜素含量,分别降低17.7%和15.6%;而干旱胁迫下,稀释480倍处理相比对照显著提高叶绿素a含量达24%;浇灌FA可显著提高田间玉米花粒期株高和Chla+b,分别提高7%和17%,喷施处理提高叶片净光合速率和水分利用效率,分别为25%和28%,而浇灌处理提高了62%和45%;浇灌FA显著提高田间小麦苗期和返青期叶绿素含量。  相似文献   

16.
Ascochyta blight caused by Ascochyta rabiei, is the most destructive disease in many chickpea growing countries. Disease development varies with the growth stage and host resistance. Hence, disease development was studied in cvs ICCX 810800 (resistant), ICCV 90201 (moderately resistant), C 235 (moderately susceptible), ICCV 96029 and Pb 7 (susceptible) under controlled environment (ICRISAT, Patencheru) and field conditions (Dhaulakuan, Himachal Pradesh) at seedling, post-seedling, vegetative, flowering and podding stages. Under controlled environment, the incubation period and terminal disease reaction (TDR) did not vary significantly at different growth stages against virulent isolate AB 4. Cultivars ICCX 810800, ICCV 90201 and C 235 showed a significantly longer incubation period than the susceptible cv. Pb 7. Cultivar ICCX 810800 showed slow disease progress and the least TDR. Field experiments were conducted during the 2003–2004 and 2004–2005 growing seasons. During 2003–2004, TDR was higher in plants inoculated at podding and the flowering stage and the lowest disease reaction was recorded in ICCX 810800. A severe epidemic during 2004–2005 was attributed to the favourable temperature, humidity and well distributed high rainfall. TDR did not differ significantly at any of the growth stages in susceptible cvs ICCV 96029 and Pb 7. With respect to seeding date and cultivar, the highest yield was recorded in the early-sown crop (1,276.7 kg ha−1) and in ICCV 90201 (1,799.3 kg ha−1), respectively. The yields were greatly reduced in all the cultivars during 2004–2005 and the highest yield was recorded in ICCX 810800 (524.7 kg ha−1). Integrated disease management using resistant cultivars, optimum sowing period and foliar application of fungicides will improve chickpea production. The experiment under controlled environment and field conditions (during the epidemic year) showed a similar disease development.  相似文献   

17.
冠菌素对玉米苗期植株形态建成的调控效应   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
以玉米品种金海5号为材料,采用不同浓度植物生长调节剂冠菌素(COR)拌种和三叶期(V3)叶面喷施的方法,研究了COR对玉米苗期植株地上部和根系形态建成的影响,分析了其对叶面积、叶绿素含量和可溶性蛋白的调控效应。结果表明:不同浓度冠菌素对玉米幼苗形态建成的调控呈单峰曲线,即低浓度下促进幼苗生长,高浓度下抑制生长。用0.1 mg/L的COR拌种或叶面喷施处理,可促进玉米苗期植株株高和茎粗生长,增加单株叶面积,提高叶片叶绿素和可溶性蛋白含量,促进植株干物质积累。同时,COR可促进玉米苗期根系生长,增加根长和根表面积,进而可有效增加根系吸收能力。研究结果表明,适宜浓度的COR处理可以提高玉米幼苗光合性能,增强根系吸收能力,促进植株地上部和地下部的生长,有利于培育壮苗。  相似文献   

18.
苜蓿品种间种子萌发及苗期耐盐性差异的研究   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
本文模拟内蒙古河套灌区盐分组成,对九种紫花苜蓿品种种子萌发及苗期的耐盐性进行了研究。结果表明:苜蓿品种在种子萌发期和苗期所能忍受的极限盐浓度不同,分别为1.0%和0.7%左右,揭示出苗期对盐分反应较种子萌发期更为敏感。综合评定苜蓿品种耐盐能力强弱:芋县苜蓿=准格尔苜蓿≥沙湾苜蓿>新疆抗旱苜蓿=苏联36号苜蓿=公农1号苜蓿≥阳高苜蓿>公农2号苜蓿=紫苜蓿。  相似文献   

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