精制乐草隆简介

防除对象：能有效地防除稗草、牛毛毡、异型莎草、鸭舌草、矮慈菇、陌上菜、鳢肠、泽泻、萤蔺、节节菜等一年生及多年生禾本科、莎草科、阔叶杂草。适用作物：大龄秧苗移栽木田。限于长江流域及其以南地区水稻田施用。施药适期：水稻移栽后已长出新根、活苗时施药,以杂草...     

几种除草剂对直播稻田杂草防除效果比较试验

水稻是我县主要作物之一,常年种植面积32万亩以上.杂草的危害是影响其产量的主要因素之一.根据调查我县稻田发生危害的主要杂草有稗草、眼子菜和三棱草等.为选高效安全的稻田除草剂,指导农业生产,特进行本试验.     

吉林省通化市稻田杂草名录及群落组成

通化市稻田杂草有15科35种，以莎草科、禾本科、雨久花科、眼子菜科杂草为多，主要杂草有稻稗、鸭舌草、野慈姑、萤蔺、藨草、眼子菜、雨久花。杂草群落组成主要有三类，一是稻稗 鸭舌草 眼子菜 雨久花；二是稻稗 鸭舌草 野慈姑 眼子菜 雨久花；三是稻稗 牛毛毡 萤蔺 藨草 野慈姑。     

双草醚的科学正确使用

双草醚属于嘧啶苯甲酸类除草剂,又名双嘧草醚。是活性高的乙酰乳酸合成酶（ALS）抑制剂,施药后能很快被杂草的茎叶吸收,并传导至整个植株,抑制植物分生组织生长,从而杀死杂草。该药剂高效、广谱、用量极低,可有效防除稻田稗草及其他禾本科杂草,兼治大多数阔叶杂草、一些莎草科杂草及对其他除草剂产生抗性的稗草,如稗草、双穗雀稗、稻李氏禾、马唐、匍茎剪股颖、看麦娘、东北甜茅、狼巴草、异形莎草、日照瓢拂草、碎米莎草、萤蔺、日本草、扁秆草、鸭舌草、雨久花、野慈菇、泽泻、眼子菜、谷精草、牛毛毡、节节菜、陌上菜、水竹叶、空心莲子草、花蔺等水稻田常见的绝大部分杂草。对大龄稗草和双穗雀稗有特效,可杀死一至七叶期的稗草。在农田生态系统中,除水稻、部分莎草以外的其他植物,对其均表现一定程度的敏感。     

秧田恶性杂草眼子菜的防除

稻田眼子菜是一种繁殖力强,蔓延迅速的恶性杂草。我们曾在云南省蒙自县草坝农场对秧田眼子菜的药剂防除作了一系列试验,现把试验结果报道如下。 试验方法:水稻播种后22—43天,用毒土法将药剂施于秧田内,小区面积6平方米或16平方米,重复三次,随机排列;施药后半月检查药效,每小区对角线对三点,每点1平方尺,调查眼子菜残存叶片数,水稻秧苗株高、根长和风干重,不施药为对照,比较除草效果和药害情况;施药量系指商品量。     

二氯喹啉酸对水稻药害及其原因分析

二氯喹啉酸是防除稻田稗草的特效选择性除草剂。近年来大面积应用表明,该药具有残效期长,对稗草特效,施药适期宽等特点。只要正确使用对水稻安全,但若使用不当也对水稻造成药害。近年来各地均有零星药害发生。为此,笔者对二氯喹啉酸造成水稻药害症状和发生原因进行了调查?..     

新代力防除稻田杂草药效试验报告

新代力系乐吉化工厂新近开发的一种超高效稻田专用除草剂。为明确其杀草范围、除草效果及在浙江中部地区的使用剂量、施药适期、对水稻的安全性等,1991年我们在连晚杂交稻上进行了田间小区试验。     

怎样用好丁西颗粒除草剂

5.3%丁西颗粒剂是由4%丁草胺和1.3%西草净混配以细砖粒为载体制成的颗粒剂。系浙江乐吉化工厂生产,农药登记号 PDN 13—91,1991年获“七五”全国星火计划成果博览会银质奖。适用于水稻大苗移栽本田及荸荠田、席草田除草。小苗、弱苗、工厂化育秧;直播田、秧田不宜施用.对稗草、一年生莎草、绝大多数的阔叶草(如鸭舌草、节节菜、四叶菜、眼子菜等)萍藻类(如紫萍、水绵、金鱼藻等)均具高效,防治效果在90%     

江苏省稻田杂草的发生现状与防控建议

水稻是江苏省主要的粮食作物,常年栽种面积约为220万hm~2,其栽种方式已经由传统的人工移栽转变为机械化移栽和直播种植。杂草是影响水稻高产稳产的主要生物因子,目前江苏省稻田杂草发生种类多、数量大、出苗时间长、危害严重,草害已经成为威胁江苏省水稻安全生产的最主要因素。江苏省稻田草害严重的主要原因有以下几点:(1)水稻的栽种方式多样,田间生态条件适宜杂草发生;(2)田间管理粗放,化除质量没有得到保证;(3)杂草的生态适应性强,气候条件不适宜化除,抗耐药性杂草迅速蔓延。为了解决上述问题,建议采取以下对策:(1)加强调查,监测田间草情;(2)精耕细作,提高农田的平整度和保水性能,并针对田间草情,选用针对性强(主要危害杂草和抗性杂草种群)、抗性风险低、施药适期宽、兼有土壤封闭和茎叶处理作用、持效期长的除草剂品种及配方;(3)在施药前后及时提供除草剂充分发挥药效的最佳条件基础上,适期选用高效、精准施药机械用药,控制稻田草害。     

眼子菜田间分布型及抽样技术研究

眼子菜是稻田的恶性杂草之一。在我县沿河、低洼等局部稻区发生严重。为了选择正确的抽样方法,准确估计其危害损失,指导防除工作,于1990年我们进行了该草的田间分布型及抽样技术的研究。一、材料与方法 (一) 调查方法:以眼子菜叶片作为分布型的调查对象。因为眼子菜在水面匍伏生长,当田间叶片覆盖水面一定面积时,株与株之间很难区分,株数的调查数值与实际数量往往差     

Robotic weeders can improve weed control options for specialty crops

Specialty crop herbicides are not a priority for the agrochemical industry, and many of these crops do not have access to effective herbicides. High‐value fruit and vegetable crops represent small markets and high potential liability in the case of herbicide‐induced crop damage. Meanwhile, conventional and organic specialty crop producers are experiencing labor shortages and higher manual weeding costs. Robotic weeders are promising new weed control tools for specialty crops, because they are cheaper to develop and, with fewer environmental and human health risks, are less regulated than herbicides. Now is the time for greater investment in robotic weeders as new herbicides are expensive to develop and few in number, organic crops need better weed control technology and governments are demanding reduced use of pesticides. Public funding of fundamental research on robotic weeder technology can help improve weed and crop recognition, weed control actuators, and expansion of weed science curricula to train students in this technology. Robotic weeders can expand the array of tools available to specialty crop growers. However, the development of robotic weeders will require a broader recognition that these tools are a viable path to create new weed control tools for specialty crops. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry     

Development of chemical weed control and integrated weed management in China

More than 200 species of weeds are infesting main crop fields in China, among which approximately 30 species are major weeds causing great crop yield losses. About 35.8 million hectares of crop fields are heavily infested by weeds and the annual reduction of crop yields is 12.3–16.5% (weighted average). Along with rural economic development, approximately 50% of the main crop fields undergo herbicide application. Chemical weed control has changed cultural practices to save weeding labor in rice, wheat, maize, soybeans and cotton. At the same time, continuous use of the same herbicides has caused weed shift problems and weed resistance to herbicides. Consequently, integrated weed management in main crops is being developed.     

Evaluation of herbicides for selective weed control in grafted watermelons

Grafted watermelon is a combination of two plants, aCucurbita rootstock and a watermelon scion. Therefore, weed control for this crop faces a unique problem: the safety of the selected herbicide has to be tested for both plants that make up the grafted plant. In the current study, we evaluated the usage safety of selected herbicides forCucurbita rootstocks as well as for non-grafted and grafted watermelons, and the control ofAmaranthus retroflexus by the same herbicides. In addition, the residual effect of the herbicides was tested for seeded and transplanted melons representing the next crop following cultivation of the grafted watermelons. The herbicides ethalfluralin, pendimethalin, ethalfluralin, sulfentrazone, oxyfluorfen, chlorsulfuron and clomazone were chosen for their potential to controlA. retroflexus. Pendimethalin and trifluralin were less effective than the other herbicides in controllingA. retroflexus; sulfentrazone, chlorsulfuron and clomazone were not safe for use on the tested cucurbits and thus cannot be recommended for weed control in grafted watermelons. Therefore, by eliminating the herbicides that are toxic to cucurbits and those that are ineffective forA. retroflexus control, it was concluded that the herbicides ethalfluralin and oxyfluorfen can be considered effective and safe for weed control in grafted watermelons. It was shown that trifluralin and oxyfluorfen have the potential to be applied effectively through the drip irrigation system. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Jan. 10, 2008.     

青海高原农田野燕麦发生特点及除草剂应用技术的初步探讨

本文对青海高原农田野燕麦的发生特点,如出苗、生长发育、繁殖和传播、种籽抗逆性等进行了初步试验。为认识野燕麦的危害性和制定防除措施提供了依据。在化学除草方面,试验了十几种除草剂和不同的应用条件,初步认为“深埋药”、“狠抓水”、“防耗损”、“促生长”是保证药效的重要环节。对旱地除草剂的应用有一定参考意义。     

Impact of post-emergence herbicides on weed community diversity within conservation-tillage systems

The influence of herbicides on weed community dynamics is an issue of agroecological concern. A field study was initiated in 1986 with zero-, minimum-, and conventional-tillage systems. In 1989 and 1990, the fourth and fifth years of study, weed community diversity and relative composition were assessed prior to and following the application of post-emergence non-residual herbicides. Weed communities were assessed at the level of tillage system to balance the effect of different crop sequences and crop-herbicide combinations within each comparison. In general, herbicides did not reduce community diversity when compared by Shannon's H’and dominance-diversity curves. An increase in species richness and evenness, as assessed by Shannon's E and Margalef's D_MG occurred in some cases. Differences in relative community composition among tillage systems were apparent before the application of herbicides, but disappeared following herbicide application. The use of herbicides in this study reduced weed densities, maintained weed diversity, and inhibited community changes that were due to changing tillage systems.     

影响除草剂药效药害的因子

本文从除草剂特性,杂草和作物的生物学特性,气候和土壤等自然环境条件,作物栽培措施和除草剂施药技术等人为因素等方面较具有地分析了影响土壤处理除草剂和式叶处理除草剂对作物安全性的因素和除草效果,由于除草剂在安全性和除草效果与作物栽培措施的非常密切,所以重点阐述了栽培方法和使用技术的影响。     

发展化学除草重视综合治理

我国农田杂草有２５０多种，全国农田受草害面积４３００多万ｈｍ２，平均受草害减产１３．４％，每年减产粮食１７５０万ｔ，皮棉２５．５万ｔ和大豆５０万ｔ。传统农业生产采用机械作业及人力等除草。随着农村经济的发展，化学除草面积迅速扩大，全国农田化学除草面积从１９７５年的１７０万ｈｍ２增加到１９９５年的４１３３万ｈｍ２。但是，长期化学除草也带来了除草剂土壤残留对后茬作物药害、农田杂草种群更替和产生抗药性等新问题。必须重视农田杂草综合治理，通过采用各种有效的农业技术措施，为农作物保持良好的生态条件，结合化学除草才是最有效的防除杂草方法     

A risk-qualified approach to calculate locally varying herbicide application rates

Weed competition can decrease crop yield and profit. Herbicides are applied to reduce weed populations, minimize crop loss and maximize profit. Traditional practice is to apply herbicides at a uniform rate over an entire field. Complete knowledge of the weed distribution and appropriate instrumentation on the spraying equipment would allow the farm manager to apply the 'correct' locally varying herbicide application rate. The locally variable rate would be greater in areas of high weed density and less where there are few weeds. A locally varying treatment would have both economic and environmental advantages. A major challenge facing farm managers is the unavoidable uncertainty in the spatial distribution of weeds in any particular field. This uncertainty in weed distribution influences the optimal locally varying herbicide rate. A mathematical model is presented to calculate the optimal herbicide application rate using geostatistical models of uncertainty in weed density combined with principles from decision making. Weed data from a 34-ha field near Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada, illustrate the application of these tools. Weed control was achieved with a significant reduction in total herbicide use.     

Modelling the effect of crop and weed on herbicide efficacy in wheat

Recommended field application rates of herbicides have to give effective weed control in every situation and are, thus, often higher than that required for specific fields. An understanding of the interaction between crop:weed competition and herbicide dose may, in many cases, allow herbicide application rates to be reduced, important both environmentally and economically. We have developed a model of the interaction between crop:weed competition and herbicide dose, using an empirical model of the relationship between crop yield and weed biomass (related to weed density), and an empirical model of the relationship between weed biomass and herbicide dose. The combined model predicts crop yield, given herbicide dose and weed biomass at an interim assessment date. These crop yield loss predictions may be used to quantify the herbicide dose required to restrict yield loss to a given percentage. Parameters of the model were estimated and the model tested, using results from experiments, which used cultivated oats ( Avena sativa ) or oilseed rape ( Brassica napus ) as model weeds in a crop of winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum ).For the crop:weed:herbicide combinations investigated there was little increase in crop yield for herbicide dose rates above 20% of recommended field rates, in broad agreement with the model predictions. There may still be potential for further reduction below this level on economic grounds; the model could be used to estimate the `break-even' herbicide dose.     

THE DEVELOPMENT OF HERBICIDES FOR POTATOES

Summary. Since 1961 the Weed Research Organization has been testing and developing herbicides for weed control in potatoes. Inthe three experiments which are reported, herbicides were compared with other forms of weed control. The first experimentin 1961 was exploratory and compared yields following hand-weeding versus no weed control versus several promising herbicides. The highest yield was produced by the hand-weeded crop. Several herbicide treatments applied before crop emergence gave useful selective weed control.
Assuming weed control to be necessary, selected herbicides were then compared in 1962 and 1963 with conventional mechanical cultivations. In both years successful weed control by herbicide resulted in a higher yield of potatoes than did mechanical cultivation although the soil-acting chemical used in 1962 caused some crop damage. The 1963 experiment included triangular planting patterns, at normal and high plant densities. Increases both in gross and marketable yield were obtained at normal plant density with the triangular arrangement as compared with the row crop. The high plant population resulted in the largest gross yield but a lower yield per plant and smaller average tuber size.